• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2023

Given the limited water resources and the presence of multiple decision makers with different and usually conflicting objectives in the exploitation of water resources systems, especially dam's reservoirs; therefore, the decision to determine the optimal allocation of reservoir water among decision-makers and stakeholders is a difficult task. In this study, by combining a fuzzy VIKOR technique or fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (FMCDM) and the Young's bilateral bargaining model, a new method was developed to determine the optimal quantitative and qualitative water allocation of dam's reservoir water with the aim of increasing the utility of decision makers and stakeholders and reducing the conflicts among them. In this study, by identifying the stakeholders involved in the exploitation of the dam reservoir and determining their utility, the optimal points on trade-off curve with quantitative and qualitative objectives presented by Mojarabi et al. (2019) were ranked based on the quantitative and qualitative criteria, and economic, social and environmental factors using the fuzzy VIKOR technique. In the proposed method, the weights of the criteria were determined by each decision maker using the entropy method. The results of a fuzzy decision-making method demonstrated that the Young's bilateral bargaining model was developed to determine the point agreed between the decisions makers on the trade-off curve. In the proposed method, (a) the opinions of decision makers and stakeholders were considered according to different criteria in the exploitation of the dam reservoir, (b) because the decision makers considered the different factors in addition to quantitative and qualitative criteria, they were willing to participate in bargaining and reconsider their ideals, (c) due to the use of a fuzzy-logic based decision-making approach and considering different criteria, the utility of all decision makers was close to each other and the scope of bargaining became smaller, leading to an increase in the possibility of reaching an agreement in a shorter time period using game theory and (d) all qualitative judgments without considering explicitness of the decision makers were applied to the model using the fuzzy logic. The results of using the proposed method for the optimal exploitation of Iran's 15-Khordad dam reservoir over a 30-year period (1968-1997) showed the possibility of the agreement on the water allocation of the monthly total dissolved solids (TDS)=1,490 mg/L considering the different factors based on the opinions of decision makers and reducing conflicts among them.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2017

This study aimed to suggest priority for developing emission factor (EF) and to develop the methodology of quantitative assessment of EF in the forestry sector. Based on the stock-difference method, 17 kinds of EFs (27 EFs based on forest types) were required to calculate the carbon emission in the forestry sector. Priority for developing EFs followed the standards, which is a development plan by the government agency, importance of carbon stock for greenhouse gas, and EFs by the species. Currently, the most urgent development of EFs was carbon fraction in biomass and carbon stock in dead wood. Meanwhile, the quantitative assessment of EF consisted of 7 categories (5 categories of compulsory and 2 categories of quality evaluation) and 12 verification factors. Category in compulsory verification consisted of administrative document, determination methodology of emission factors, emission characteristic, accuracy of measurement and analysis, and data representative. Category in quality evaluation consisted of data management and uncertainty estimates. Based on the importance of factors in the verification process, each factor was scored separately, however, the score needs to be coordinated by the government agency. These results would help build a reliable and accurate greenhouse gas inventory report of Korea.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권30호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2009

Stone cultural heritages in Korea have a severe damages from chemical and biological weathering because most of them have been situated in outdoors without any suitable protection systems, and this in turn causes deformation and structural damage. To counteract these problems and increase durability, various kinds of conservation materials are used in the conservation and restoration treatments. However until now there are not many practical and technological experiments on this subject. This paper attempts quantitative evaluation of effectiveness about chemical of ethylsilicate based resin for sandstone in Yeongyang-gun. It takes a long time to evaluate durability and side effect after conservation materials treatment. So we use artificial weathering through freezing§ thawing experimental method. As a result of this experiment, porosity and absorptance increased, and elastic wave speed, elastic modules, unconfined compression strength and tensile strength decreased more than before. This study plans to make a scientific method study about weathering factor and mechanism, and to deduce correlation between artificial weathering and natural weathering.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2014

This study performs an investigative research on the shopping value of consumers who purchase fashion/beauty products using group buying social commerce among the types of social commerce and private shopping malls. We provide basic knowledge on consumer behavior using social commerce newly appeared as shopping channels. For the method, the research was performed by designing a sequential integration method of conducting quantitative verification after qualitative research. As a result of qualitative research, multiple shopping values have been shown as the common shopping values of consumers using two types of shopping malls. The dimensions are price, quality, convenience, interaction, information, reliability, hedonic and impulse buying values. A total of eight sub-dimensions have appeared due to performing quantitative verification on the shopping value of group buying social commerce. The dimensions are same as the results from the qualitative research. The shopping value of consumers who purchase fashion/beauty products using private shopping malls has been classified into seven dimensions (except interaction value).

• 약학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2011

HER-2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2) is a protein giving higher aggressiveness in human breast cancers. Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets HER-2 and is known to extend survival across all stages of HER2-positive breast cancer. In this study, we attempted to development of a quantitative ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) for evaluating anti HER-2 antibodies using human HER-2 recombinant proteins to support antibody producing processes and pharmacokinetic studies. We established direct or indirect ELISA method for the trastuzumab-like protein combined human recombinant HER-2. The ELISA method will prove to be great value in quantitating anti-HER-2 antibodies levels for developing anticancer antibodies.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2007

식물현탁배양세포의 whole cell extract의 $^1H$ NMR 스펙트럼 데이터로부터 통계분석기법을 활용하여 GABA의 간단하고 신속한 정량분석방법을 확립하였다. 이 기술을 활용하여 고등식물 8종의 9개 세포주를 MS 배지에 1 mg/L의 2,4-D를 첨가한 배지에 유지하였을 때 고수 (Coriandrum sativum L.)가 가장 많은 양의 GABA를 생산하였다. 고수 현탁배양세포로부터 2,4-D농도 및 배양기간에 따른 GABA의 생산성 변화를 조사한 결과 현탁배양세포를 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D가 첨가된 배지에서 3주간 배양된 현탁배양세포를 이용할 경우 GABA 함량이 건중량 1 g 당 16.9 mg으로 가장 높게 생산되었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 간단하고 신속한 분석법으로 다양한 식물자원으로부터 GABA의 생산성을 초고속탐색(high-throughput screenig)할 수 있을 것이며 고수 현탁세포배양법으로 GABA의 상업적 대량생산이 가능할 것으로 전망된다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2018

"The Framework Act on Low-Carbon Green Growth" specifies the requirements for the development and verification of emission factors for establishing reliable national greenhouse gas statistics. The scope of the regulations covers the development and validation of energy, industrial processes, solvents and other product use, agriculture, land use, land use change and emission and absorption coefficients of the forestry and waste sector as defined in the 1996 IPCC Guideline and GPG 2000, The minerals sector to be covered in this study belongs to industrial processes. As a representative method for quantifying and evaluating GHG emission factors, there are emission grade quality grading and DARS (Data Rating Rating System) in the 'Procedures for Preparing Emission Factor Documents (1997)' reported by US-EPA. However, the above two methods are not specific and comprehensive, and lack the details for accurate emission factor verification. Therefore, there is a need for a method for verifying and quantifying certified greenhouse gas emission factors that reflects characteristics of each industry sector in Korea and accord with IPCC G/L and GHG target management. In this study, we conducted a weighted study on quantitative and evaluation lists of emission factor using questionnaires to develop a more accurate methodology for quantifying national greenhouse gas emission factors in the mineral sector. Quantification and evaluation of emission factor are classified into essential verification and quality evaluation. The essential verifications are : administrative compatibility, method of determining emission factors, emission characteristics, sampling methods and analysis methods, representativeness of data. The quality evaluations consisted of the quality control of the data, the accuracy of the measurement and analysis, the level of uncertainty, not directly affect the emission factor, but consisted of factors that determine data quality.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2024

Quantitative analysis of the Zingiber Officinale sample using subcritical water extraction (SWE) was developed employing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to bolster the advancement of this innovative green extraction process. This research focuses on three principal ginger bioactive compounds: 6-gingerol, 6-shagoal, and 10-gingerol. Various stages were undertaken to establish the quantitative analysis method, encompassing the optimisation of HPLC operating conditions and the formulation of standard calibration curves, yielding individual compound equations. A robust correlation within the calibration curve was achieved, exhibiting an r² value of 0.9814 and an RSD of 5.00%. A simultaneous, swift, and dependable method was established with an injection time of 20 minutes and an 8-minute delay between injections, in contrast to the previous HPLC analysis requiring a 45-minute injection time for detecting and quantifying all components. Notably, no post-treatment was applied after the SWE process. This advancement allows for potential future online measurement of Zingiber Officinale bioactive compounds extracted using subcritical water extraction through this technology.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.565-572
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• 2021

The role of the garment and textile industry is particularly important in the economies of many countries in the context of international goods trade. There is no denying that the garment and textile industry contributes significantly to the economic growth in the global economy. The study seeks to investigate the relationship between control variables and Vietnamese consumers' intention to buy Chinese garment products. While previous research has found some control variables influencing consumers' intention to buy products, little research has been done about the influence of control variables on consumers' intention to buy Chinese garment products, in developing countries like Vietnam. In particular, the textile industry plays an important role in export, but outsourcing is accounting for a high proportion of trade, hence, it is necessary to increase innovation to increase consumers' intention to buy domestic garment products. The data is collected from a survey of 406 Vietnamese consumers' in Hanoi city and Ho Chi Minh City. The methodology includes a mixed-method, i.e. qualitative method and quantitative method. The quantitative method applies SPSS analysis to measure the control variables' influence on Vietnamese consumers' intention to buy Chinese garment products. The results identify 1 control variable that impacts Vietnamese consumers' intention to buy Chinese garment products, which is domicile.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.138-145
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• 1998

A validated and reproducible HPLC method was developed for the profiling and quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in commercial products available in North America. Analysis of 280 Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius products showed profiles indicative of the presence of ginsenosides in the majority of these products. However, the quantitative contents of the products vary greatly, not only in products of different formulations, but also of products within each of the fromulations examined.