• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.99-110
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• 1999

In order to help the marketers of the men\`s casual wear brands establish the marketing strategies to their target consumers, it is the purpose of this study to investigate on the variables affecting the casual wear purchase behavior of men in twenties, thirties and forties, and to clarify the differences of casual wear purchase behavior according to their age, The subjects were 429 men in their twenties, thirties and forties living in Seoul and data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, x², ANOVA and Duncan\`s test. The results were as follows : (1) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to the self-image. Men in forties favored the conservative and not-noticeable image of casual wear, however, men in twenties and thirties favored those of the active, sexy, and distinctive image. (2) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to the importance of the store attributes such as convenience of transportation and parking place, clothing in vogue, and various merchandise. Men in thirties and forties put more importance on convenience of transportation and parking place. Men in forties put more importance on various merchandise than men in twenties and thirties. (3) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to general purchase behavior of casual wear. * Differences of the use of information according to age Majority of the men consulted the T.V., radio and people in their boundaries * Differences of the clothing purchase frequency according to age Men in twenties buy more clothing than other age groups. Men in twenties buy the clothing every one month and every three months and men in thirties and forties buy the clothing every three months and every six months. * Differences of the shopping day according to age Majority of the men buy the clothing on Saturday and Sunday. However men in twenties buy the clothing more on weekdays than other age groups. * Differences of the shopping place according There were not significant differences among three different age groups and majority of the men found out to utilize the department store. * Differences of the influence of the partners according to age Men in twenties found out to rely on their own decisions but men in thirties and forties found out to depend on their wives(loves). * Differences of the selection standards of casual wear according to age There were not significant differences according to age and adult males found out to select the casual wear by design, quality price in sequence.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2011

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of nuclear receptors and their activation induces regulation of fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. Therefore, the $PPAR\gamma$ is a major target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to generate pharmacophore model, 1080 known agonists database was constructed and a training set was selected. The Hypo7, selected from 10 hypotheses, contains four features: three hydrogen-bond acceptors (HBA) and one general hydrophobic (HY). This pharmacophore model was validated by using 862 test set compounds with a correlation coefficient of 0.903 between actual and estimated activity. Secondly, CatScramble method was used to verify the model. Hence, the validated Hypo7 was utilized for searching new lead compounds over 238,819 and 54,620 chemical structures in NCI and Maybridge database, respectively. Then the leads were selected by screening based on the pharmacophore model, predictive activity, and Lipinski's rules. Candidates were obtained and subsequently the binding affinities to $PPAR\gamma$ were investigated by the molecular docking simulations. Finally the best two compounds were presented and would be useful to treat type 2 diabetes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2009

This paper describes a pattern recognition method of Magnoliae flos based on a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of the essential oil components. The botanical drug is mainly comprised of the four magnolia species (M. denudata, M. biondii, M. kobus, and M. liliflora) in Korea, although some other species are also being dealt with the drug. The GC/MS separation of the volatile components, which was extracted by the simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), was performed on a carbowax column (supelcowax 10; 30 m{\time}0.25 mm{\time}0.25{\mu}m$) using temperature programming. Variance in the retention times for all peaks of interests was within RSD 2% for repeated analyses (n = 9). Of the 74 essential oil components identified from the magnolia species, approximately 10 major components, which is $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, d-limonene, eucarlyptol (1,8-cineol), $\gamma$-terpinene, p-cymene, linalool, $\alpha$-terpineol, were commonly present in the four species. For statistical analysis, the original dataset was reduced to the 13 variables by Fisher criterion and factor analysis (FA). The essential oil patterns were processed by means of the multivariate statistical analysis including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). All samples were divided into four groups with three principal components by PCA and according to the plant origins by HCA. Thirty-three samples (23 training sets and 10 test samples to be assessed) were correctly classified into the four groups predicted by PCA. This method would provide a practical strategy for assessing the authenticity or quality of the well-known herbal drug, Magnoliae flos.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.589-597
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• 2011

본 연구는 곶감의 부산물인 감 과피를 효율적으로 이용하기 위하여 감 과피 첨가에 따른 제빵적성과 품질특성을 조사하여 감 과피의 식품에의 적용 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 감 식빵 제조는 감 과피를 열풍건조기(50$^{\circ}C$, 48 hr)로 완전히 건조 한 후 분쇄한 후 20 mesh로 분말화하였으며 감 과피 첨가비율은 0, 4, 6 및 8%으로 하였다. 감 과피 식빵의 수분활성도를 측정한 결과 저장기간이 증가할수록 모두 수분손실로 감소하였으며 대조군 보다 처리군의 감소의 폭이 좁았다. 식빵의 무게는 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 부피는 대조군과 첨가군 모두에서 조금 작아지는 경향을 보였다. RVA를 측정한 결과 점도의 특성에서 호화온도는 대조군이 가장 낮았고 최고점도, 최저점도, 강하점도는 대조군에 비해 감 과피 첨가 비율에 따라 감소하는 경향이었다. 색도의 변화에 있어서는 감 과피 첨가 비율이 증가할 수록 L값은 점차 낮아졌으며 a값 및 b값은 오히려 증가하였다. 텍스처의 변화는 경도, 탄력성, 응집성, 점착성 및 씹힙성 모두에서 감 과피 첨가 비율이 증가할수록 높은 값을 나타내었으나 대조군보다는 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 관능검사를 조사한 결과 감 과피의 특유의 질감으로 대조군에 비해 씹힘성과 씹은 후 이물감 항목에서 낮은 평가를 받았으나 보통 이상의 점수를 받아 이용성이 가능할 것으로 나타났다. 그 외 항목인 색, 향미, 촉촉한 정도, 맛, 종합적인 기호도에서는 대조군에 비해 감 과피 첨가군이 더 높은 점수를 받았다. 전반적으로 감 과피 4%와 6% 첨가군에서 높게 평가되어 감 과피를 식빵에 첨가 할 경우 감 과피 4~6% 첨가하는 것을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2006

최근 콘크리트용 골재의 활용실무는 골재의 품질 및 공급상의 문제점들로 인하여 장기적으로 2종류 이상의 골재를 혼합하여 사용하는 것이 유리할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 2종류 이상의 골재를 혼합사용하는 것에 대한 연구는 미흡하고, 그에 따른 최적배합 평가 방법의 도입도 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 천연잔골재, 부순잔골재, 재생잔골재의 3종의 혼합모래를 혼합율 변화에 따른 시멘트 모르터의 굳지 않은 상태와 경화 상태의 제반 물성실험을 통하여 최적배합평가 방법에 대해 검토하였다. 실험결과, 플로우는 천연잔골재와 부순잔골재의 혼합 비율이 클수록 높게 나타났으며, 압축강도 및 휨강도도 천연잔골재와 부순잔골재를 일정 비율로 혼합한 경우는 부순잔골재와 유사한 강도를 나타내지만, 재생잔골재가 혼합된 배함에서는 강도가 조금씩 저하되었다. 건조수축은 재생잔골재만을 사용한 경우가 건조수축율이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단, 본 연구에서는 정량적 수치의 표현은 아니지만 3종류의 잔골재를 사용할 경우의 최적배합 표현방법을 3차원적으로 나타내어 최적배합을 쉽게 알아볼 수 있도록 도상화 수법을 제안하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2004

To evaluate the acute effects of fine particles on pulmonary function, a longitudinal study was conducted. This study was carried out for the schoolchildren (3rd and 6th grades) living in Beijing, China. Each child was provided with a mini-Wright peak flow meter and a preformatted health symptom diary for 40 days, and was trained on their proper use. Participants were instructed to perform the peak flow test three times in standing position, three times a day (9 am, 12 pm, and 8 pm), and to record all the readings along with the symptoms (cold, cough, and asthmatic symptoms) experienced on that day. Daily measurement of fine particles (PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$) was obtained in the comer of the playground of the participating elementary school for the same period of this longitudinal study. The relationship between daily peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and fine particle levels was analyzed using a mixed linear regression models including gender, height, the presence of respiratory symptoms, and daily average temperature and relative humidity as extraneous variables. The total number of students participating in this longitudinal study was 87. The range of daily measured PEFR was 253-501$\ell$/min. In general, the PEFR measured in the morning was lower than the PEFR measured in the evening (or afternoon) on the same day. The daily mean concentrations of PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ over the study period were 180.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ and 103.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively. The IQR (inter-quartile range) of PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ were 91.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ and 58.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. During the study period, the national ambient air quality standard of 150$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ (for PM$_{10}$) was exceeded in 23 days (57.5%). The analysis showed that an increase of 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ of PM$_{10}$ corresponded to 0.59$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ increment of PM$_{2.5}$. Daily mean PEFR was regressed with the 24-hour average PM$_{10}$ (or PM$_{2.5}$) levels, weather information such as air temperature and relative humidity, and individual characteristics including gender, height, and respiratory symptoms. The analysis showed that the increase of fine particle concentrations was negatively associated with the variability in PEFR. The IQR increments of PM$_{10}$ or PM$_{2.5}$ (at 1-day time lag) were also shown to be related with 1.54 $\ell$/min (95% Confidence intervals: 0.94-2.14) and 1.56$\ell$/min (95% CI: 0.95-2.16) decline in PEFR.R.ine in PEFR.ine in PEFR.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.248-257
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Cortical bone plays an important role in the primary implant stability, which is essential to immediate/early loading. However, immediate load-bearing capacity and primary implant stability according to the change of the cortical bone thickness have not been reported. Purpose. The objectives of this study were (1) to measure the immediate load-bearing capacity of implant and primary implant stability according to the change of cortical bone thickness, and (2) to evaluate the correlation between them. Material and methods.48, screw-shaped implants (3.75 mm$\times$7 mm) were placed into bovine rib bone blocks with different upper cortical bone thickness (0-2.5 mm) and resonance frequency (RF) values were measured subsequently. After fastening of healing abutment. implants were subjected to a compressive load until tolerated micromotion threshold known for the osseointegration and load values at threshold were recorded. Thereafter, RF measurement after loading, CT taking and image analysis were performed serially to evaluate the cortical bone quality and quantity. Immediate load-bearing capacity and RF values were analyzed statistically with ANOVA and post-hoc method at 95% confidence level (P<0.05). Regression analysis and correlation test were also performed. Results. Existence and increase of cortical bone thickness increased the immediate load-bearing capacity and RF value (P<0.05) With the result of regression analysis, all parameter's of cortical bone thickness to immediate load-bearing capacity and resonance frequency showed significant positive values (P<0.0001). A significant high correlation was observed between the cortical bone thickness and immediate load-beating capacity (r=0.706, P<0.0001), between the cortical bone thickness and resonance frequency (r=0.753, P<0.0001) and between the immediate load-bearing capacity and resonance frequency (r=0.755, P<0.0001). Conclusion. In summary, cortical bone thickness change affected the immediate load-baring capacity and the RF value. Although RF analysis (RFA) is based on the measurement of implant/bone interfacial stiffness, when the implant is inserted stably, RFA is also considered to reflect implant/bone interfacial strength of immediately after placement from high correlation with the immediate load-baring capacity. RFA and measuring the cortical bone thickness with X-ray before and during surgery could be an effective diagnosis tool for the success of immediate loading of implant.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2001

Statement of the problem. The interest in all-ceramic restorations has increased as more techniques have become available. With the introduction of machinable dental ceramics and CAD/CAM systems or Copy-milling systems there is a need for evaluating the quality levels of these new fabrication techniques. Purpose. This study was to evaluate the fitting accuracy of machined all-ceramic crowns made out of an industrially prefabricated feldspathic porcelain. Material and Methods. Three master models with different cutting depth (0.8mm/1.0mm/1.2mm)were produced using a palladium-silver alloy. A total of 36 working dies, 12 of each form, was used for the modellation of prototype resin copings and 36 additional crowns, 12 of each cutting depth, were produced by using the $CEREC^{(R)}2$ system for all crowns. The maginal fit of all 72 crowns was then evaluated on their respective master die at 54 circularly staggered points of measurement per crown under a fixation pressure of 30 N by using a computerized video image system. Results. The medians of the copy-milled $CELAY^{(R)}$ crowns ranged from 29 to $36{\mu}m$. The highest value for the marginal gap was found in group B (cutting depth 1.0mm) at $107{\mu}m$. The median for the $CEREC^{(R)}2$ crowns was found between 43.5 and $70{\mu}m$. The maximum values for all three groups ranged from $181{\mu}m$ to $286{\mu}m$. With $286{\mu}m$ the highest value for marginal gap was found in group C. the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons analysis procedure revealed a significant influence of the production technique on the marginal fit in all three groups (p<0,02). Conclusion. 1. The $CELAY^{(R)}$ system is capable to produce all-ceramic crowns with a significantly better marginal fit than the $CEREC^{(R)}2$ system. 2. As far as premolar crowns produced with the $CEREC^{(R)}2$ system are concerned, the cutting depth has a significant influence on fitting accuracy. 3. The production of crowns with an acceptable marginal fit is possible with both systems. However, adhesive luting is recommended for milled feldspathic porcelain crowns.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.302-308
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• 2009

항균 및 항산화 활성을 갖는 약용식물 추출물을 육계에 급여하는 과정에서 약용식물이 갖는 항산화 활성이 계육에 전이될 수 있는가를 확인하기 위하여 다리육을 냉장 저장하면서 항산화 활성과 관능적 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 약용식물 추출물을 0.3%와 1%로 첨가한 사료를 급여시킨 육계의 다리육에서 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분의 함량은 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 다리육의 총 페놀 함량을 측정한 결과 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 0.3과 1.0% 처리구간 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 닭 다리육의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 0.3% 및 1.0% 약용식물 추출물 첨가군에서 대조군보다 약간 높은 라디칼 소거능을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 TBARS 값은 0.3% 및 1.0% 첨가군의 경우에는 대조군에 비하여 약간 높은 TBARS 값으로 시작하였으나 저장기간에 따른 변화를 보면 대조군에 비해서는 다소 낮은 TBARS 값을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과를 보면 저장 7일 이후에 색, 맛, 냄새 그리고 종합적 기호도에서 약용식물 첨가군이 대조군에 비하여 다소 높은 관능점수를 얻어 계육의 저장 중 산화적 변질이 급여한 약용식물 추출물에 의해 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2009

복숭아의 저장안정성 증가를 위한 연구의 일환으로 복숭아에 $0.5{\sim}2$ kGy의 저선량 감마선을 조사하여 $20^{\circ}C$에서 9일동안 저장하면서 복숭아의 미생물학적 및 이화학적 품질 특성을 살펴보았다. 복숭아의 총 호기성 세균과 효모 및 곰팡이의 변화는 조사선량에 따라 감소하여 감마선 조사가 미생물 저감효과를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 기계적 경도 측정결과 조사선량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 색도 변화는 감마선 조사에 의해 명도(L)가 감소하고, 적색도(a)와 황색도(b)는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. pH, 가용성 고형물, 총 폴리페놀 함량, 항산화 활성 변화는 감마선 조사된 시료구가 비조사구에 비해 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 선량에 비례하여 증가하였다. 비타민 C(아스코르브산) 함량 변화는 조사선량과 저장기간에 비례하여 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 감마선 조사에 의한 영향을 나타나지 않았다. 관능검사 결과 비조사구에 비해 조사구에서 높은 기호도를 보였으며, 저장 기간이 지남에 따라 비조사구와 조사구(0.5, 1, 1.5 kGy)의 기호도는 유의차를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 복숭아에 대한 저선량 감마선 조사는 복숭아의 색도, 물리적 특성에 좋지 않은 영향을 나타내지만, 미생물학적 안정성에 효과적이며 항산화능을 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다.