• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2003

The objective of the paper is to compute the half-month rainfall-runoff erosivity factor for revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). RUSLE is being used to develop soil conservation programs and identify optimum management practices. Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R) is a key input parameter to RUSLE. Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor has been calculated for twenty six stations from the nationwide rainfall data from 1973 to 2002 in south Korea. The average annual Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor at the analyzed stations Is between 3,130 and 10,476 (MJ/ha)ㆍ(mm/h). According to the computation of the half-month Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor for locations, 66-85% of the average annual R value has occurred during the summer months, June-August. The half-month R values from this study can be used for RUSLE.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제60권6호
• /
• pp.1523-1537
• /
• 2023

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and S a multiplicative subset of R. First, we introduce and study the u-S-projective dimension and u-S-injective dimension of an R-module, and then explore the u-S-global dimension u-S-gl.dim(R) of a commutative ring R, i.e., the supremum of u-S-projective dimensions of all R-modules. Finally, we investigate u-S-global dimensions of factor rings and polynomial rings.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 1999

강원도 경사지 토양의 토양 유실량을 산정하기 위하여 사용되고 있는 토양 유실 예측 공식의 새로운 모델인 RUSLE를 이용하기 위하여, 강원도의 산지, 고령지 평지 및 동해안 지대에 대한 지역별 강수 인자와 토양 인자를 산출하였다. 강수 인자 R 값은 평균 405.1로 251~601의 범위를 보였다. 강수인자는 지역별로 차이가 있었다. 고령지인 대관령에서 R 값이 409이며, 중산간지대인 인제와 홍천에서 370~493, 그리고 평지인 원주와 춘천에서의 R 값은 수원과 비슷한 505~601이었다. 동해안 지대인 속초, 강릉 그리고 삼척 등지에서는 251~368이었다. 고령지나 산간지의 R값은 평지 보다 낮고, 영동 지역은 영서지역 보다 낮다. 겨울 기간 중 동결과 융설을 고려한 R 값은 영서 지역에서 7%이하를 보였으나, 영동지역과 대관령 지역에서는 12~30%로 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 토양 인자 K 값은 표층토가 평균 0.21이었으며, 0.06에서 0.42의 범위를 보이고 있다. K값이 가장 낮은 토양은 유기물 함량이 높은 오대통과 월정통이며, K 값이 가장 높은 토양은 이 목통으로 실트의 함량이 높고 유기물 함량이 적은 토양이다. 심토의 평균 K값은 0.28로, 0.07에서 0.45의 범위를 보인다. 이는 표층토 보다 1.3배 높은 값이며, 표층토가 유실되어 심층토가 노출되면 토양 유실은 많아질 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 자갈의 피복 효과와 투수에 대한 영향을 고려하였을 때 K 값은 평균 0.18이었으며, 0.03에서 0.33의 범위를 보여 자갈의 영향을 고려하지 않은 경우 보다 15% 낮은 값을 갖는다. 심토가 동결된 상태에서의 K 값은 평균 0.33으로 동결되지 않은 토양의 1.6배로 평가된다. 조사된 평균 R 값과 K 값을 토양 유실예측 공식에 적용한 결과 강원도 경사지 밭토양에서 년간 14.6 MT 토양 유실을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 토양 유실을 줄일 수 있는 토양 관리 방안은 여러 가지가 있겠으나, 우선 고려해야 할 것이 토양유실이 적게 일어나는 작부 체계를 강구해야 한다. 키가 큰 옥수수를 단작하는 경우 C값이 높으나, 키가 작고 지면 피복이 (정 등. 1985). 목초의 경우는 0.08이므로, 경사도가 높아 보전 작물로 바람직하다. 효과적인 토양의 관리법으로 지표에 식물의 잔재물 등에 의 한 피복 효과를 극대화하는 방법이다. 특히 작물을 수확하고 난 후, 겨울 기간 동안 나지 상태로 방치하는 것은 해동기의 토양 유실을 가속화하게 된다. 특히 강원도의 산간지에서는 해동기의 토양 유실이 심할 가능성이 있으므로 겨울 동안의 피복 작물 재배 방법이 강구 되어야 한다.

• Fibers and Polymers
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.398-403
• /
• 2006

Dimensional constants (k values) of single jersey fabrics made from $LincLITE^{(R)}$ and conventional yams are calculated under dry, steam, full relaxation treatments. Fabrics were made under different tightness factors such as high, medium and low with different twist factors, twist directions and feeder blending. $LincLITE^{(R)}$ yarns made to get soft and bulkier effects with yam count of 39 tex and conventional yams made into 39 tex and 48 tex yam counts. Various effects on K values are analysed using correlation coefficients. K-values are increased with relaxation progression and have shown some differences between in $LincLITE^{(R)}$ and conventional fabrics, and feeder blended fabrics. Loop shape factor is highly affected by tightness factor, relaxation and feeder blending in $LincLITE^{(R)}$ fabrics, whereas twist factor not significantly effects on loop shape factor in conventional fabrics. Stitch density significantly increases with relaxation in conventional fabrics and no significant effect shows with $LincLITE^{(R)}$ fabrics.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 유기절연재료 전자세라믹 방전플라즈마 연구회
• /
• pp.157-160
• /
• 2001

We have investigated the Dielectric and Piezoelectric properties of $xPb(R_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3-(1-x)Pb(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$ (R=Al,Y) solid solutions in which R ions are substituted for Al and Y ions. The maximum value of electromechanical coupling factor kp of 55% and 51% were obtained at the composition of 5mol% PAT and 5mol% PYT. However mechanical quality factor$(Q_m)$ had a minimum value of 44 and 69 at the composition of 5mol% PAT and 5mol% PYT. Also, the maximum value of piezoelectctric constant of $d_{33}(329[pC/N])$ and $d_{33}(310[pC/N])$ were obtained at the composition of 5mol% PAT and 5mol% PYT.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.39-61
• /
• 1999

This thesis is attempted to ananlyze the relationship between the empowerment in the nursing work environment, the job-related personal charateristics and the nursing job performance according to the individual variables of hospital, age, experience, education, position, practice area, number of nurses in the practice area, number of beds. 'Opportunity', 'support', 'informantion', ,resource' are used as structural factors of empowerment suggested by Kanter's theory of structural power in organization, and 'self-efficacy', 'burnout', 'motivation', 'organizational commitment' are defined as four job-related personal charateristics. The ultimate goal of this study is to find out the work effectiveness of the structural factors of empowerment and the job-related personal charateristics. The basic data consists of two sets of questionaires. One is the self-reporting quetionaires for the staff nurses and the other one is questionaires answered by nursing managers. The latter is designed to objectively measure the job performance. A total of 523 items of data are collected randomly from nursing population of 7 different university teaching hospitals in Seoul metropolitan area. The data were analyzed mainly using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis. ANOVA, and Duncan test according to the various purposes of the analysis. The main results of this study are as follows : 1. The mean score of four structural empowerment factors are ranked by support, opportunity, resource, and information. And among the four job-related personal charateristics self-efficacy factor shows especially high score. 2. The results of the correlation analysis between the empowerment factors and the job-related personal charateristics are as follow: 1) The 'opportunity' factor is correlated with organizational commitment' (r=.37), 'motivation' (r=.36), 'burnout' (r=-.17), and (r=.09). 2) The 'information' factor is correlated with 'organizational commitment' (r=.44), 'motivation' (r=.39), 'burnout' (r=-.24), and 'self-efficacy' (r=.17), 3) The 'support' factor is correlated with 'organizational commitment' (r=.47). 'motivation' (r=.42), 'burnout' (r=-.24), and 'self-efficacy (r=.20), 4) The 'resource' factor is correlated with 'burnout' (r=-.28), 'organizational commitment' (r=.26), and 'motivation' (r=.26), 3. The job performance are correlated with 'motivation' (r=.24) , 'self-efficacy' (r=.16), 'burnout' (r=-.16) and 'organizational commitment' (r=.12), 4. The job performance are correlated with' support' (r=.17), 'information' (r=.12) 'opportunity' (r=.10), 5. The result of ANOVA for analysing the relationship between the structural factors of empowerment and individual variables shows that the level of empowerment are significantly different by the variables such as 'hospital' and 'the number of beds in the practice area'. In summary, there were several findings in this study, First, the structural factors of empowerment defined as opportunity, support, information are significantly correalted with the job-related personal charateristics that are supposed to relate to the level of job performance. These results support the basic hypothesis suggested by Kanter's theory and implies that for improving the job performance of nurses, hospital has to have more concern about the structural factors of nursing environment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2008

Experimental results for forced convection condensation of Refrigerant-22 and ternary Refrigerant-407C(HFC-32/125/134a 23/25/52 wt%) which is being considered as a substitute R-22 inside a horizontal micro-fin tube are presented. The test section was horizontal double-tube counterflow condenser with a length 4,000 mm micro-fin tube, having 8.53 mm ID, 0.2 mm fin height and 60 fins. The range of parameters of mass velocity were varied from 102.1 to 301.0 kg/(m2.s) and inlet quality 1.0. At the given experimental conditions. the average heat transfer coefficients for R-407C were lower than that for R-22 at a micro-fin tube. Over the mass velocity range tested. the PF(penalty factor) for R-22, R-407C were lower than the increasing ratio of heat transfer area by fins, and the EF(enhancement factor) for R-22, R-407C were higher than the increasing ratio of heat transfer area by fins.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 1984

This article examined relationships between selected variables, such as demographic background, care, treatment variables, environmental characteristics, and patient's daily behavior and mood change. Relationship were determined between independent variabltherapeutic-rapeutie approach, demographic data, environmental management approach-,and dependent variable-patient's daily behavioral and mood change. 35 patients selected within some criteria in a psychiatric ward, were obserbed during 5 weeks by use of Wyatt's Behavior & Mood Rating Scale ac-cording to the object of the study. At the same time, the frequence of the care and treatment were collected. Criteria for sample selection and independent variables as an influential factor to the patient behavioral change, based on a literature revienw and clinical experiences. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the influfntial factors to the patient behavioral change. Systematic reading (r=.8324), Psychiatrist's individual interview (r=.5764), tranquilizer (r=.3441) and hospitalization processing date (r=.4143) were related with patient's behavioral change. That is these 4 variables can be said to influence to the patient's behavior and mood. A stepwise multiple regression analysis of the effect of the independent varibles of systematic reading, psychintrists individual interview, tranquilizer and hospitalization processing date on the dependent variable, patient's behavioral change was carried out. Systematic reading with on R²of. 69 revealed to be the main influential factor to the patient's behavior and mood change, as the next factor psychiatrist individual interview. A total inclusion of these factors revealed a 73% prediction for the patient's behavior and mood change. But the most influential factor was the interaction of the systematic reading and psychiatrist's individual interview.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2021

Peptides are short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They are widely used as effective and biocompatible active ingredients in cosmetic industry. In this study, we developed novel peptide mixture and identified its anti-pigmentation effect on melanocytes and keratinocytes. Our results revealed that peptide mixture inhibited melanosome biogenesis through the regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a key factor of melanogenesis in melanocytes. And we observed that peptide mixture inhibited melanosome uptake through the reduction of protease-activated receptor 2, a phagocytosis-related receptor in keratinocytes. Furthermore, peptide mixture activated autophagy system resulting in degradation of transferred melanosomes in keratinocytes. The anti-pigmentation effect of multi-targeting peptide mixture was assessed in a human skin equivalent model (MelanoDerm). Melanin contents in epidermal layer were significantly decreased by topical treatment of peptide mixture, suggesting that it can be applied as a novel cosmetics material having a whitening function.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제60권5호
• /
• pp.1281-1293
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between the structure of a factor ring R/P and the behavior of some derivations of R. More precisely, we establish a connection between the commutativity of R/P and derivations of R satisfying specific identities involving the prime ideal P. Moreover, we provide an example to show that our results cannot be extended to semi-prime ideals.