• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.166-170
• /
• 2019

Objectives: Attentional and memory functions are important aspects of neural plasticity that, theoretically, should be amenable to pharmacopuncture treatments. A previous study from our laboratory suggested that quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) measurements of theta/beta ratio (TBR), an index of attentional control, may be indicative of academic performance in a first-semester medical school course. The present study expands our prior report by extracting and analyzing data on frontal theta and beta asymmetries. We test the hypothesis that the amount of frontal theta and beta asymmetries (fTA, fBA), are correlated with TBR and academic performance, thereby providing novel targets for pharmacopuncture treatments to improve cognitive performance. Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers were subjected to 5-10 min of qEEG measurements under eyes-closed conditions. The qEEG measurements were performed 3 days before each of first two block examinations in anatomy-physiology, separated by five weeks. Amplitudes of the theta and beta waveforms, expressed in ${\mu}V$, were used to compute TBR, fTA and fBA. Significance of changes in theta and beta EEG wave amplitude was assessed by ANOVA with post-hoc t-testing. Correlations between TBR, fTA, fBA and the raw examination scores were evaluated by Pearson's product-moment coefficients and linear regression analysis. Results: fTA and fBA were found to be negatively correlated with TBR (P<0.03, P<0.05, respectively) and were positively correlated with the second examination score (P<0.03, P=0.1, respectively). Conclusion: Smaller fTA and fBA were associated with lower academic performance in the second of two first-semester medical school anatomy-physiology block examination. Future studies should determine whether these qEEG metrics are useful for monitoring changes associated with the brain's cognitive adaptations to academic challenges, for predicting academic performance and for targeting phamacopuncture treatments to improve cognitive performance.

• 한국지리정보학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.146-154
• /
• 2019

현재까지 많은 노력을 통해 정밀도로지도를 구축하고 활용하기 위한 시스템을 개발하여 적용 중에 있으며, 최근 도로변화에 대한 신속 변화 및 지도 갱신 시스템 개발을 통해 정밀도로 지도의 갱신을 신속히 하기 위한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 정밀도로지도는 자율주행 안전을 위해 지도의 무결성 및 정확성이 요구되어지며, 이를 위해 국토지리정보원(2018)에서는 검사 방법을 만들어 확인하고 있다. 마찬가지로 갱신된 정밀도로지도 품질을 확보할 수 있도록 관련 기술의 기준 및 평가방법이 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 자율주행을 위한 도로변화 신속 탐지 및 갱신기술을 분석하고 통합 품질 검증을 위한 평가기준과 항목을 선정하였다. 평가 항목은 위치정확도와 판독정확도로 정하고, 선정한 평가기준을 바탕으로 실시간 변화탐지 및 정밀지도의 갱신 기술에 대한 평가방법을 제시하였다. 향후 본 연구 결과를 통해 자율차의 안전주행을 지원하는 정밀도로지도의 품질확보에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.470-478
• /
• 2019

국내 방산분야의 기술적 성장과 수출 증대가 괄목함에 따라, 국가안보적 위협을 방지하기 위한 방위산업 분야 기술보호의 중요성이 강조되고 있으므로 기술보호 제도의 확립 및 수행이 필요하다. 특히 무기 시스템으로부터 중요기술을 불법으로 탈취하는 Tampering 시도에 대응하기 위한 Anti-Tampering 기법의 도입 필요성이 대두되고 있으나, 아직까지는 관련제도가 갖춰지지 않았고 기술자료 유출 예방 위주 수준의 활동이 이루어지고 있다. 선행연구로서 특정 기술 보호기법에 대한 기술적 연구와 동향 분석, 일부 절차를 적용한 Anti-Tampering 적용방안 등이 발표되었으며, 최근에는 위험관리 절차를 기반으로 보호대상 기술을 선정하는 방법이 연구되었다. 하지만 기존 연구들은 무기 시스템의 Life-cycle 차원에서 획득 프로세스와 연계하기에 용이하지 않거나, 실제로 개발 및 평가에서 활용하기는 어려운 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하는 한 방법으로, 본 논문에서는 Anti-Tampering 적용이 결정된 무기 시스템의 개발에 직접적으로 활용될 수 있는 Anti-Tampering 요구사항의 도출에 대하여 연구하였다. 구체적으로, 암호 모듈의 개발 및 검증에 적용되는 CMVP 표준인 ISO/IEC 19790을 기반으로 무기 시스템 개발에 필요한 요구사항 항목들을 도출하였으며, 기술검토회의 및 시험평가 등에서의 활용방안을 제시하였다. 귀납적 추론 및 비교평가를 통해 연구결과의 유용성을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과들을 활용하면, 국내개발 무기 시스템의 본격적인 기술보호 활동 수행에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.242-251
• /
• 2019

Background: Korean Red Ginseng has been widely used in traditional oriental medicine for a prolonged period, and its pharmacological effects have been extensively investigated. In addition, Angelica gigas and deer antlers were also used as a tonic medicine with Korean Red Ginseng as the oriental herbal therapy. Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential toxicological effect of KGC-HJ3, Korean Red Ginseng with angelica gigas and deer antlers, on reproductive and developmental functions including fertility, early embryonic development, maternal function, and embryo-fetal development. KGC-HJ3 was administered by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats (22 animals per sex per group) at dose levels of 0 mg/kg (control), 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg to evaluate the potential toxicological effect on fertility and early embryonic development. In addition, KGC-HJ3 was also administered by oral gavage to mating-proven Sprague-Dawley rats (22 females per group) during the major organogenesis period at dose levels of 0 mg/kg (control), 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg to evaluate the potential toxicological effect on maternal function and embryo-fetal development. Results and conclusion: No test item-related changes in parameters for fertility, early embryonic development, maternal function, and embryo-fetal development were observed during the study period. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that KGC-HJ3 did not have toxicological potential on developmental and reproductive functions. Therefore, no observed adverse effect levels of KGC-HJ3 for fertility, early embryonic development, maternal function, and embryo-fetal development is considered to be at least 2000 mg/kg/day.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권12호
• /
• pp.1879-1885
• /
• 2021

Objective: Owing to the lack of a breeding index for efficient and quick fertility evaluations of Holstein bulls when using traditional or genome-wide detection methods, this study aimed to determine whether in vitro fertilization (IVF) could be used as an indicator of conception rate of artificial insemination (AI). Methods: Conventional and sexed frozen semen from nine bulls were used for IVF and AI. Results: The IVF and AI conception rates of each bull were confirmed to be positively correlated between the conventional frozen and sexed frozen semen. The correlation coefficient R values of nine bulls between IVF and AI methods were 0.73 and 0.97 for the conventional frozen and sexed frozen semen, respectively. The average conception rate of three bulls undergoing AI was 69.5% and 64.2%, 61.8% and 58.8%, and 48.2% and 46.2% in first-, second-, and third-born cows when conventional frozen and sexed frozen semen were used, respectively, which showed a positive correlation with the fertilization rate in the same parity. We propose an evaluation standard to assess the fertilization ability of bulls based on their IVF test results, which is categorized into three grades: grade one, normal fertility bull with an AI conception rate of 40%±5% and IVF rate of 45% to 60%; grade two, higher fertility bull with an AI conception rate of 50%±5% and IVF rate of 61% to 80%; and grade three, highest fertility bull with an AI conception rate of 60%±5% and IVF rate of >80%. Conclusion: These findings reveal that IVF results can be used as a breeding index for bulls to evaluate their AI conception ability, which may shorten the time required to select bulls for breeding.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.367-375
• /
• 2020

Background: Intraosseous anesthesia (IO) allows the anesthetic solution to be injected directly into the cancellous bone. The anesthetic solution immediately reaches the periapical region, and thus the axonal area of the nerve, where it can temporarily disable the sodium pump. The effect is felt almost without any time delay, and only a small amount of anesthetic solution is required. Methods: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of IO using the AnestoⓇ device after infiltration anesthesia (IA) and/or inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia (IANB) failed to work in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (hot tooth). The 33 patients included in the study were treated additionally with 1.7 ml articaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 epinephrine hydrochloride (UltracainⓇ D-S, Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt, Germany) IO. Results: The electrical pulp test showed that 95.76% of the volunteers reacted positively to the combination of IANB or IA with the IO. In women, the additive IO was effective at 97.22%. In men, the IO led to pain elimination in 94.00% of cases. The duration of the IO was less than a quarter of an hour (13.03 min). The IO worked longer in women than in men (13.61 min vs. 12.33 min). Overall, more than every third tooth that needed trepanation was located in the posterior area of the mandible (36.4%). Treatment of hot teeth in this area was associated with an increased pulse rate and increased residual pain. There was a moderate correlation (Spearman-Rho [IRI] = 0.280) between the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score and bone density, and a significant correlation (IRI = 0.612) between subjective residual pain and bone width. The IO resulted in a moderate, transient increase in the pulse rate by approximately 20 bpm. This is similar to the temporary increase in heart rate after conventional anesthesia techniques in non-preloaded patients and can be considered clinically irrelevant. Conclusion: IO with the AnestoⓇ device as an extension and deepening of local pain elimination is recommended for the treatment of hot teeth.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.64-77
• /
• 2021

Objective: Biological monitoring of trace elements in human blood samples has become an important indicator of the health environment. The purpose of this study was to detect and evaluate multiple metal items in blood samples based on ICP-MS, to perform comparative evaluation with the existing analysis method, and to develop and verify a new method. Methods: 100 μL of whole blood from 80 healthy subjects was used to analyze ten metals (Sb, tAs, Cd, Pb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Tl) using ICP-MS. Verification of the analysis method included calculation of linearity, accuracy, precision and detection limits. In addition, a comparative test with the conventional graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS) method was performed. In the case of Pb, Cd, and Hg in whole blood, cross-analysis between Pb, Cd, and Hg analysis methods was performed to confirm the difference between the existing method and the new method (ICP-MS). Results: The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.999 or higher in seven items and 0.995 or higher in three items. The Pb result showed that Pearson's correlation coefficient was very high at 0.983, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.966. The Cd result showed that Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.917 between the existing method and the new analysis concentration value. Its intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.960, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Hg had a low correlation at 0.687, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.761, which was lower than that of Pb and Cd. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy of Pd and Cd were satisfactory, but Hg did not meet the criteria for both accuracy and precision when compared with the conventional analysis method. Conclusion: This study can be meaningful in that it proposes a more efficient and feasible analysis method by verifying a blood heavy metal concentration experiment using multiple simultaneous analyses. All samples were processed and analyzed using the new ICP-MS. It was confirmed that the agreement between the two methods was very high, with the agreement between the current and new methods being 0.769 to 0.998. This study proposes an efficient simultaneous methodology capable of analyzing multiple elements with small samples. In the future, studies of various applications and the reliability of ICP-MS analysis methods are required, and research on the verification of accurate, precise, and continuous analysis methods is required.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.580-586
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 trienzyme 추출 및 L. casei 분석법을 국내 다양한 수산 자원의 엽산 분석에 적용하기 위해 분석수행지표(직선성, 민감성, 정확성, 정밀성)를 분석 평가하여 분석법의 유효성을 검증하였다. 분석법의 검출한계(LOD)와 정량한계(LOQ)는 각각 0.562 ㎍/100 g와 1.057 ㎍/100 g으로 엽산 함량이 낮은 식품에 적용할 수 있는 분석법으로 나타났다. 시료 중 엽산 함량에 대한 L. casei 생육 관계는 다항식 모델(y=4-1.132/((1+X/0.0502)1.02)+1.26)로 분석한 결과 R2=1.0000을 나타내는 우수한 상관성을 얻었다. 또한, 분석법의 정확성과 정밀성이 우수한 수준임을 확인할 수 있었으며, 수산 자원 6개 군별에 따른 엽산 회수율 분석에서도 약 87-108%의 신뢰도가 확보된 회수율을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 분석한 수산자원 20종의 엽산 함량분석 및 검증 데이터는 국내 수산 자원에 대한 신뢰도 있는 데이터베이스 구축 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 한국은 삼면이 바다로 인접된 지리적 특성으로 인하여 일상 식단에서 다양한 수산 자원이 자주 이용되고 있는 바 trienzyme-L. casei 분석법을 향후 수산 자원의 엽산 함량 분석에 확대 적용하여 국가수준의 영양성분데이터베이스 구축에 기여할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.316-324
• /
• 2021

Background: Korea Red Ginseng (KRG) has been used as remedies with hepato-protective effects in liver-related condition. Microbiota related gut-liver axis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. We evaluated the effect of KRG on gut-liver axis in patients with nonalcoholic statohepatitis by the modulation of gut-microbiota. Methods: A total of 94 patients (KRG: 45 and placebo: 49) were prospectively randomized to receive KRG (2,000 mg/day, ginsenoside Rg1+Rb1+Rg3 4.5mg/g) or placebo during 30 days. Liver function test, cytokeraton 18, and fatigue score were measured. Gut microbiota was analyzed by MiSeq systems based on 16S rRNA genes. Results: In KRG group, the mean levels (before vs. after) of aspartate aminotransferase (53 ± 19 vs. 45 ± 23 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (75 ± 40 vs. 64 ± 39 IU/L) and fatigue score (33 ± 13 vs. 26 ± 13) were improved (p < 0.05). In placebo group, only fatigue score (34 ± 13 vs. 31 ± 15) was ameliorated (p < 0.05). The changes of phyla were not statistically significant on both groups. In KRG group, increased abundance of Lactobacillus was related with improved alanine aminotransferase level and increased abundance of Clostridium and Intestinibacter was associated with no improvement after KRG supplementation. In placebo group, increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae could be related with aggravation of liver enzyme (p < 0.05). Conclusion: KRG effectively improved liver enzymes and fatigue score by modulating gut-microbiota in patients with fatty liver disease. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of improvement of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ClnicalTrials.gov: NCT03945123 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov).

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제100권2호
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 산돌배나무 잎에서 추출한 분획물의 항암 및 항균효과를 조사하여 화장품소재로 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 수행하였다. 산돌배나무 잎을 채취하여 건조시킨 후 분쇄하여 60% acetone-$H_{2}O$(6:4, v/v)로 추출하고 아세톤 가용부를 분획하여 동결건조 시켰다. 아세톤 및 물 가용부를 Sephadex LH-20으로 충진한 칼럼에서 MeOH을 용출용매로 사용하여 칼럼크로마토그래피를 실시하고 또한 MeOH를 전개용매로 사용한 MIC-gel을 이용했다. 단리된 화합물들은 silica-gel TLC로 확인하였다. 항암효과는 마우스 피부암 세포(B16F10)를 이용한 MTT assay로 측정했다. 산돌배나무 잎으로부터 얻어진 분획물의 암세포 생장 저해율은 80% 이상의 저해률을 보였다. 항균활성 실험에서 산돌배나무 잎의 분획물은 그람양성균인 Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis에 대하여 0.25 mg/disc에서 1.3 cm, 2 cm의 생육 저해환을 나타내었다. 그람음성균인 Escherichia coli 에 대하여 0.5 mg/disc에서 각 분획물들은 1.1 cm~1.5 cm의 생육 저해환을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 산돌배나무 잎의 아세톤 분획물은 항암 및 항균효과를 가진 천연소재임을 확인할 수 있었다.