• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

In this study, we evaluated the crow's feet of 152 Korean women by using visual assessment established by our research group and mechanical assessment, Skin Visiometer SV 600. The volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to age; the group I of 30's was 43, the group II of 40's was 75, the group III of 50's was 34. The wrinkle score by visual assessment showed tendency to increase according to age and was statistically significant different among those three age groups (P 〈 0.05). But there was no significant difference between the left and the right of crow's feet. The 5 wrinkle parameters (RI, R2, R3, R4, R5) of mechanical assessment varied as age and the Rl, R4, and R5 showed statistically significant difference among three age groups (P 〈 0.05). However there was no significant difference between the left and the right of crow's feet. The volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to wrinkle score; (0-3 grade for group A, 4-6 grade for group B, 7-9 grade for group C). Only R4 and R5 showed significant difference between group A and group C (P 〈 0.05). It was suggested that visual scoring criteria applied in this study was related to R4 and R5 and was useful in investigating in fine wrinkles.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.138-141
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• 2012

We measured physiological functionalities, including antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and immun-stimulating ${\beta}$-glucan content for sixty kinds of Makgeolli that is commercially available from the market. As a result, we selected R-12 commercial raw Makgeolli, with a high content of immuno-stimulating ${\beta}$-glucan, and R-14 commercial raw Makgeolli, exhibiting high antihypertensive activity. Due to the similarities in their overall physicochemical properties and raw materials used for fermentation, we compared the microbial flora in order to investigate the reason for the differences in their functionalities. Nested PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for yeasts and bacteria were performed for analysis of microbial diversity of two different kinds of Makgeolli (i.e., R-12, R-14), which showed immuno-stimulating ${\beta}$-glucan content and exhibited a very high level of antihypertensive activity, respectively. Analysis of the 18S rDNA amplicon revealed a major presence of the yeast strain Pichia burtonii in every Makgeolli sample. Analysis of the 16S rDNA amplicon revealed a predominance of lactic acid bacteria, and the most frequent lactic acid bacteria were Lactobacillus ingluviei, L. fermentum, and L. harbinensis, and Lactobacillus sp. Among these, L. harbinensis was detected only in R-12 and L. ingluviei was found only in R-14. Different functionalities from the individual commercially available Makgeolli may be attributed to actions of different microbial flora during fermentation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2018

This study investigated factors affected to adjustment of college life character, interpersonal personal relationships of total 220 health-related college in G-city. This study was conducted by a self-report type survey between August 1 and December 30 in 2017, according to the findings, character level is aver. 3.49(1-5 score), interpersonal relationship aver. 3.40(1-5)score, adjustment to college life aver. 3.33(1-5)score were showed medium level, The relation between character, interpersonal relationship(r=.62, p<.001), adjustment to college life, character(r=.62, p<.001), adjustment of college life, interpersonal relations(r=.80, p<.001), Major satisfaction and adjustment of college life(r=-.32, p<.001) showed a significantly correlation of medium level. With improved personal relationships and higher behavior factor of level of character college adjustment to college life of these factors is 65%(F=102.97). The results reveals to develop program interpersonal relationship and character of college students in oder to improve adjustment process to college life.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.439-446
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• 2004

Many studies have reported that retinal defocus cause and increase refractive error specially myopia. Uncorrected astigmatism may be one factor of retinal defocus factors. To understand the relationship between myopia and astigmatism 62 college students were participated in this study. Spherical refractive error and astigmatism were measured using N-vision 5001 autorefractor (Shinnippon). Co-relations between spherical refractive error and astigmatism were high both in the with-the-rule astigmatism group(r=0.53; ANOVA F=32.40, N=87, P<0.05) and oblique astigmatism group (r=0.53ANOVA F=5.14, N=15, P<0.001). However it was very low (r=0.09; ANOVA F=0.18, N=22, P<0.001)in the against-the-rule stigmatism group. In the total group co-relation was also high (r=0.56: ANOVA F=77.80, N=173, P<0.001). Uncorrected astigmatism may cause and increase spherical refractive error.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.979-985
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• 2007

Induction of growth hormone (GH) by Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR), one of the most popular herbal medicine, and its major ingredients were studied in rat pituitary cells in vitro and in vivo assay. The MeOH extract and the n-hexane (HX) fraction of GR induced rat GH (rGH) release up to 1.89 times ($0.34{\pm}0.04 nM$) and 4.59 times ($0.83{\pm}0.03 nM$), compared to the basal level (p < 0.05). Among many ingredients isolated and purified from GR both glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizin induced significantly rGH release compared to the control (p < 0.05). After an intravenous injection of rat growth hormone releasing hormone (rGHRH) ($10{\mu}g$/kg) as positive control, in SD rats, $T_{max}$ of plasma rGH level was 10 min, $C_{max}$ was $3.84{\pm}0.01 nM$ (n = 3), and enhanced plasma rGH level returned to the baseline in 90 min. Both $AUC_{0-90}$ (area under the curve) of plasma rGH level after HX fraction and that after rGHRH administration were increased significantly from the basal level, respectively (p < 0.01). In conclusions, HX fraction is the most active fraction of MeOH extract of GR in rGH induction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.23 no.7 s.166
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• pp.1112-1119
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• 1999

Fracture resistance(J-R) curves, which are used for the elastic-plastic fracture mechanics analyses, are known to be dependent on the cyclic loading history. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of reverse cyclic loading on J-R curves in CT specimens. The effect of two parameters was observed on the J-R curves during the reverse cyclic loading. One was the minimum-to-maximum load ratio(R) and the other was the incremental plastic displacement(${\delta}_{cycle}/{\delta}_i$), which is related to the amount of crack growth that occurs in a cycle. Fracture resistance test on CT specimens with varying load ratio and incremental plastic displacement were performed. For the SA 516 Gr. 70 steel, the results showed that the J-R curves were decreased with decreasing the load ratio and the incremental plastic displacement. When the load ratio was set to -1, the results of the J-R curves and the $J_i$ value were about $40{\sim}50$ percent of those for the monotonic loading condition. Also on condition that the incremental plastic displacement reached 1/40, the J-R curves and the $J_i$ value were about $50{\sim}60$ percent of those for the incremental plastic displacement of 1/10.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.275-281
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• 2016

In this study, we investigate the pool boiling enhancement caused by perforated plates on top of a smooth surface. We conduct tests using R-123 at atmospheric pressure. It was shown that perforated plates significantly enhanced the pool boiling of the smooth surface. The reason may be attributed to the increased bubble contact area between the plates. The results showed that the enhancement ratio was dependent on the heat flux. At high heat flux, the enhancement ratio increased as the porosity increased. However, at low heat flux, the enhancement ratio decreased as the porosity increased. For the present investigation, the optimum configuration had a pore diameter of 2.0 mm, pore pitch of $2.5mm{\times}5.0mm$ or $5.0mm{\times}5.0mm$, and a gap width of 0.5 mm, which yielded heat-transfer coefficients that are close to those of GEWA-T. The optimum porosity for R-123 was significantly larger than that of water or ethanol. The reason for this may be the large liquid-to-vapor density ratio along with the small latent heat of vaporization of R-123. The perforated plates yielded smaller boiling hysteresis compared with that of the smooth surface.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2002

The structure of pregel state in thermoreversible poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) /propylene carbonate(PC) system was investigated by laser light scattering. It was found that the PVDF chain did not exist as a separate chain even in a very dilute concentration(i.e. 100 times more dilute than the gel formation concentration) but as a large spherical aggregate with the radius of gyration $R_G$, of 232 nm and the effective hydrodynamic radius $R_H$= of 407 nm at $40^{\circ}C$. Based upon experimental results such as $R_H/R_G$=ratio of 1.75 and the pattern of scattering intensity with a minimum, a core-shell type sphere model was suggested as a structure of the aggregate. According to this model, the radius of core part was estimated as 215 nm, the shell thickness as 192 nm, and the ratio of monomer density of the shell part to that of the core part as about 0.075.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.539-546
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• 2016

In this paper, the effect of J-R curve changes on the determination of parameters in a failure model owing to the presence or absence of a side groove in a C(T) specimen is investigated. A stress-modified fracture strain model is implemented for FE damage simulations. C(T) specimens were taken from SA508 grade 1a low-alloy steel piping material, and some of them were processed with a side groove. Fracture toughness tests were performed at room temperature and at $316^{\circ}C$. The parameters of the failure model were determined by damage simulations using the J-R curves obtained from the tests. Finally, the results show that the determination of failure model parameters is not affected by variations in J-R curves owing to the presence or absence of a side groove.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.170-177
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• 1989

In order to seek the molecular basis of higher insecticidal activity of the carbamates with two methyl groups, m-xylyl-N-methylcarbamate(MXNMC) than the corresponding unsubstituted phenyl N-methylcarbamate(PNMC), these two derivatives have been studied by molecular orbital(MO) theoretically using extended $H\ddot{u}ckel$ theory(EHT), and analysis of regression and linear free energy relationship(LFER). The most stable stereo structure(Z, Z) shows that the phenyl group occupies vertical(${\theta}=90^{\circ}$) position on the plane of the N-methylcarbamyl group. Regression analysis shows that especially good correlation exists between the $pI_{50}$ values and the calculated MO quantities when the hydrogen atomic charge of metaposition and of m-methyl groups, and LUMO energy are taken as variables. The LFER analysis on the carbamylation indicates that field(F) effect(60%) is slightly larger than resonance(R) effect(40%) in PNMC(E>R), whereas, in case of MXNMC, R effect(98.6%) is much larger than F effect(1.4%)($R{\gg}F$). From the basis on the findings, the enhancement of insecticidal activity of MXNMC may be the result of hyperconjugation by m-methyl groups.