• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.433-440
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• 2002

The protective efficacy of Rheum palmatum water extract on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism was studied in C57BL/6 mice. In order to demonstrate neuroprotective effect of R. palmatum extract, animals were administered intraperitoneally with the water extract (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, and MPTP (10 mg/kg/day) was injected subcutaneously into the mice for the first 6 consecutive days from the beginning 1 hr before R. palmatum extract treatment. All animals were measured the several neurobiochemical markers such as dopamine level and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity in various regions of brain. The treatment of mice with R. palmatum extract was confirmed recovery effect on MAO-B activity in the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex. R. palmatum extract was attenuated the MPTP-induced depletion of substantia nigra dopamine. The contents of MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation, in brain tissues (cerebellum and cerebral cortex mitochondria) were decreased significantly by R. palmatum extract. These results suggest that R. palmatum water extract plays an effective role in attenuating MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. This protective effect of R. palmatum might be estimated the result from the inhibitory activity on monoamine oxidase B and the enhancement of antioxidant activity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2009

Rheum undulatum and Rheum palmatum have been widely used as food material as well as medicinal ingredients for their therapeutic effects in oriental countries. Many kinds of herbs are being used in the manufacture of functional foods. The objective of this study was to determine polyphenol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, tyrosinase activity, and electron donating ability of R. undulatum and R. palmatum. Total polyphenol content were most effective in 50 and 100% ethanol extracts from R. undulatum and R. palmatum. SOD-like activities of R. undulatum extracts were higher than those of R. palmatum extracts, and water extracts of samples were highest. EDAs of R. undulatum extracts were higher (26.76-44.46%) than those of R. palmatum extracts, while those of both extracts were lower than 1.0 and 0.1% L-ascorbate. And these suggest that the extracts of R. undulatum and R. palmatum can be used as a material in functional food.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1666-1685
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• 2004

This present study was designed to screen medicinal plants for the treatment of brain diseases such as Parkinson's disease or aging. We tested the effects of the water extracts from 38 species medicinal plants on antioxidant capacity, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitory activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and antiperoxidation activity in vitro. The water extracts from 38 species were tested on their antioxidant activity using radical scavenging effects against ABTS+. The water extract of C. sappan was showed the highest antioxidant capacity, the antioxidant activity at 1 Jig of herbal extract being 0.38mM TE. Lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates induced by NADPH and ADP-Fe/sup 2+/ was strong inhibited by C. sappan and R. palmatum extracts. Among the 38 medicinal plants investigated, R. palmatum showed significant biological activity (antioxidant capacity, MAO-B inhibiory activity, and AChE inhibitory activity). The protective efficacy of R. palmatum water extract on 1-methyl-4­phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism and its possible mechanism were studied in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment of R. palmatum water extract protected biomacromolecules such as lipids from oxidative damage induced by MPTP. The content of MDA in brain tissue was decreased significantly by R. palmatum extract. These results suggest that R. palmatum water extract plays on effective role in attenuating MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. This protective effect of R. palmatum might be estimated the result from the inhibitory activity on monoamine oxidase B and the enhancement of antioxidant activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

Rheum palmatum has traditionally been used as a preventive agent and medication against fever and infection. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize an antibacterial substance from R. palmatum that is effective against bacterial vaginosis. A methanol extract from R. palmatum showed antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus vaginalis KC TC 3515, Chryseobacterium gleum KCTC 2904, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis KCTC 2834, which cause bacterial vaginosis. After extraction and pH control of the methanol extract from R. palmatum, we found that acidic and alkaline extracts did not show antibacterial activity. A neutral extract (50 mg/mL) displayed an inhibitory zone of 18 mm on a nutrient agar plate with C. gleum KCTC 2904. Fractions No. 11 and 12 among 41 fractions obtained by silica gel column chromatography produced inhibitory zones of 10 mm on nutrient agar plates with C. gleum KCTC 2904. $R_f0.15$ and $R_f0.17$ spots produced by TLC of fraction No. 11 showed antibacterial activity against C. gleum KCTC 2904. Isolation and purification of the peak at a retention time (Rt) of 9.427 min was achieved by HPLC of $R_f0.29spots$. The peak at Rt 9.427 min showed antibacterial activity against C. gleum KCTC 2904.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2019

The herbal formula, DF-02, consisting of Ephedra intermedia and Rheum palmatum are used for the treatment of the metabolic diseases such as obesity and liver fibrosis in Korean local clinics. We aimed to develop the simultaneous analytical conditions for four standards, (+)-pseudoephedrine (PSEP) and (-)-ephedrine (EP) for E. intermedia, and aloe-emodin (AE) and chrysophanol (CP) for R. palmatum using HPLC-UV techniques. The validated conditions yielded the high precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 3.65%) and the recoveries (94 - 106%) using the calibration curves with high linearity ($R^2$ > 0.9994). As a result, four standards of DF-02 were simultaneously determined under the developed method, which will be utilized for the quality control or evaluation of DF-02 and many herbal preparations containing E. intermedia and R. palmatum.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2012

This study evaluated the germination rate of $Rheum$ $palmatum$ L. in Korea as affected by storage temperature, germination temperature, and a soaking treatment. The germination rate of $R.$ $palmatum$ L. stored at various conditions for 8 weeks was > 60%. The highest germination rate occurred at $25^{\circ}C$. The germination point of $R.$ $palmatum$ L. with soaking was started 1 day after application, and non soaked seeds germinated in 2 days. When $R.$ $palmatum$ L. was soaked with water, the germination rate was lower, but mean germination velocity was the highest. These results may help our understanding of variations in germination characteristics for seeds treated under different germination conditions.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

The Following is a list of specific external and internal morphology of Rheum palmatum L. and R. undulatum L. in Rhei Rhizoma. 1. For the original plants of Rhei Rhizoma in the literatures. 18 plants are reported. 2. The external characteristics of original plant : R. palmatum has a large palmate leaf, its petiole of radical leaf has a simple bristle and its flower is purple and pink color. Whereas R. undulatum has a medium ovate leaf, its petiole of radical leaf is purphish, its stem leaf surrounds a half of stem and its flower is yellowish white color. 3. The character of herbal states : a. diameter and size-- R. palmaum is bigger and heavier than R. undulatum. b. in section--R. palmatum is dark brown color, R. undulatum is bright brown color Fibrovascular bundle is arranged in circle shape in R. patmatum. R. undulatum shows a distingushed wheel shape. 4. The internal characteristics : R. palmatum has a large intercellular space of cork layer, its cambium is clear and a xylem medullary ray is comparatively tight, Whereas R. undulatum has a tight intercettular space of cork layer., its cambium is a few clear and xylem medullary ray is verty tight. As these results, additional study is required to distinguish herbs and their effect among many kinds of same genus-degree of relatedness.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2005

Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by UV exposure or other environmental factors are critical players in cellular damage and aging. In order to develop a new antiphotoaging agent, this work focused on the antioxidant effects of the extract of tinged autumnal leaves of Acer palmatum. One compound was isolated from an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the A. palmatum extract using silica gel column chromatography. The chemical structure was identified as apigenin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside, more commonly known as vitexin, by spectral analysis including LC-MS, FT-IR, UV, $^{1}H-$, and $^{13}C-NMR$. The biological activities of vitexin were investigated for the potential application of its anti-aging effects in the cosmetic field. Vitexin inhibited superoxide radicals by about $70\%$ at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals by about $60\%$ at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. Intracellular ROS scavenging activity was indicated by increases in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence upon exposure to UVB $20\;mJ/cm^2$ in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) after the treatment of vitexin. The results show that oxidation of 5-(6-)chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlo-rodihydrofluorescein diacetate ($CM-H_{2}DCFDA$) is inhibited by vitexin effectively and that vitexin has a potent free radical scavenging activity in UVB-irradiated HDFs. In ROS imaging using a confocal microscope we visualized DCF fluorescence in HDFs directly. In conclusion, our findings suggest that vitexin can be effectively used for the prevention of UV-induced adverse skin reactions such as free radical production and skin cell damage.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.464-478
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• 2003

Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by UV exposure or other environmental facts play critical roles in cellular damage and aging. The extract of tinged autumnal leaves of maple tree(Acer palmatum) has proven to be a powerful antioxidant. The Acer palmatum extract is very effective on the stabilization of biological membranes( containing unsaturated fatty acid). We studied photoprotective effect of the extract against UVB-induced cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. The extract improved cell viability comparing to control after UVB irradiation. In the determination test of pro inflammatory cytokines the extract decreased expression of interleukin 1 a and 6, which play an important role in inflammation and skin erythema caused by UV. We also studied property of varying cosmetic formulations on the percutaneous absorption of the extract. After 24 hour in vitro penetration study, the content of the extract was more highly detected in skin residue part. This result showed the extract had relatively high compatibility of skin in our emulsion system. On human skin, after appling the product containing the extract we obtained a good result of antiwrinkle effect by skin visiometer. In conclusion, the Acer palmatum extract is a photoprotective and very effective in stressed and aged skin care. And we can predict the extract mainly affects on the skin cell and tissue in our emulsion system.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.87-91
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• 2003

Objectives: To examine the relaxational response to the water extract of Rheum palmatum L. and Rheum undulatum L. on rat thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta. Methods: Segments of thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta obtained from rats immediately after delivery were mounted in organ baths superfused on a polygraph. Results : We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to the water extract of genus Rheum with a dose-dependent vasorelaxation. At $10^{-4}$ M 5-HT, the maximal contraction force was 93.5% of the maximum KCI-response. The 5-HT induced contractions at $10^{-4}$ M were inhibited by 86.4% and 62.1 % after addition of the high concentrations of R. palmatum root (RPR) and leaf (RPL) and R. undulatum root (RUR) and leaf (RUL). At 10 mg/ml RPR and RUR, the relaxational response at thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta with and without endothelium were 86.4%, 83.2%, 85.8%, and 62.1% of the maximum 5-HT induced contraction. Conclusion: Our result showed that RPL and RUL induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation on rat thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta, and that RPL and RUL roots have more potent effects than the leaves.