• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2006

We propose a damascene gate FinFET with Si nanocrystals implemented on bulk silicon wafer for low voltage flash memory device. The use of optimized SRON (Silicon-Rich Oxynitride) process allows a high degree of control of the Si excess in the oxide. The FinFET with Si nanocrystals shows high program/erase (P/E) speed, large $V_{TH}$ shifts over 2.5V at 12V/$10{\mu}s$ for program and -12V/1ms for erase, good retention time, and acceptable endurance characteristics. Si nanocrystal memory with damascene gate FinFET is a solution of gate stack and voltage scaling for future generations of flash memory device. Index Terms-FinFET, Si-nanocrystal, SRON(Si-Rich Oxynitride), flash memory device.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
• /
• 2016.09a
• /
• pp.41-43
• /
• 2016

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.191-194
• /
• 2008

The antagonistic activity of probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12, Bifidobacterium bifidum A, Bifidobacterium longum B6, Lactobacillus acidophilus ADH, Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 25598, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) against nalidixic acid resistant ($NA^R$) Escherichia coli O157:H7 MF1847, E. coli O157:H7 H2439, E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43894, and E. coli O157:H7 C7927 was investigated using the agar-overlay, well diffusion, and broth culture tests. L. paracasei ATCC 25598 was the most effective probiotic strain in terms of in vitro antagonistic activity against $NA^R$ E. coli O157:H7, followed by L. rhamnosus GG, B. longum B6, and L. acidophilus ADH. The use of selected probiotic strains could be an effective pre-harvest intervention strategy to reduce the risk of $NA^R$ E. coli O157:H7 by maintaining a balanced microflora in animals and might provide many potential benefits in lieu of using antimicrobials.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.141-144
• /
• 2006

An antibody layer was fabricated to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7. The micropattern of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (16-MHDA) as alkylthiolate was formed on the gold surface by using the PDMS stamp with microcontact printing $({\mu}CP)$ techniques. In order to form antibody patterns on the template, protein G was chemically bound to the 16-MHDA patterns, and antibody was adsorbed on a self-assembled protein G layer. The formation of the 16-MHDA micropattern, self-assembled protein G layer and antibody pattern on Au substrate was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. Finally, the micropatterning method was applied to fabricate the antibody probe for detection of E. coli O157:H7, and monitoring of antigen by using this probe was successfully achieved.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.2952-2960
• /
• 2011

The railway safety in Koreaisthreatenedduetotherestructuring of the railway industries, introduction of the Korea Train eXpress (KTX) and electrification of the conventional lines. Many technical backgrounds are required to control railway accidents as low as reasonably practicable, such as a railway safety act, safety standards, and safety assessment infrastructures. Korean government and the Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI) are conducting an integrated R&D program for improvement of the railway safety, where the target is to reduce the accident fatalities by half. The program is composed of three parts; the safety system engineering and the program management, the establishment of a safety management system, and the development of techniques for assessing and preventing major railway accidents. Details of the research programs are explained in this paper, where risk is used as the major control measure.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.44.1-44.1
• /
• 2014

최근 연구에서 발디 등은 우주론적 축퇴라는 이슈를 부각시켰다. 우주론적 축퇴는 실제 우주가 다수의 대안 우주론을 동시에 복합적으로 가질 때 거대 구조를 이용한 기존의 통계적인 방법만으로 우주론을 단정적으로 구별해 내기 충분치 않다는 것을 의미한다. 이 연구에서는 초은하단 스파인(spine)의 비크기(specific size)가 우주론적 축퇴를 완화할 수 있는지 조사하였다. f(R) 중력과 무거운 중성미자가 동시에 복합적으로 적용되는 다체 수치실험의 헤일로들을 분석한 결과, f(R) 중력이 비크기에 미치는 영향을 최대한으로 억제하는 ${\sum}_im_{{\nu}_i}$의 값이 기존의 통계적인 방법들에서 얻은 값과 다름을 확인하였다. 더 나아가 z=0.3 이상의 높은 적색편이에서는 f(R) 중력과 ${\sum}_im_{{\nu}_i}$ 조합한 모든 우주에서의 초은하단 평균 비크기가 표준 우주론인 ${\Lambda}$ CDM과 통계적으로 유의미하게 달라지는 것을 확인하였다. (arXiv:1404.3639v1)

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.262-264
• /
• 2000

This paper presents an effect of UPFC to the power system analysis. UPFC is equivalently represented as a synchronous condenser and load, while the active and reactive power of the specific transmission line and the voltage of the bus is scheduled appropriately. This procedure is implemented by IPLAN which is an application program in PSS/E. The simulation results show that UPFC is very effective to control the transmission line over-load and bus voltage variation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.965-977
• /
• 2021

The study aimed to analyze the functional differences in 3D virtual garment programs and compare body scan data with the corresponding 3D virtual models. We selected 3D virtual garment programs, formed virtual models in a representative size for high-school male cyclists, and analyzed them using the Design-X program. The results were as follows. In the 3D virtual garment programs, the anthropometric items for virtual model forming differed significantly from the standard anthropometric items suggested by Size Korea. Comparing the lower body scan data and virtual models formed by the 3D virtual garment programs, the biggest difference was in the shapes of the waist and hips, i.e., the flatness values of the waist and hips were different for each program in the cross-section view. In the lower body, a data-input-based program was needed for changing the exact measurement position of the waist circumference and hips' shape in detail. If a 3D virtual garment program provides functions for the virtual model's joint angle input and free motion transformation, it is expected to be widely used in the sportswear industry.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.167-178
• /
• 2014

We search for misclassified type 1 AGNs among type 2 AGNs identified with emission line flux ratios, and investigate the properties of the sample. Using 4 113 local type 2 AGNs at 0.02 < z < 0.05 selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we detected a broad component of the $H{\alpha}$ line with a Full-Width at Half-Maximum (FWHM) ranging from 1 700 to $19090km\;s^{-1}$ for 142 objects, based on the spectral decomposition and visual inspection. The fraction of the misclassified type 1 AGNs among type 2 AGN sample is ~3.5%, implying that a large number of missing type 1 AGN population may exist. The misclassified type 1 AGNs have relatively low luminosity with a mean broad $H{\alpha}$ luminosity, log $L_{H\alpha}=40.50{\pm}0.35\;erg\;s^{-1}$, while black hole mass of the sample is comparable to that of the local black hole population, with a mean black hole mass, log $M_{BH}=6.94{\pm}0.51\;M_{\odot}$. The mean Eddington ratio of the sample is log $L_{bol}/L_{Edd}=-2.00{\pm}0.40$, indicating that black hole activity is relatively weak, hence, AGN continuum is too weak to change the host galaxy color. We find that the O III lines show significant velocity offsets, presumably due to outflows in the narrow-line region, while the velocity offset of the narrow component of the $H{\alpha}$ line is not prominent, consistent with the ionized gas kinematics of general type 1 AGN population.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.149-151
• /
• 2005

We have studied the environmental effect on optical-NIR color gradients of 273 nearby elliptical galaxies. Color gradient is a good tool to study the evolutionary history of elliptical galaxies, since the steepness of the color gradient reflects merging history of early types. When an elliptical galaxy goes through many merging events, the color gradient can be get less steep or reversed due to mixing of stars. One simple way to measure color gradient is to compare half-light radii in different bands. We have compared the optical and near infrared half-light radii of 273 early-type galaxies from Pahre (1999). Not surprisingly, we find that $r_e(V)s$ (half-light radii measured in V-band) are in general larger than $r_e(K)s$ (half-light radii measured in K-band). However, when divided into different environments, we find that elliptical galaxies in the denser environment have gentler color gradients than those in the less dense environment. Our finding suggests that elliptical galaxies in the dense environment have undergone many merging events and the mixing of stars through the merging have created the gentle color gradients.