• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
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• 제71권6호
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• pp.467-475
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• 2018

Background: The Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) is a widely-used, self-rated, and self-completed questionnaire for postoperative patients. The questionnaire is intended to elicit information from each patient regarding the quality of recovery during the postoperative period. It is noteworthy, however, that an official Korean version of the QoR-40 (QoR-40K) has not been established. The purpose of this study was to develop the QoR-40K by translation and cultural adaptation process and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the QoR-40K. Methods: After pre-authorization from the original author of the QoR-40, the translation procedure was established and carried out based upon Beaton's recommendation to create a QoR-40K model comparable to the original English QoR-40. Two hundred surgical patients were enrolled, and each completed the questionnaire during the preoperative period, on the third day, and 1 month after surgery. The QoR-40K was compared with the visual analogue scale (VAS) and another health-related questionnaire, the Short-form Health Survery-36 (SF-36). The method of validation for QoR-40K included test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and level of responsiveness. Results: Spearman's correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.895 (P < 0.001), and Cronbach's alpha of the global QoR-40K on the third day after surgery was 0.956. A positive correlation was obtained between the QoR-40K and the mental component summary of SF-36 (${\rho}=0.474$, P < 0.001), and a negative correlation was observed between QoR-40K and VAS (${\rho}=-0.341$, P < 0.001). The standardized responsive mean of the total QoR-40K was 0.71. Conclusions: The QoR-40K was found to be as acceptable and reliable as the original English QoR-40 for Korean patients after surgery, despite the apparent differences in the respective patients' cultural backgrounds.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2008

In this study, tests were conducted to investigate the effects of three dietary growth hormones, administered in various amounts, on the growth performance and lysozyme activity in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Three dietary growth hormones, recombinant human growth hormone (rHGH), recombinant bovine somatotropin A (rBST A) and recombinant bovine somatotropin B (rBST B) were tested at three different supplemental levels (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight per week) by a $3{\times}3$ factorial design and a complete randomized design in comparison to a control group. Fish were fed one of the ten experimental diets (control, $rHGH_{10}$, $rHGH_{20}$, $rHGH_{40}$, rBST $A_{10}$, rBST $A_{20}$, rBST $A_{40}$, rBST $B_{10}$, rBST $B_{20}$ and rBST $B_{40}$) for 6 weeks and afterward were analyzed for growth performance by measuring weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Based on the factorial design analysis, fish fed rHGH diets demonstrated significantly higher growth performance than fish fed rBST A or rBST B diets. However there were no significant differences in WG, FE, SGR and PER between fish fed rBST A and rBST B diets. Neither hormone level nor the interaction between the different hormones and their various levels had a significant effect on WG, FE, SGR, PER, lysozyme activity or whole-body proximate composition. A complete randomized design analysis confirmed fish fed $rHGH_{10}$, $rHGH_{20}$, $rHGH_{40}$, rBST $A_{10}$, rBST $A_{20}$, rBST $A_{40}$, rBST $B_{20}$ and rBST $B_{40}$ diets for 6 weeks showed higher WG than fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). A higher FE was observed in fish fed $rHGH_{10}$, $rHGH_{20}$, $rHGH_{40}$, rBST $A_{20}$ and rBST $A_{40}$ diets in comparison to fish fed the control diet. Fish fed all graded rHGH, rBST A and rBST B supplemented diets showed a higher SGR than fish fed the control diet. Regarding PER, fish fed $rHGH_{10}$, $rHGH_{20}$, $rHGH_{40}$, rBST $A_{10}$, rBST $A_{20}$, rBST $A_{40}$ and rBST $B_{20}$ diets were higher than fish fed the control diet. Furthermore, the lysozyme activity of fish fed a diet of $rHGH_{20}$ was significantly higher than that of fish fed any other diet. The results measuring the growth and development of the fish clearly suggest the biopotency of dietary rHGH could be higher than those of both dietary rBST A and rBST B. Further implied is the probability that within the range of 10 to 40 mg/kg BW/week the dietary growth hormones could accelerate growth performance, and that 20 mg rHGH/kg BW/week could possibly enhance lysozyme activity in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.289-295
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• 1982

Streptomyces bobili (YS-40) 의 Hg, Ag, penicillin-G, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin에 대한 생육최소저해농도는 각각 15, 10, >3,000, >100, >1,000. >100. <5, <5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$였으며 본 균주의 R-plasmid를 제거시키기 위하여 ethidium bromide, acriflavine, sodium dodecyl sulfate 등의 curing agent를 처리시킨 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Ethidium bromide를 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 농도로 처리했을 때 98.0% 정도의 R-plasmid를 제거시킬 수 있었다. pH 7.0에서 curing시킴으로서 R-plasmid가 가장 잘 제거되었으며 분균을 24시간동안 배양해서 curing시킴으로서 R-plasmid의 제거율이 가장 높게 나타났다. Ethidium bromide에 의해서 R-plasmid가 제거된 균과 원균을 여러가지 색소생성배지에서 배양시켜 배양상의 특성을 조사해 본 결과 peptone-beef extract agar 배지에서 aerial mass color가 greyish pink에서 grey로 변했으며 tryptone-yeast extract broth에서 배지에서 soluble pigment가 pale brown에서 무색으로 변했다. 이 결과로는 aerial mycelium, melanin 생성과 R-plasmid 는 무관하다고 추측된다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.831-867
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• 2003

In this paper, we find the unitary dual of the group SL(2,R)(equation omitted)R($^{m,2}$) and study automorphic forms related to the group SL(2,R)(equation omitted)R($^{m, 2}$).).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.601-606
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to research the effects of acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 and to determine the mechanism of action of acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 by measuring the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats. To determine the mechanism of action of acupuncturing BL40 and ST36, pretreatment with indomethacine and methylene blue was performed. Acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 significantly increased rCBF, and the increased rCBF by acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, and methylene blue($10{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. Acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 decreased MABP, and decreased MABP by acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 was not changed by pretreatment with indomethacin and methylene blue. This result suggested that acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 might significantly increase rCBF by dilating arterial diameter and mechanism of acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 might be mediated by cyclooxygenase and guanylate cyclase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to determine the roughage to concentrate (R:C) ratio with rain tree pod meal (RPM) supplementation on in vitro fermentation using gas production technique. The experiment design was a 6${\times}$4 factorial arrangement in a CRD. Factor A was 6 levels of R:C ratio (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100) and factor B was 4 levels of RPM (0, 4, 8 and 12 mg). It was found that gas kinetic, extent rate (c) was linearly increased (p<0.01) with an increasing level of concentrate while cumulative gas production (96 h) was higher in R:C of 40:60. In addition, interaction of R:C ratio and RPM level affected $NH_3-N$ and IVDMD and were highest in R:C of 0:100 with 0, 4 mg of RPM and 40:60 with 8 mg of RPM, respectively. Moreover, interaction of R:C ratio and RPM level significantly increased total volatile fatty acids and propionate concentration whereas lower acetate, acetate to propionate ratios and $CH_4$ production in R:C of 20:80 with 8 mg of RPM. Moreover, the two factors, R:C ratio and RPM level influenced the protozoal population and the percentage of methanogens in the total bacteria population. In addition, the use of real-time PCR found that a high level of concentrate in the diet remarkably decreased three cellulolytic bacteria numbers (F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus). Based on this study, it is suggested that the ratio of R:C at 40:60 and RPM level at 12 mg could improve ruminal fluid fermentation in terms of reducing fermentation losses, thus improving VFA profiles and ruminal ecology.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1035-1041
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• 1996

The study was undertaken to examine the levels of serum lipids and the correlations between serum lipid levels and other factors(nutrient intakes, anthrometric measurement, blood pressure, drinking, smoking). The participants in this study were healthy volunteers over the age of 40 residing in Whachon area, Kang-Wan Do. The level of serum TG was higher in males than in females, particularly in age of 40(209.8mg/dl$\pm$154.9, p<0.05). The HDL-c/total cholesterol ratio(HTR) in males was the lowest(0.23$\pm$0.07, p<0.05) in age of 40 and in females was the lowest(0.25$\pm$0.1) in age of 60 and over. LDL-c/HDL-c ratio(LHR) was the highest (males 3.64$\pm$6.29, females 3.28$\pm$3.03) in age of 40 in both sexes. In the age of 40-59, serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol tended to increase with BMI. Serum TG showed positive correlation with drinking (r=0.026, p<0.001) and BMI (r=0.2096, p<0.01). BMI was negatively correlated with HTR(r=-0.2242, p<0.01) and HDL-cholesterol (r=-0.2054, p<0.01).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study was to formulate the aqueous solution of $20-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol\;(IH-901)$, an intestinal bacterial metabolic derivative from Ginseng protopanaxadiol saponin. For this purpose, the effects of various solubilization agents such as cosolvents [ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), glycerin], surfactants $(Tween\;80,\;Cremophor^{\circledR}\;RH40,\;Cremophor^{\circledR}\;EL,\;Poloxamer\;407,\;Poloxamer\;188)$ and a complexation agent $[hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin\;(HPBCD)]$, on the solubility of IH-90l in aqueous solution were evaluated. The solubility of IH-901 in water was under $1\;{\mu}g/ml\;at\;20^{\circ}C$. Cosolvents such as ethanol, PG, PEG 300, PEG 400 and glycerin did not enhance the solubility of IH-901 at the 0 - 40% concentration range. The solubility of IH-901 was significantly elevated by the addition of cosolvents over the 80% concentration range. On the other hand, tween 80, $Cremophor^{\circledR}\;EL,\;Cremophor^{\circledR}\;RH40$ and HPBCD showed enhanced effects on the solubility of IH-901. The enhanced effects of Poloxamer 407 or Poloxamer 188 on the IH-901 solubility were less pronounced compared with $Cremophor^{\circledR}\;EL\;or\;Cremophor^{\circledR}\;RH40$. As a results, $Cremophor^{\circledR}$ aqueous solution was selected as an optimum solvent system. The aqueous solutions containing 10% $Cremophor^{\circledR}\;EL$ and 7% $Cremophor^{\circledR}\;RH40$ were formulated as dosing solutions containing 5.0 mg/ml of IH-901 for its intravenous and oral administration, respectively. The formular showed physical stability after stored for 7 days at $4^{\circ}C$.

• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국세라믹학회 2003년도 추계총회 및 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.40.1-40
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• 2003

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.355-366
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• 2018

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and let M be a finitely generated module over a Noetherian local ring R. Then it is well-known that M has a minimal projective resolution, which is unique up to isomorphisms of exact sequences. We provide a new proof of its uniqueness. Moreover, we deal with the cohomologies of (M, R/m).