• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.8-18
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• 2012

1. Objectives : This study aimed to assessing the reliability of questionnaire for Japanese as one of method to diagnose Sasang Constitution and evaluating the possibility of applying domestic questionnaire to foreign site. 2. Methods : A cross-sectional survey approved by IRB (Independent Review Board) at Tohoku University was performed for 119 participants with informed consent at a particular city in Japan using self-reported questionnaires developed by KIOM (Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine). Among the entire samples, 112 were retested. The test-retest reliability was assessed by Kappa for normal variables and internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. 3. Results : Four of 77 questions are impossible to calculate consistency owing to unsymmetric matrix between primary reply and secondary one. Seventeen of them (22%) showed 0.4 or below in Kappa, 56 were ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 and no question marked 0.8 or over. Internal consistency was possibly checked for several questions about character, digestion, sweat, excrement, urine, cold-heat pattern. Cronbach's alpha for questions except urine and cold-heat pattern was over 0.6 4. Conclusions : On the basis of Kappa value by two self reported questionnaire, 72.7% of questions showed 0.4 or over so that reliability were highly secured. And other questions except for urine and heat-cold pattern marked 0.6 or over in order that internal consistency was also successfully maintained. Accordingly, when subsequently applying KIOM questionnaire to foreign site, domestic questionnaire should be properly adjusted in social and cultural background, lifestyle, etc.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.112-125
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• 2017

Objectives : The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is 10-40% worldwide and there are many demands for Traditionl Medicine (TM) treatment for AR. Pattern identification (PI) is essential process in diagnosis and treatment of TM, however, objective assessment measurement for PI of AR in TM is lacked. Methods : PI questionnaire for AR was developed in 2008 by specialists in the department of Otolaryngology of TM, based on systemic and nasal symptoms and signs. However, that questionnaire had many problems in application to clinical practice and has since been revised based on several studies and delphi method. Consequently, the PI questionnaire for AR version 3.0 has been developed. Results & Conclusions : This questionnaire classifies patients with AR as possessing lung-heat, lung-cold, or spleen qi deficiency based on nasal symptoms and general conditions of AR patients. This is first questionnaire for pattern identification of AR. We plan to conduct a validation and reliability study, and revise the questionnaire based on the results of this study.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.805-811
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and learning attitude according to smoking experience in the middle school students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 608 middle school students in Gyeongnam from July 1 to 23, 2013. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, smoking behavior, self-efficacy, and learning attitude. The questionnaire was adapted and modified from Kang, Park, and Koh. The self-efficacy was divided into general efficacy and social efficacy. The learning attitude was divided into attention concentration, learning method, and self learning. Data were analyzed using SPSS Win 21.0 program. Results: The nonsmoking students tended to have higher general efficacy and social efficacy than the smokers (p<0.01). The nonsmokers had more attention concentration in learning attitude than the smokers (p<0.001). The learning method (p<0.001) and self learning (p<0.001) showed the same results between the two groups. The smoking experience had the negative correlation with general efficacy (r=-0.164) and social efficacy(r=-0.154). The general efficacy is positively related to social efficacy (r=0.568). The smoking experience had the negative correlation to attention concentration (r=-0.235), learning method (r=-0.211) and self learning (r=-0.148). The attention concentration was positive relation with learning method (r=0.690) and self learning(r=0.662. The learning method had positive relation to self learning (r=0.764). Conclusions: The smoking students tended to have lower self-efficacy and learning attitude, so it is necessary to implement the smoking prevention program in the middle school students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.175-188
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• 2012

The purpose of this study were to explore teaching method for scientific inquiry including scientific argumentation to increase students' scientific literacy. For this study, the detailed guideline including assessment frame for students' argumentation was developed and applied to seventh and ninth grade students. From this application, data were collected from the students' views by pre, post questionnaire and the teachers who had taught to their students by questionnaire including students' attitudes change and applicability. From this study, the result were following. The change of students' perceptions was revealed by questionnaire and the teachers' description. And the applicability of this teaching method was indicated by the teachers' opinion. From these findings, the method was found as applicable teaching method to teach scientific inquiry including scientific argumentation in school science.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.548-558
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a computer software program for nutritional assessment using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQs) and the 24-hour Recall Method. The software for the SQFFQ was divided into input, output, and database. For dietary analyses, recipe and food databases were used. The recipe database included 25 items and the food database was divided into 18 food groups. The food database was composed of 19 general nutrient items, 33 fatty acids, and 18 amino acids. The software developed in this study can be summarized as follows: 1) input items related to the individual s ages information, lifestyle, biological values, and dietary habits; 2) individualized data in percent of the Korean RDA, the energy ratios of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the ratio of animal to plant source intakes, and the distribution of food group intakes; 3) Statistical data on the individual's information, lifestyle, biological values, and dietary intakes including the frequency of intake of cooked foods, the amounts of food, and the number of food groups, and nutrients. In the 24-hour Recall Method, the input and output consisted of the individual s information and cooked dish intakes. The individual s report included the amounts of nutrient intake according to number of meal and days, in comparison to the Korean RDA, the energy ratio for carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the ratio of animal to plant source intakes, and the distribution of food group intakes. The statistical report presented the number of food groups and foods, and the nutrient intakes. To evaluate the validity of the SQFFQ, the Spearman Rank Order Correlation and kappa values were used. As a result, correlation coefficients comparing the 24-hour Recall Method appeared to be more than 0.5, except for vitamin $B_1, B_2$, niacin, and vitamin E. The kappa values for energy and carbohydrate intakes were both 0.7, and protein, fat, vitamin C, folate, Ca, and iron intakes ranged from 0.3 to 0.7.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.143-155
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare dietary intake and quality obtained by food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) and 24-hour recall method among 1249 Korean adults living in rural area. The survey was conducted twice; first with 65-items FFQ by interview and then with 24-hour recall method two years later. Nutrients intake estimated from two dietary methods showed significant difference. For nutrients except fat and iron, average intake value estimated from the FFQ were significantly higher than that from the 24-hour recall method(p<0.001). Ranking of the subjects by nutrient intake levels obtained by two methods were significantly correlated, but correlation coefficients were low. Percentage of subjects in the lowest or in the highest quintile by 24-hour recalls who belong to the nearest two categories by FFQ ranged from 45% to 61%, while the percentage falling into the opposite category ranged from 7% to 15%. Subjects' percentile rank of nutrient intake by 24-hour recall correlated with their average rank of nutrient intake by FFQ. Information on food groups by two method were not comparable because of the limited number of food items in FFQ. For most nutrients, RDA% or NAR from FFQ were higher than those from 24-hour recall, but INQ from 24-hour recall were higher than those from FFQ. From the results, results of 24-hour recall method seems to be useful in classifying subjects according to their nutrient intake if sample size is large enough.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.889-898
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• 2008

In this study, analyze the status and problem of a noise and vibration control laws of it through the questionnaire. The method of survey was made by questionnaires which were the civil worker 138 persons and civil servant 132 persons. Based on this survey, we suggest a improvement of the noise and vibration control laws.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

This paper takes Zhaoxing Dong village in Guizhou Province as the research object. The purpose is to study the continuity of landscape context in Dong Village. The research process includes specification on the evaluation system of Dong village landscape context by AHP method, and use of the questionnaire survey method in sequence, according to the specific situation of Zhaoxing Dong village, and this study develops a specific questionnaire that modifies the evaluation system suited to reflect specific problems. Through the analysis of the specific questionnaire and recycling in Zhaoxing Dong village, this study found that Zhaoxing Dong village as a whole is over commercialized due to the vigorous development of tourism service industry. As a result, whether it is experts, foreign tourists or local villagers, the rating of the village landscape is low. There are three problems in the village landscape context: historical continuity, invisible cultural heritage and contradiction in protection and development. The results of this paper provides a future direction for the protection and inheritance of Zhaoxing Dong village.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

For a profound understanding about the elementary students' scientific attitude, I have performed this study based on the students' opinion by the ethnographic interview and participant observation of science classes. I have analyzed the data by qualitative data analyzing method, and compared the analyzed results with analyzed results by the Likert's scaled as il questionnaire method. To perform this study, I selected one elementary school located in an agricultural village in Choong-Buk Province in Korea and studied four 5th grade students. Here, I present results of this study as follows. First, in ethnographic interview, all informants represented positive reaction to scientific curiosity. But, It is appeared that there are external curiosity and internal curiosity. Internal curiosity is more closely and positively related to problem solving skills. Second, all informants represented positive open-mindness expressing their own opinions actively and accepting other students' opinions. Students who had positive critical-mindness and voluntariness recorded high scores in science achievement. Third, scientific attitude analyzed by ethnographic methods didn't correspond with scientific attitude measured by Likert's scale in all cases. I presumed this discrepant result could come from subjects' different tendency on replying to questionnaire and students' own criterion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.2 s.13
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• pp.56-67
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• 2007

This study is surveyed for understanding attitude toward make-up and purchasing behavior of cosmetics of preteen generation, elementary school students among 10 to 12 using a method of questionnaire. It helps concerned traders comprehend purchasing characteristics of preteen and map out a strategy for marketing of preteen. And it used research material being able to understand socio-psychological characteristics and attitude toward make-up and purchasing behavior of cosmetics of preteen generation. For the survey, a method of questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consisted of 4 questions for socio-psychological characteristics, 5 for appearance, 8 for attitude toward make-up and 6 for cosmetic purchase behavior and 3 for demographic factors. 458 girl students among 4, 5 and 6th graders at elementary schools in Seoul were selected on a random basis. Data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation. F-test, Duncanis post test and crosstab analysis were also applied. 1. The level of interest of pre-teen generations was found normal. 2. The most popular destinations for buying cosmetics were dedicated cosmetics shops and department stores. 3. Satisfaction and interest of appearance and make-up. 4. Attitude toward make-up and behavior of purchase cosmetics as grades.