• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1213-1223
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• 2000

CDQ 분진을 흡착제로 사용하여 페놀의 흡착제거 양상을 검토하였다. CDQ 분진의 흡착능은 300 ppm의 페놀 용액에 대해 흡착평형시간 60분에서 약 42%의 흡착율을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 페놀의 초기농도를 달리하여 흡착실험한 결과, 실험조건범위에서 농도가 증가함에 따라 흡착제거율이 증가하였으며 흡착양상은 Freundlich 등온흡착식에 잘 적용되었다. 흡착의 속도론적 해석시, 시간에 따른 속도식의 차수는 1차, 1.5차, 그리고 2차로 변화하는 것으로 파악되었다. 온도에 따른 흡착에서는 온도가 상승함에 따라 흡착제거량이 증가하여 흡열임을 보였으며, 이의 결과를 바탕으로 흡착에 대한 열역학적 데이터를 도출하였다. pH변화에 따른 페놀의 흡착량은 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 관찰되었으나, pH 11 이상의 영역에서는 다소 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2019

We present the results of near-infrared imaging observations of the galaxy overdensity around the z = 1.44 radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) 6CE1100+3505, which was carried out with the purpose of sampling the redshifted Hα emission from the actively star-forming galaxies that could constitute the overdensity. The existence of the structure around this AGN was spectroscopically confirmed by previous grism observations which are however limited to the central region. Using the CH4Off narrow/medium-band and H broad band filters in the Wide Infrared Camera (WIRCam) on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), we constructed a sample of objects that show a flux excess in the CH4Off band due to line emission. The emission line flux is ~ 4.9 × 10^-16 erg s^-1 cm^-2, corresponding to a star formation rate (SFR) of ~ 50 M_⊙ yr^-1 for galaxies at redshifts z ~ 1.4. None of the galaxies with medium-band flux excess is located within 1 Mpc from the central AGN, and there is no evidence that the selected galaxies are associated with the proposed cluster. Along with the star formation quenching near the center that was found from the previous grism observations, the lack of extreme starbursts in the structure suggests that at z ~ 1.4, overdense regions are no longer favorable locations for vigorous star formation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1985

Nucleation and crystallization of $\beta$-eucryptite in a glass of molecular percentage composition Li2O.Al2O3.2SiO2 are studied. The glasses are made by quenching of the melts from 143$0^{\circ}C$ to room temperature. Heat-treatment for nucleation and crystal growth are caried out at various temperature in the range between 50$0^{\circ}C$ and 80$0^{\circ}C$ with different duration of time. The amounts of crystallization are estimated by the method of x-ray powder diffraction. As the results a time-temperature-transformation relation for crystallization is derived. The maximum rate of crystallization is observed at about 75$0^{\circ}C$ from the T-T-T-curve while the crystallization temperature is detected at 67$0^{\circ}C$ by DTA measurement. The crystallization temperature moved to 62$0^{\circ}C$ by adding 5 weight percents of TiO2 and it moved to 78$0^{\circ}C$ by adding 2 weight percents of V2O5. The crystallization temperature moved to 62$0^{\circ}C$ by adding 5 weight percent of TiO2 it moved to 78$0^{\circ}C$ by adding 2 weight percents of V2O5 The activation energy for crystallization from the pure glass is calculated as 68 Kcal/mol and it varied to 53 Kcal/mol and 110Kcal/mol when 5 weight percents of TiO2 and weight percents of V2O5 are added respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.151-163
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• 1996

To investigate the early symptoms of light-chilling, alterations of chlorophyll fluorescence transients were monitored in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Ilmichungjang) leaves. During 24 h chilling, decreases in (Fv)m/Fm, qE and qQ, and an increase in Fo were observed. The chilling effects were not recovered at room temperature, and a significant increase in Fo was observed during the recovery period. After 6 h chilling, ‘dip’(D) level of the transients became obscure, and the negative slope after ‘peak’(P) disappeared. The first derivative (dFv/dt) of the fast fluorescence rise curve was used to obtain more accurate information about the changes in the transients. The maximal rate of the fluorescence increase in the D-p rise curve (Fr) has been the most frequently used chilling stress indicator. However, a correct value of Fr could not be measured when the D level became obscure. This problem was overcome by introducing a new indicator, HFr (dFv/dt at Fv = 1/2 (Fv)m), and HFr gave very similar values to Fr. To monitor the changes in curvature around D level, another new parameter, ${\Delta}S$(D-Fr), was also introduced. These three parameters decreased very sensitively during light-chilling. In addition, increases in these parameters were observed during the first 2 h chilling, but this increase in Fr was also observed in pea leaf discs dark-chilled for 15 min, suggesting that this very early change is a common response to chilling in both pea and cucumber leaves. Quenching coefficients were also very sensitive to chilling, especially qE. Discussion on the usage of these parameters as chilling stress indicators is given in the text.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2016

We have investigated the crystallization mechanism of the lithium disilicate ($Li_2O-2SiO_2$, LSO) glass particles with different sizes by isothermal and non-isothermal processes. The LSO glass was fabricated by rapid quenching of melt. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements were performed. Different crystallization models of Johnson-Mehl-Avrami, modified Ozawa and Arrhenius were adopted to analyze the thermal measurements. The activation energy E and the Avrami exponent n, which describe a crystallization mechanism, were obtained for three different glass particle sizes. Values of E and n for the glass particle with size under $45{\mu}m$, $75{\sim}106{\mu}m$, and $125{\sim}150{\mu}m$, were 2.28 eV, 2.21 eV, 2.19 eV, and ~1.5 for the isothermal process, respectively. Those values for the non-isothermal process were 2.4 eV, 2.3 eV, 2.2 eV, and ~1.3, for the isothermal process, respectively. The obtained values of the crystallization parameters indicate that the crystallization occurs through the decreasing nucleation rate with a diffusion controlled growth, irrespective to the particle sizes. It is also concluded that the smaller glass particles require the higher heat absorption to be crystallized.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.367-378
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• 2013

원삼국시대에 속하는 경기도 김포시 양촌유적에서 출토된 단조철부 5점과 주조철부 1점을 대상으로 미세조직 관찰과 비금속개재물 분석을 실시하였다. 단조품에 사용된 소재는 순철에 가까운 소재와 저탄소강이 사용되었고 성형 후 1점에만 담금질을 하였다. 주조품은 주철을 탈탄시킨 미세조직이 보여 주철탈탄 제강법이 적용된 것을 확인하였다. 비금속개재물 분석결과 철부는 고체저온환원법으로 제련하여 생산된 괴련철을 두드려서 제작하였다. FeO 함량이 $SiO_2$에 비해 비교적 높게 나타나 제련 시 노의 온도가 환원에 충분하지 못해 Fe의 회수율이 적었던 것으로 보이며 이 과정에서 광물에 포함된 K, P, Mg, Mn, Ti 등 불순물이 혼입되었다. Ca 함량이 높게 검출되는 곳이 있어 일부는 조제제로 석회물질을 넣었던 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2016

In this study, $Zn_xMn_{3-x}O_4$ (x=0.95~1.20) specimens were prepared by using a conventional mixed oxide method. All specimens were sintered in air at $1,200^{\circ}C$ for 12 h and cooled at a rate of $2^{\circ}C/min$ to $800^{\circ}C$, subsequently quenching to room temperature. We investigated the structural and electrical properties of $Zn_xMn_{3-x}O_4$ specimens with variation of ZnO amount for the application of NTC thermistors. As results of X-ray diffraction patterns, all specimens showed the formation of a complete solid solution with tetragonal spinel phase. And, the second phase was observed by the solubility limit of Zn ions in $x{\geq}1.10$ composition. The average grain size was increased from $2.72{\mu}m$ to $4.18{\mu}m$ with increasing the compositional ratio of Zn ion from x=0.95 to 1.20, respectively. $Zn_{1.10}Mn_{1.90}O_4$ specimen showed the minimum electrical resistance of $57.5k{\Omega}$ at room temperature and activation energy of 0.392 eV.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2004

The crystallization behaviours of nanocomposite made by a function of quenching rate (roller speed) were studied. The results showed that there was one step c$\mathbb{r}$ystallization process for the alloy quenched at roller speed of 32 m/s, which could be shown as, Am (amorphouse) + ${\alpha}-Fe/Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ ${\rightarrow}$ ${\alpha}-Fe/Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ . For the alloy quenched at roller speed of 40 m/s, there was steps crystallization process taking place at different temperatures, which could be shown as, Am ${\rightarrow}$ ${\alpha}-Fe/Nd_2Fe_{23}B_3+Nd_2Fe_{14}B+Am`$ ${\rightarrow}$ ${\alpha}-Fe/Nd_2Fe_{14}B$. The presence of transition phase ($Nd_2Fe_{23}B_3$) was harmful to get fine and uniform grain size during crystallization process. Uniform microstructures and high magnetic properties could be attained for the as-quenched alloy containing less amorphous phase and no presence of transition phase during annealing treatment. For the alloy prepared at roller speed of 32 m/s, the following properties were obtained, $B_r= 0.904 T,_iH_c = 801 kA/m, (BH)_{max} = 122 kJ/m^3 and M_r/M_s = 0.6$.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.152-156
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• 1999

여기밀도 변화에 따른 펄스폭 연속 가변 Quenched Dye Laser(Q이)를 설계 제작하여 그 동작 특성을 분석하였다. 펌핑광원은 펄스폭 20 ns(FWHM), 에너지 150mJ의 XecCl 엑시머 레이저를 사용하였으며, 색소레이저의 활성매질은 Rhodamine 6G로서 에탄올(ethanol)용액에 2.5$\times$10-3[mol/l]의 농도로 용해되었다. 활성길이 5 nm인 색소셀에서 서로 평행한 양면을 공진기로 구성하여 색소레이저의 이완발진 출력특성을 얻었다. 이완발진의 펄스열에서 단일 펄스를 추출하기 위해 QDL를 구성하였다. QDL의 펄스폭을 가변하기 위해 초점거리 f=150 mm 접속렌즈를 이동시켜 색소셀에 조사되는 공간적 펌핑폭을 조절함으로써 여기밀도를 8.8$\times$1023[cm-3s-1]~2.8$\times$1023[cm-3s-1]까지 가변시켰다. 공간적 펌핑폭에 따른 펄스폭 가변 실험을 수행한 결과 QDL의 발진 펄스폭이 86 ps~201 ps 사이에서 연속적으로 가변됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술회의 초록집
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• pp.11-11
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• 2010

In order to design for nano structured materials with enhanced thermoelectric properties, the alloys in the pseudo-binary $Bi_2Te_3$-PbTe system were investigated for their micro structure and thermal properties. For this synthesis the liquid alloys were cooled by water quenching method. The micro structure images were taken by using electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA). Dendritic and lamellar structures were clearly observed with the variation in the composition ratio between $Bi_2Te_3$ and PbTe. It was confirmed that a metastable compounds is $PbBi_2Te_4$ in the The $Bi_2Te_3$-PbTe system. The change in the composition increasing $Bi_2Te_3$ ratio causes to change structure from dendritic to lamellar. Seebeck coefficient of alloys 5 which the mixture rate of $Bi_2Te_3$ is 83% was measured as the highest value. In contrast, the others decreased by increasing $Bi_2Te_3$. n-type characteristics was observed at all condition except alloy 6 which $Bi_2Te_3$ ration is 91%. The power factors of all samples were calculated with Seebeck coefficient and resistivity. Also the thermal conductivity was measured by using laser flash analyzer (LFA). In this work, the microstructures and thermal properties have been measured as a function of ratio of $Bi_2Te_3$ in the $Bi_2Te_3$-PbTe system.