• 제목/요약/키워드: Quasi norm

검색결과 22건 처리시간 0.025초

MAX-NORM ERROR ESTIMATES FOR FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR NONLINEAR SOBOLEV EQUATIONS

  • CHOU, SO-HSIANG;LI, QIAN
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.25-37
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    • 2001
  • We consider the finite element method applied to nonlinear Sobolev equation with smooth data and demonstrate for arbitrary order ($k{\geq}2$) finite element spaces the optimal rate of convergence in $L_{\infty}\;W^{1,{\infty}}({\Omega})$ and $L_{\infty}(L_{\infty}({\Omega}))$ (quasi-optimal for k = 1). In other words, the nonlinear Sobolev equation can be approximated equally well as its linear counterpart. Furthermore, we also obtain superconvergence results in $L_{\infty}(W^{1,{\infty}}({\Omega}))$ for the difference between the approximate solution and the generalized elliptic projection of the exact solution.

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최적화 기법을 이용한 1차원 부등류에서의 매닝조도계수 추정 (Identification of Manning's Roughness in 1D nonuniform flow)

  • 이두한;이동섭;김명환
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2010년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.679-683
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 공간적 변수인 조도계수를 기지의 수위값을 이용하여 최적값을 결정하는 방법에 대해서 검토하고자 한다. 최적화 기법에 의한 조도계수는 기지의 수위값과 수치모의에 의한 결과 값의 전체 오차를 최소화하는 값으로 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 3가지 최적화 기법을 이용하였으며 가상 수로에 대해서 적용하였다. 수위계산은 표준축차법에 의해 수행하였으며 사용된 최적화 기법은 quasi-Newton 방법이다. 1차원 모형은 Matlab을 이용하여 표준축자법으로 구성하였으며 BFGS 기법, L-BFGS 기법, Steepest Gradient Descent 기법 등도 Matlab으로 구성하였다. 표준축차법은 조도계수가 입력되면 기지의 수위값과의 2-norm을 계산하도록 구성하였다. 계산 결과에 의하면 세가 기법 모두 20 23회 정도의 반복계산을 수행하고 값이 수렴되었는데, L-BFGS의 경우에는 정확하게 음수의 조도계수로 수렴하였으며, BFGS기법과 Steepest Gradient 기법의 경우에는 양의 값으로 정확하게 수렴하였다.

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OUTER APPROXIMATION METHOD FOR ZEROS OF SUM OF MONOTONE OPERATORS AND FIXED POINT PROBLEMS IN BANACH SPACES

  • Abass, Hammad Anuoluwapo;Mebawondu, Akindele Adebayo;Narain, Ojen Kumar;Kim, Jong Kyu
    • Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.451-474
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    • 2021
  • In this paper, we investigate a hybrid algorithm for finding zeros of the sum of maximal monotone operators and Lipschitz continuous monotone operators which is also a common fixed point problem for finite family of relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings and split feasibility problem in uniformly convex real Banach spaces which are also uniformly smooth. The iterative algorithm employed in this paper is design in such a way that it does not require prior knowledge of operator norm. We prove a strong convergence result for approximating the solutions of the aforementioned problems and give applications of our main result to minimization problem and convexly constrained linear inverse problem.

ITERATIVE ALGORITHMS FOR THE LEAST-SQUARES SYMMETRIC SOLUTION OF AXB = C WITH A SUBMATRIX CONSTRAINT

  • Wang, Minghui;Feng, Yan
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제27권1_2호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2009
  • Iterative algorithms are proposed for the least-squares symmetric solution of AXB = E with a submatrix constraint. We characterize the linear mappings from their independent element space to the constrained solution sets, study their properties and use these properties to propose two matrix iterative algorithms that can find the minimum and quasi-minimum norm solution based on the classical LSQR algorithm for solving the unconstrained LS problem. Numerical results are provided that show the efficiency of the proposed methods.

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Model order reduction for Campbell diagram analysis of shaft-disc-blade system in 3D finite elements

  • Phuor, Ty;Yoon, GilHo
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제81권4호
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    • pp.411-428
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    • 2022
  • This paper presents the Campbell diagram analysis of the rotordynamic system using the full order model (FOM) and the reduced order model (ROM) techniques to determine the critical speeds, identify the stability and reduce the computational time. Due to the spin-speed-dependent matrices (e.g., centrifugal stiffening matrix), several model order reduction (MOR) techniques may be considered, such as the modal superposition (MS) method and the Krylov subspace-based MOR techniques (e.g., Ritz vector (RV), quasi-static Ritz vector (QSRV), multifrequency quasi-static Ritz vector (MQSRV), multifrequency/ multi-spin-speed quasi-static Ritz vector (MMQSRV) and the combined Ritz vector & modal superposition (RV+MS) methods). The proposed MMQSRV method in this study is extended from the MQSRV method by incorporating the rotational-speed-dependent stiffness matrices into the Krylov subspace during the MOR process. Thus, the objective of this note is to respond to the question of whether to use the MS method or the Krylov subspace-based MOR technique in establishing the Campbell diagram of the shaft-disc-blade assembly systems in three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). The Campbell diagrams produced by the FOM and various MOR methods are presented and discussed thoroughly by computing the norm of relative errors (ER). It is found that the RV and the MS methods are dominant at low and high rotating speeds, respectively. More precisely, as the spinning velocity becomes large, the calculated ER produced by the RV method is significantly increased; in contrast, the ER produced by the MS method is smaller and more consistent. From a computational point of view, the MORs have substantially reduced the time computing considerably compared to the FOM. Additionally, the verification of the 3D FE rotordynamic model is also provided and found to be in close agreement with the existing solutions.

SOLVABILITY AND BOUNDEDNESS FOR GENERAL VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY PROBLEMS

  • Luo, Gui-Mei
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.589-599
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, we propose a sufficient condition for the existence of solutions to general variational inequality problems (GVI(K, F, $g$)). The condition is also necessary when F is a $g-P^M_*$ function. We also investigate the boundedness of the solution set of (GVI(K, F, $g$)). Furthermore, we show that when F is norm-coercive, the general complementarity problems (GCP(K, F, $g$)) has a nonempty compact solution set. Finally, we establish some existence theorems for (GNCP(K, F, $g$)).

Error estimation for 2-D crack analysis by utilizing an enriched natural element method

  • Cho, J.R.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제76권4호
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    • pp.505-512
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    • 2020
  • This paper presents an error estimation technique for 2-D crack analysis by an enriched natural element (more exactly, enriched Petrov-Galerkin NEM). A bare solution was approximated by PG-NEM using Laplace interpolation functions. Meanwhile, an accurate quasi-exact solution was obtained by a combined use of enriched PG-NEM and the global patch recovery. The Laplace interpolation functions are enriched with the near-tip singular fields, and the approximate solution obtained by enriched PG-NEM was enhanced by the global patch recovery. The quantitative error amount is measured in terms of the energy norm, and the accuracy (i.e., the effective index) of the proposed method was evaluated using the errors which obtained by FEM using a very fine mesh. The error distribution was investigated by calculating the local element-wise errors, from which it has been found that the relative high errors occurs in the vicinity of crack tip. The differences between the enriched and non-enriched PG-NEMs have been investigated from the effective index, the error distribution, and the convergence rate. From the comparison, it has been justified that the enriched PG-NEM provides much more accurate error information than the non-enriched PG-NEM.

TPB 이론을 적용한 치기공학 전공 대학생들의 실습실 안전교육 효과 평가 (Effect Assessment of Safety Education in Laboratories of Department of Dental Technology Applied of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB))

  • 박종희;이명선
    • 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.15-31
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 치기공과 학생들의 안전 행동 예측을 위하여 Ajzen(1988, 1991)의 계획된 행위이론에 근거하여 개발한 프로그램이 안전 행동 의도와 행동에 영향을 미치는지 확인하기 위하여 실시된 비동등성 대조군 전 후 설계에 의한 유사 실험연구로 본 연구 결과 사고예방 교육 후 실험군이 대조군보다 TPB 독립 변수인 안전행동에 대한 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행위통제, 안전행동 의도 점수가 더 높을 것이다는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 행동과 지식은 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 행동에 있어서 사전, 사후 조사 결과 유의한 차이가 나타난 항목은 실험군의 경우 11개이었고, 대조군은 2개로 나타났으며, 지식은 실험군의 경우 12개, 대조군은 4개로 나타났다. 따라서 안전 행동에는 태도, 규범, 지각된 행위통제보다 지식이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으므로 치기공과 학생들을 위한 실습실 안전교육시 사용하는 재료나 도구에 대한 안전 수칙이나 안전행동 방법에 대한 직접적인 지식교육이 1차적으로 이루어져야 하며 더불어 태도나 규범, 행위통제에 대한 교육이 이루어져야 할 것이라고 판단된다. 따라서 안전행동 방법에 대한 지식을 강화하고 생명의 존엄성과 안전의 중요성을 인식시켜 안전행동을 하도록 교육하는 것이 필요하다.

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퍼지제어 셀을 이용한 퍼지논리제어기의 조직적인 설계방법 (Systematic Design Method of Fuzzy Logic Controllers by Using Fuzzy Control Cell)

  • 남세규;김종식;유완석
    • 대한기계학회논문집
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    • 제16권7호
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    • pp.1234-1243
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    • 1992
  • 본 연구에서는 국부적인 퍼지제어 셀(fuzzy control cell:cell)을 도입하여 계산량 감소를 달성하고, 추론과정을 선형근사화한 조직적인 설계를 통하여 선형제어 이론을 FLC의 실용적인 면에 접목하고자 한다. 이를 위하여, 확률밀도함수 형태의 멤버쉽함수(membership function)와 선형화된 제어공간이 얻어지도록 전반적인 제어방 책을 결정한 다음, 주어진 상태에 가장 지배적(dominant)인 규칙을 갖는 몇 개의 대표 점을 찾아서 그 점들로 구성된 퍼지제어 셀을 생성하고, 퍼지연산을 생성된 셀에서만 수행하여 알고리즘과 계산을 단순화시킨다. 평가기준을 공평함에 두어서 조건부연결 어 'AND'에 T-norm인 대수곱을 적용하여 적합도를 취하고, 규칙들의 작용이 병렬발화 라는 관점으로 규칙연결어 'ALSO'는 'AND'의 공액인 'OR'에 해당되는 대수합연산 대신 에 확률측도와 유사한 산술평균을 적용하여 퍼지추론을 한다. 그리고, 각각의 제어 규칙에 대하여 퍼지추론한 결과와 그것의 평균중심을 곱하여 통합한 후, 무게중심법으 로 역퍼지화하여 일반화된 제어값을 얻는다. 이 값을 PID제어기를 이용하여 구현한 디지틀 보상기를 통과시켜 시스템에 한 제어를 얻는 조직적인 방법을 제안한다.

중국의 사지서목에 대하여 -육사예문$\cdot$경적지의 분류 및 편목체재 비교를 중심으로- (On the Bibliographies of Chinese Historical Books - Classifying and cataloguing system of six historical bibliographies -)

  • 강순애
    • 한국문헌정보학회지
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    • 제24권
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    • pp.289-332
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    • 1993
  • In china, six bibliographies of offical historical books are evaluated at the most important things among the systematically-editing bibliographies. These bibliographies would be usful to study the orign of classical sciences and their development, bibliographic research of Chinese classics, bibliographic judgement on genuine books, titles, authors, volumes. They could be refered to research into graving, correcting, and existence of ancient books. therefore, these bibliographies would be applied to estimation the phase of scientific and cultural development. The study of these bibliographies has been not yet made in Korea. This thesis lays its importance on the background of their appearance, their classification norms, organizing system of their catalogue, and comparison between their difference. 1. Editing and compiling of Chilyak (칠약) by Liu Chin (유흠) and official histories played an important role of entering an apperance of historical book's bibliographies. Chilyak has been lost. However, its classification and compiling system of classical books would be traced by Hansoyemunji(한서예문지) of which basic system is similar to Chilyak. It classified books according to their scientific characteristic. If a few books didn't have their own categories, they were combined by the circles parallel to the books' characteristic. With the books classified under the same scientific characteristic, they were again divided into the scientific schools or structures. It also arranged the same kinds of books according to the chronology. The some books wi th duplicate subjects were classified multiplely by their duplicate subject. 2. Ssu-ma Chon's (사마천) The Historical Records (Saki, 사기) and Pan Ku's (반고) The History of the Former Han Dynasty (Hanso, 한서) has also took effects on appearance of historical books' bibliographies. Covering overall history, Saki was structured by the five parts: The basic annals(본기), the chronological tables (표), the documents (서), the hereditary houses (세가), biographies (열전). The basic annals dealt with kings and courts' affairs according to the chronology. The chronological tables was the records of the annals. The documents described overall the social and cultural systems. The hereditary houses recorded courts' meritorious officials and public figures. The biographies showed exemplars of seventy peoples selected by their social status. Pan Ku(반구)'s The History of the Former Han Dynasty(한서) deserved to be called the prototype for the offical histories after Saki's (사기; The Historical Records) apperance. Although it modelled on Saki, it had set up its own cataloguing system. It was organized by four parts; the basic annals (본기), the chronological tables (표), treatises(지), biographies (열전). The documents in the Hanso(한서) was converted into treatises(지). The hereditary houses and biographies were merged. For the first time, the treatise with The Yemunji could operate function for historical bibliographies. 3. There were six historical bibliographies: Hansoyemunji(한서예문지), Susokyongjeokji (수서경적지), Kudangsokyongjeokji(구당서경적지), Shindangsoyemunji (신당서예문지), Songsayemunji (송사예문지), Myongsayemunji (명사예문지). 1) Modelling on Liu Chin's Chilyak except Chipryak(집략), Hansoyemunji divided the characteristic of the books and documents into six parts: Yukrye(육예), Cheja(제자), Shibu(시부), Pyongsoh(병서), Susul(수술), Pangki(방기). Under six parts, there were thirty eight orders in Hansoyemunji. To its own classification, Hansoyemunji applied the Chilyak's theory of classification that the books or documents were managed according to characteristic of sciences, the difference of schools, the organization of sentences. However the overlapped subjects were deleted and unified into one. The books included into an unsuitable subject were corrected and converted into another. The Hansoyemunji consisted of main preface (Taesoh 대서), minor preface (Sosoh 소서) , the general preface (Chongso 총서). It also recorded the introduction of books and documents, the origin of sciences, the outline of subjects, and the establishment of orders. The books classified by the subject had title, author, and volumes. They were rearranged by titles and the chronological publication year. Sometimes author was the first access point to catalogue the books. If it was necessary for the books to take footnotes, detail notes were formed. The Volume number written consecutively to order and subject could clarify the quantity of books. 2) Refering to Classfication System by Seven Norms (칠분법) and Classification System by Four Norms(사분법), Susokyongjeokji(수서경적지) had accomplished the classification by four norms. In fact, its classification largely imitated Wanhyosoh(완효서)'s Chilrok(칠록), Susokyongjeokji's system of classification consisted of four parts-Kyung(경), Sa(사), Cha(자), Chip(칩). The four parts were divided into 40 orders. Its appendix was again divided into two parts, Buddihism and Taiosm. Under the two parts there were fifteen orders. Totally Susokyongjeokji was made of six parts and fifty five orders. In comparison with Hansoyemunji(한서예문지), it clearly showed the conception of Kyung, Sa, Cha, Chip. Especially it deserved to be paid attention that Hansoyemunji laied history off Chunchu(춘추) and removed history to Sabu(사부). However Chabu(사부) put many contrary subjects such as Cheja(제자), Kiye(기예), Sulsu(술수), Sosol(소설) into the same boundary, which committed errors insufficient theoretical basis. Anothor demerit of Susokyongjeokji was that it dealt with Taiosm scriptures and Buddism scriptures at the appendix because they were considered as quasi-religion. Its compilation of bibliographical facts consisted of main preface(Taesoh 대서), minor preface(Sosoh 소서), general preface (Chongsoh 총서), postscript (Husoh 후서). Its bibliological facts mainly focused on the titles. Its recorded authors' birth date and their position. It wrote the lost and existence of books consecutive to total number of books, which revealed total of the lost books in Su Dynasty. 3) Modelling on the basis of Kokumsorok(고분서록) and Naewaekyongrok(내외경록), Kudangsokyongjeokji(구당서경적지) had four parts and fourty five orders. It was estimated as the important role of establishing basic frame of classification by four norms in classification theory's history. However it had also its own limit. Editing and compling orders of Kudangsokyongjeokji had been not progressively changed. Its orders imitated by and large Susokyongjeokji. In Its system of organizing catalogue, with its minor preface and general preface deleting, Kudangsokyongjeokji by titles after orders sometimes broke out confusion because of unclear boundaries between orders. 4) Shindangsoyemunji(신당서예문지), adding 28,469 books to Kudangsokyongjeokji, recorded 82,384 books which were divided by four parts and fourty four orders. In comparison with Kudangkyongjeokj, Sindangsoyemunji corrected unclear order's norm. It merged the analogical norms four orders (for instance, Kohun 고훈 and Sohakryu 소학류) and seperated the different norms four orders (for example, Hyokyong 효경 and Noneuhryu 논어류, Chamwi 참위 and Kyonghaeryu 경해류, Pyonryon 편년 and Wisaryu 위사류). Recording kings' behaviors and speeches (Kikochuryu 기거주류) in the historical parts induced the concept of specfication category. For the first time, part of Chipbu (집부) set up the order of classification norm for historical and literatural books and documents (Munsaryu 문사류). Its editing and compiling had been more simplified than Kudangsokyongjeokji. Introduction was written at first part of bibliographies. Appendants except bibliographic items such subject, author, title, volume number, total were omitted. 5) Songsayemunji(송사예문지) were edited in the basis of combining Puksong(북송) and Namsong(남송), depending on Sabukuksayemunji(사부국사예문지). Generally Songsayemunji had lost a lot of bibliographical facts of many books. They were duplicated and wrongly classified books because it committed an error of the incorrectly annalistic editing. Particularly Namsong showed more open these defaults. Songsayemunji didin't include the books published since the king Youngchong(영종). Its system of classification was more better controlled. Chamwiryu(참위류) in the part of Kyongbu(경부) was omitted. In the part of history(Sabu 사부), recordings of kings' behaviors and speeches more merged in the annals. Historical abstract documents (Sachoryu 사초류) were seperately arranged. In the part of Chabu(자부), Myongdangkyongmaekryu(명당경맥류) and Euisulryu(의술류) were combined. Ohangryu(오행류) were laied off Shikuryu(시구류). In the part of Chipbu(집부), historical and literatural books (Munsaryu 문사류) were independentely arranged. There were the renamed orders; from Wisa(위사) to Paesa(패사), Chapsa (잡사) to Pyolsa(열사), Chapchonki(잡전기) to Chonki(전기), Ryusoh(류서) to Ryusa(류서). Introduction had only main preface. The books of each subject catalogued by title, the volume number, and author and arranged mainly by authors. Annotations were written consecutively after title and the volume number. In the afternote the number of not-treated books were revealed. Difference from Singdangsohyemunji(신당서예문지) were that the concept and boundary of orders became more clearer. It also wrote the number of books consecutive to main subject. 6) Modelling on Chonkyongdangsomok (경당서목), Myongsayemunji(명사예문지) was compiled in the basis of books and documents published in the Ming Danasty. In classification system, Myongsayemunji partly merged and the seperated some orders for it. It also deleted and renamed some of orders. In case of necessity, combining of orders' norm was occured particulary in the part of Sabu(사부) and Chabu(자부). Therefore these merging of orders norm didn't offer sufficient theretical background. For example, such demerits were seen in the case that historical books edited by annals were combined with offical historical ones which were differently compiled and edited from the former. In the part of Chabu(자부), it broke out another confusion that Pubga(법가), Meongga(명가), Mukga(묵가), Chonghweongka's(종횡가) thoughts were classified in the Chapka(잡가). Scriptures of Taiosim and Buddhism were seperated from each other. There were some deleted books such as Mokrokryu(목록류), Paesaryu(패사류) in the part of history (Sabu 사부) and Chosaryu(초사류) in the part of Chipbu(집부). The some in the each orders had been renamed. Imitating compiling system of Songsayemunji(송사예문지), with reffering to its differ-ence, Myongsayemunji(명사예문지) wrote the review and the change of the books by author. The number of not-treated books didn't appear at the total. It also deleted the total following main subject.

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