• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.723-730
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• 2011

Soybean oil used to fry French fries, chicken nuggets, and donuts was exposed to high temperature at $180^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. The effects of frying foods on the thermooxidative stability of soybean oil were evaluated by determining the contents of free fatty acids, peroxides, total polar compounds, and conjugated dienoic acids, and by analyzing dielectric constant, refractive index, iodine value, smoke point, and fatty acid composition. The contents of free fatty acids, total polar compounds, conjugated dienoic acids, dielectric constant, and refractive index increased, whereas iodine value, smoke point, and U/S ratio of fatty acids composition decreased with frying time. All samples of frying oils after 72 h presented free fatty acid contents of below 2.0% and total polar compounds of below 25%, which were within the legal limits. However, peroxide values of frying oils were not directly correlated with frying time. The type of fried food affected the thermooxidative stability of the frying oils, with chicken nuggets being more stable in thermooxidation than French fries and donust. Among physiochemical indicators of frying oil quality, a rapid method including dielectric constant and refractive index can be used in quantity food production.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of housing systems on the productivity and physiological response as stress indicators in White Leghorn chickens. The chickens subjected to the conventional cages had a significantly lower viability, hen-housed egg production, egg weight and body weight compared with those to the floor pens. However, the hens housed in the conventional cages had a shorter day of the first egg and a greater egg quality compared with those housed in the floor pens. In addition, this study was also investigated to identify biological markers for assessing the physiological response of chickens under stress conditions. As biological markers, the amount of telomeric DNA was analyzed by quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization on the nuclei of cells. The DNA damage rate of lymphocytes was also quantified by the comet assay. The amount of telomeric DNA of the lymphocytes, kidney and spleen was significantly higher in the chickens under floor pens than those under conventional cages. The DNA damage also increased in chickens raised under conventional cages, as compared to the chickens under floor pens. As results, we conclude that the chickens housed in conventional cages have a greater stressful status than those housed in floor pens.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.143-152
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• 2012

As the Public Procurement Service announced the compulsory of BIM adaption in every public construction from 2016, the importance of BIM is increasing. Besides, automatic code checking takes significance in terms of the quality control for BIM based design. In this study, rule-sets were defined for Act on the Promotion and Guarantee of Access for the Disabled, the Aged, and Pregnant Women to Facilities and Information. Three analytic steps were suggested to shortlist the objective clauses from the entire code; the frequency analysis using project reviews for architectural code compliance, the clause analysis on quantifiability, and the analysis for model checking possibilities. The shortlisted clauses were transformed into the machine readable rule-set definition. A case study was conducted to verify the adaptiveness and consistency of rule-set definitions. In future study, it is required the methodologies of selecting objective clauses to be specified and its indicators to be quantified. Also case studies should be performed to determine the pre-conditions in modeling and to check interoperability issues and other possible errors in models.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.304-319
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• 1996

It is important to evaluate nutritional status of elderly patients receiving dialysis, since wasting and malnutrition are their common problems. This study aims at assessing their nutritional status by the type and duration of dialysis. The nutritional status such as somatic fat and protein storage was evaluated with anthropometric measure including weight/height ratio, triceps skinfold thickness and midarm muscle circumference. It was also measured with albumin, transferrin, C3 and IGF-1 and calorie and protein intakes. The general clinical condition of patients was evaluated with the severity of uremia and metabolic acidosis. which were measured through the levels of serum urea, creatinine and bicarbonateion. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon-rank sums test, Scheffe test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results are following : 1. There was no significant difference in the calorie and protein intakes by the type and duration of dialysis received. 2. As for the anthropometric measures, no significant difference was found by the type of dialysis in body mass index triceps skinfold thickness and midarm muscle circumference. Yet these anthropometric measures differed significantly by the duration of dialysis in those elderly patients receiving hemodialysis(HD group), but this finding was not found in those receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD). 3. Regarding the indicators of uremia and metabolic acidosis, blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine were lower in the CAPD group than in the HD group, whereas bicarbonate ion was higher in the CAPD group than in the HD group, with no statistical significance. In the HD group, creatinine increased significantly with the increase of the duration of dialysis. 4. Serum trasferrin and C3 were significantly higher in the CAPD group than in the HD group. However. each of biochemical indices did not show statistical significance by the duration of dialysis in both HD and CAPD groups. 5. Anthropometric measures were significantly associated with dietary intake. Significant correlations were observed between biocarbonate ion, BUN and creatinine. In addition, the correlations between serum protein and albumin and between transferrin and C3 were statistically significant. Yet, IGF-1 revealed no significant correlation with other nutritional indices. The above findings indicate that there were no difference in nutritional status measured with protein and calorie intakes between the type and duration of dialysis, but CAPD seems to benefit correcting uremia and metabolic acidosis than HD. Studies of dietary management for dialysis patients need to be pursued in order to improved the quality of aged patients receiving dialysis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.6D
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• pp.645-653
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• 2012

The productivity management of highway construction is required to innovate the efficiency of investment The productivity management of highway construction is required to innovate the efficiency of investment cost for newly constructed projects and to improve the quality of these projects, as the maintenance and management expenses are steadily increasing for existing highways under operation. However, clear criteria, methods or requirements to measure the productivity and performance in the construction of highways have not been properly established yet. This study defined 5 major elements of the productive projects in terms of construction management which is one of major tasks of the owner. There were the 43 influential elements significantly affecting on the productivity and these elements were categorized into the hierarchical structure which was composed of 3 levels. Also, this study conducted a survey for Korea Expressway Corporation who is the largest owner in Korea's highway construction. As a result, major project performance indicators, which should be addressed for management, to execute the projects successfully, are presented through understanding the extent of the affection of productivity elements on the elements of project performance to attain the productive projects and through understanding the extent of demand to be improved.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.215-226
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• 2000

We evaluated the aquatic ecosystem of Keum-Ho River through applications of the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) during June-November 1999. Overall IBI values ranged from 13 to 37 with mean of 23 (n=25, Std. error= 1.16), indicating a "Poor" or "Very Poor" condition according to the criteria of Karr (1981) and U.S. EPA (1993). The values of mean IBI declined at the rate of $0.22km^{-1}$(($r^2$=0.91, p< 0.05) along the longitudinal distance from the headwaters to the down-river. Reduced IBI values at down-river (St. 4 and 5) were attributed to the decreases in riffle benthic species and the relative abundance of insectivore and increases in tolerant species, anormalies and exotic species. Spatial pattern in IBI agreed with QHEI values, which showed a linear relation ($r^2$=0.998, p< 0.001) with mean number of species. Field measurements of conductivity and pH, indicators for variation of conservative ions, showed that the river water was diluted up to 30% by summer precipitation and surface run-off from the watershed, resulting in physical and chemical instability during the monsoon. For these reasons, average IBI values during monsoon and postmonsoon decreased more than 20% compared to pre -monsoon. Before the perturbation of the system (i.e., pre-monsoon), values of QHEI were inversely correlated (r=-0.99, p< 0.0001) with realtive abundance of native omnivore and were positively correlated (r=0.87, p=0.05) with relative abundance of native carnivore. These results indicate that spatial degradation of habitat quality modified the species richness and trophic structure, producing decreased IBI values. (Biological integrity, IBI, Monsoon, Habitat, River, Korea)bitat, River, Korea)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2009

Discomfort Glare from the artificial light sources is an important issue in assessment of lighting quality for healthy buildings. Glare, as a factor of the characteristics of brightness, which has been defined as the sensation produced by contrast and luminance within an entire field view, unfavorably influences the occupants who performs visual tasks. It may cause annoyance and discomfort by interruption of visibility. In the whole visual field, glare can be determined by effects of the position, the luminance and the size of the light source and brightness of the surroundings. Therefore, experimental equipment is required to maintain a constant visual lighting environment. Recent studies have been developed and used the instrument for glare sensation evaluation but the instruments showed some difficulties to verify the correlation of glare indicators. The instrument have been developed with reference to former studies. It is called the Glare Tester. This is consist of 2[m]-diameter vertical dome screen painted with white flat paint, and light sources installed inside the screen. These light sources can provide various range of brightness at any inner surface of the screen. 2 Glare light sources can provide the value of luminance within the range of $0{\sim}150,000[cd/m^2]$. Moreover, 12 light sources are used for background luminance and it can perform the value of luminance within the range of $0{\sim}350[cd/m^2]$. Several experiments have been conducted using this Glare Tester to evaluate the range of the visibility, the values of BCD and the glare sensation in lower and upper visual field.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.785-796
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• 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the changes in sperm motility, viability, HOST(hypo-osmotic swelling test), IVP(in vitro penetration), SCSA(sperm chromatin structure assay) during storage of liquid semen collected from boars with different farrowing rates using AI, and to find the relationship between boar fertility through AI and sperm diagnostic parameters during semen storage. The results of HOST were significantly decreased according to the increasing of in semen storage days and the results of IVP were significantly decreased at 3 days of semen storage (P<0.05). The %Red was significantly different among the >80%, 70󰠏80% and <70% farrowing rate group at semen storage day 6(P<0.05). The correlation coefficients between the %Red and farrowing rate were increased according to the semen storage. In conclusion, these results suggest that the sperm parameters evaluated in these studies may be useful indicators to predict the fertility of AI and evaluate the semen quality in boars.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.158-166
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• 2018

Contrary to urban development, urban regeneration is a process of land development through conservation, restoration, and management. In particular, ecologically based urban regeneration is an attempt to improve the quality of life in an area, establish a stable settlement space, and revitalize the local economy by considering the ecological environment. In this regard, the objectives of this study were to establish theoretical concepts and analyze the successful foreign cases of ecologically based urban regeneration, and propose a direction of socio-economic regeneration along with the physical-environmental regeneration of urban areas in Korea. The study results suggest the following. First, strategies must be developed to coordinate public transportation, such as buses and subways, by considering the importance of bicycle riders, along with the sustainable-commuting system. Second, both the importance of planning parks and trails around water systems in various scales while maintaining the existing natural environment as well as using natural elements, such as electric vehicles and wind-power generation systems, were emphasized. Third, urban regeneration for increased energy efficiency requires specific architectural planning and facilities. Fourth, education and research for easy access by the public, as well as public-private partnership, will be needed in the regeneration process.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.354-363
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• 2017

The purpose of this study sought to analyze the achievement of educational training of IS-Geo's (International School for Geoscience Resources; IS-Geo's) according to the structural relationships between these components by incorporating variables and those that affect learning outcomes from the Learning ecological perspective. Therefore, from January 2014 to December 2015, data analysis was conducted based on the data collected by the questionnaire for class satisfaction, which was conducted after the operation of the educational training program. The principal result is as follows. First of all, Interventions that affect learning outcomes from the learning ecology perspective have resulted in internal factors of both learning motivation and learning development, intermediate factors of both contents of education and learning curriculum, external factors of both learner support and quality of instructors. The structural relationships between the designed factors of performance indicators of interdisciplinary achievement and sub-factors have been influenced in the structural implications of internal factors, intermediate factors, and external factors that affect the learning outcomes of educational trainees who participated in the educational training programs of IS-Geo's. Also, internal factors, intermediate factors, and external factors have directly affected learning outcomes for educational trainees.