• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.55-84
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• 2015

The tuberculosis is the infectious disease. Generally, the active tuberculosis patient can infect the 10 persons for one year within the daily activities like casual conversation and singing together. The infectivity of tuberculosis can continue for a life time, and infected persons can remain at risk for developing active tuberculosis. To control this contagious disease, along with the active tuberculosis patients, non-infectious but non-compliant patients who can be infectious if their immune systems become impaired have to be managed. To control the non-complaint patients, medical treatment order should be combined with the public order. Because tuberculosis is the risk of community health, the human rights like liberty and freedom of movement can be restricted for public welfare under the article 37(2) of constitution. Even when such restriction is imposed, no essential aspect of the freedom or right shall be violated. The degree of restriction on the rights of citizens is different what methods are chosen to non-complaint patients. For example, under the directly observed therapy program, the patients and medical staffs make an appointment and meet to confirm the drug intakes according to the schedule, which is the medical treatment combined with the mildest public order. If the patients break the appointments or have the history of disobedient, the involuntary detention can obtain the legitimate cause. The Tuberculosis Prevention Act has the two step programs on this involuntary detention, The admission order (Article 15) is issued when the patients are infectious. The quarantine order (Artle 15-2) is issued when the patients are infectious and non-complaint. The legal criteria for involuntary detention are discussed and published through the international conventions and covenants. For example, World Health Organization had made guidance on human rights and involuntary detention for tuberculosis control. The restrictions should be carried out in accordance with the our law and in the legitimate objective of public interest. And the restriction should be based on scientific evidence and not imposed in an unreasonable or discriminatory manner. We define and adopt these international criteria under our constitution and legal system. Least restrictive alternative principle, proportionality principle and the individual evaluation methods are explained through the reviews of United States court decisions. Habeas Corpus Act is reviewed and adopted as the procedural due process to protect the patient rights as a citizen. Along with that, what conditions and facilities which are needed to performed quarantine order are discussed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.573-584
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• 2002

Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and Milk protein (MP) are being used as indicators of the protein-energy balance and for actual farm feeding practices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the MUN and MP concentrations of individual cows and bulk tank milk to evaluate the dietary protein-energy balance from lactating Holstein cows. Mean MUN and MP concentrations in the milk samples obtained from 132,636 cows of 4,856 herd during Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2001 were 16.2 5.2mg/dl and 3.30 0.35%, respectively. The highest values were found during summer and lowest valued during winter in MUN. But, the average contents of MP were the highest during winter and the lowest during summer. In order to evaluate protein-energy balance for feeding, we set the level of recommended MP range of 2.90${\sim}$3.29% in early lactation considering a negative energy balance. The recommended level of MP in mid-lactation and late lactation were set as 3.10${\sim}$3.49%, and 3.30${\sim}$3.69%, respectively. Recommended MUN range of 12${\sim}$18 mg/dl was determined through the whole lactation period. Individual cows milk were analyzed by the 9 types based on this levels of MP and MUN in this study. Among the total cows investigated, 26.8%, 25.8%, and 22.2% have shown the recommended criteria of MP and MUN values, respectively. Also, of total herds surveyed, 11.6% had MUN values lower than 12.0 mg/dl and 32.9% had values higher than 18.0 mg/dl and 44.5% of total herd have not met with the recommended criteria of MP values in bulk tank milk. In case of MP, out of the total herd surveyed, 26.0% had MP values lower than 3.10% and 24.0% had values higher than 3.30% and 50.0% had MP values outside the recommended interval (3.1${\sim}$3.3%). This study has indicates that many dairy farms are under improper feeding management practice of the dietary protein-energy balance.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2013

Aporia crataegi, an Korean endangered species, was first analyzed for DNA barcode sequences based on 28-year-old dried specimens and compared barcode characters with 36 individuals of ten geographical populations of Eurasia. They were revealed to consist of five different haplotypes. Among them, haplotype I was mostly extensive and high frequency with 75%. The south Korean individuals were confirmed to be belonging to haplotype I and have no genetic isolation on COI gene. By these results, we consider that selection of the identical haplotype from other geographical populations may be a requirement prior to performing for conservation and restoration of the Korean population. We also propose to analyse the additional genetic markers in order to understand a more accurate genetic structures between haplotypes of this species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.478-488
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• 1999

The contents of histidine dipeptides, a metabolic products of muscle protein, were investigated to compare muscle composition among the 9 domestic animals including cattle. In major domestic animals, analyzed the effects of age, part and sex of the animals on their muscle composition. Large amounts of carnosine($68.63{\pm}17.41{\mu}mol/g$) were detected in cattle and it was higher than other animals. Whereas the content of anserine showed high level in order of turkey, chickens and duck. The ratio of carnosine and anserine(C/A ratio) was different depending on the animal species. Statistical data indicated that difference among species was significant(p < 0.05). The contents of histidine dipeptides in heated muscle by boiling for 40 minutes at $110^{\circ}C$ was similar to thoes of raw muscle. C/A ratio in heated muscle was not different from that of raw muscle, indicating that no change has been made after heating process. The contents of carnosine and anserine were different according to the parts of their muscle. Especially chuck of the mammalian showed extremely low level of histidine dipeptides compared with other parts, while C/A ratio maintained certain level regardless of age, part, sex. Therefore, based on the content of histidine dipeptides, could be found the difference of muscle composition among the species. Also C/A ratio of horse, pig, cattle, duck, sheep and turkey were characteristic respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2015

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most important bacterial diseases of citrus. Because citrus canker is not found in many countries including European Union and Australia, Xcc is strictly regulated in order to prevent its spread. In this study, the effects of X-irradiation on Xcc growth either in the suspension or on the surface of citrus fruits were investigated. The suspension containing $1{\times}10^7cfu/ml$ of Xcc was irradiated with different absorbed doses of X-irradiation ranging from 50 to 400 Gy. The results showed that Xcc was fully dead at 400 Gy of X-irradiation. To determine the effect of X-irradiation on quarantine, the Xcc-inoculated citrus fruits were irradiated with different X-ray doses at which Xcc was completely inhibited by an irradiation dose of 250 Gy. The $D_{10}$ value for Xcc on citrus fruits was found to be 97 Gy, indicating the possibility of direct application on citrus quarantine without any side sterilizer. Beside, presence of Xcc on the surface of asymptomatic citrus fruits obtained from citrus canker-infected orchards was noted. It indicated that the exporting citrus fruits need any treatment so that Xcc on the citrus fruits should be completely eliminated. Based on these results, ionizing radiation can be considered as an alternative method of eradicating Xcc for export of citrus fruits.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2023

In the present study, the incidence of bovine tubeculosis (bTB) and brucellosis in Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) and dairy cow in Gyeongsangnam-do was investigated for three years from 2020 to 2022. The incidence bTB tested by tuberculin skin test with purified protein derivative (PPD) and gamma interferon (γ-INF) test with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. From 2020 to 2022, the incidence of bTB showed a decreasing trend in Hanwoo, while an increasing trend in dairy cow. In the case of Brucellosis, the positive rates for Hanwooe gradually increased. However, no brucellosis was found in dairy cow from 2020 to 2022. The increase in the incidence of these diseases is presumed to be related the small scale and poor sanitation facilities of livestock farms in Gyeongsangnam-do, and easy access of wild animals. Therefore, in order to suppress the incidence of the diseases, it is necessary to the farm scale from small to large and to strengthen sanitary facilities on farms.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of Salmonella spp. from pigs and cattle in slaughterhouse, the antimicrobial resistance pattern and the prevalence of resistance genes of isolates. A total of 640 fecal samples from pigs and cattle in slaughterhouse were collected for isolation of Salmonella spp.. Isolation rate was revealed as 15% in pigs and 1.6% in cattle. As result of serotyping, group B (56.6%) were identified as most common in pigs and cattle isolates, in order of group C (24.5%) and group E (15.1%). S. Typhimurium (50.9%) was most common serotype. The major serotypes were in order of S. Rissen and S. London (11.3%) and S. Riggil (7.6%). In antimicrobial test, all isolates were demonstrates susceptibility to nitrofurantoin. But isolates were revealed resistance other antibiotics in order of tetracycline (64.6%), streptomycin (68.3%), ampicillin and amoxicillin (56.3%) and spectinomycin (47.9%). With polymerase chain reaction, antimicrobial resistance gene strA (75.0%) and aadA1 (3.1%) were detected in streptomycin resistance isolates and tetA (94.3%) and tetB (11.3%) gene were detected in tetracycline resistant isolates, but tetG was not detected. Class 1 integron gene was detected in all Salmonella isolates.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.26-44
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• 2003

This study Is to forecast the damage of smallpox as a biological weapon and to measure the effect of potential responses (quarantine, vaccination and cure) to the spread of smallpox infection when a smallpox bioterrorism attack occurs. We designed the smallpox spreading simulation model through the literature study on a basis of some existing infectious disease models such as SIR, SEIR model by using Vensim program. In order to evaluate the performance of responses to smallpox, we measure the total infection population, infection sustaining duration, average infection rate and the infection spreading behavior of the smallpox. This study can help those who are related to the bioterrorism forecast the present and possible demage, and take more effective actions for minimizing the damage by smallpox bioterrorism.

• Mycobiology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.180-184
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• 2000

In order to find an environment-friendly method to suppress astragal stem rot caused by the isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1 and AG 4, we tested an antagonistic fungus Gliocladium virens G1 was evaluated as a biocontrol agent and estimated inorganic compounds and organic materials were tested for their effect of the disease suppression. G. virens G1 effectively inhibited mycelial growth in a dual culture and caused mycelial lysis in the culture filtrate. No adverse effect was observed when examined for seed germination and seedling growth. Promoted seedling growth was observed with the seed treatment. Seeds of astragal plant were germinated higher in the sterile soil than the natural soil. Of 14 inorganics tested, alum, aluminum sulfate and calcium oxide significantly suppressed the mycelial growth and sclerotial germination. Milled pine bark and oak sawdust also suppressed the mycelial growth. Soil amended with 1% of G. virens G1 composted with pine bark (w/v) significantly controlled astragal stem rot in the glasshouse experiments.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 2015

In Korean Peninsula, a total of 175 syrphid species are currently known. As a result of ongoing systematic study of the family Syrphidae, we have discovered the following five species for the first time in the Korean Peninsula: Mallota rossica Portschinsky, 1877, M. shatalkini Mutin, 1999, Sphiximorpha rachmaninovi (Violovitsh, 1981), Volucella bivitta Huo et al., 2007, and V. inanoides Hervé-Bazin, 1923. Among these taxa, Sphiximorpha Rondani, 1850, is the genus recorded for the first time in Korea. In total, three subfamilies, 16 tribes, 70 genera, and 180 species are now officially recognized for the Korean syrphid fauna. In order to facilitate their identification, we here provide specific diagnoses and color photographs for the species listed.