• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.611-615
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• 2010

본 논문은 이차 변형을 이용하여 캐릭터 동작을 만화적으로 과장하는 방법을 소개한다. 기존의 캐릭터 동작 과장 기법이 각 관절의 회전각 운동 곡선을 독립적으로 과장한 것과 달리, 우리는 캐릭터의 전체적인 포즈를 이차 변형으로 모델링하고 이를 과장함으로써 캐릭터 전체의 움직임이 과장되는 효과를 낼 수 있었다. 제시한 방법은 실시간에 빠르게 계산될 수 있으며 관절이 불안정한 방향으로 꺾이는 등의 부작용이 상대적으로 적다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2022

The plastic deformation behavior of additively manufactured anisotropic structures are analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). Hill's quadratic anisotropic yield function is used, and a modified return-mapping method based on dual potential is presented. The plane stress biaxial loading condition is considered to investigate the number of iterations required for the convergence of the Newton-Raphson method during plastic deformation analysis. In this study, incompressible plastic deformation is considered, and the associated flow rule is assumed. The modified return-mapping method is implemented using the ABAQUS UMAT subroutine and effective in reducing the number of iterations in the Newton-Raphson method. The anisotropic tensile behavior is computed using the 3-dimensional FEM for two tensile specimens manufactured along orthogonal additive directions.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2010

In this paper, the boom of a floating crane is modeled as a 3-dimensional elastic beam in order to analyze the dynamic response of the crane and its cargo. The boom is divided into more than two elements based on finite element formulation, and deformation of each element is expressed in terms of shape matrix and nodal coordinates. The equations of motion for the elastic boom consist of a mass matrix, a stiffness matrix, and a quadratic velocity vector that contains the gyroscopic and Coriolis forces. The size and complicity of the matrices increase in proportion with the number of elements. Therefore, it is not possible to derive the equations of motion explicitly for different number of elements. To overcome this difficulty, matrices for one 3-dimensional element are expressed with elementary sub-matrices. In particular, the quadratic velocity vector is derived as a product of a shape matrix and a 3-dimensional rotation matrix. By using the derived matrices, the equations of motion for the multi-element boom are automatically constructed. To verify the implementation of the elastic boom based on finite element formulation, we simulated a simple vibration of the elastic boom and compared the average deformation with the analytic solution. Finally, heave motion of the floating crane and surge motion of the cargo are presented as application examples of the elastic boom.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.753-767
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• 2019

Vibration control in mechanical equipments is an important problem where unwanted vibrations are vanish or at least diminished. In this paper, free vibration active control of the porous sandwich piezoelectric polymeric nanocomposite microbeam with microsensor and microactuater layers are investigated. The aim of this research is to reduce amplitude of vibration in micro beam based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR). Modified couple stress theory (MCST) according to sinusoidal shear deformation theory is presented. The porous sandwich microbeam is rested on elastic foundation. The core and face sheet are made of porous and three-phase carbon nanotubes/resin/fiber nanocomposite materials. The equations of motion are extracted by Hamilton's principle and then Navier's type solution are employed for solving them. The governing equations of motion are written in space state form and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is used for active control approach. The various parameters are conducted to investigate on the frequency response function (FRF) of the sandwich microbeam for vibration active control. The results indicate that the higher length scale to the thickness, the face sheet thickness to total thickness and the considering microsensor and microactutor significantly affect LQR and uncontrolled FRF. Also, the porosity coefficient increasing, Skempton coefficient and Winkler spring constant shift the frequency response to higher frequencies. The obtained results can be useful for micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) and nano-electro-mechanical (NEMS) systems.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2014

Time series of the dynamic response of a slender marine structure was predicted using quadratic Volterra series. The wave-structure interaction system was identified using the NARX(Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous Input) technique, and the network parameters were determined through the supervised training with the prepared datasets. The dataset used for the network training was obtained by carrying out the nonlinear finite element analysis on the freely standing riser under random ocean waves of white noise. The nonlinearities involved in the analysis were both large deformation of the structure under consideration and the quadratic term of relative velocity between the water particle and structure in Morison formula. The linear and quadratic frequency response functions of the given system were extracted using the multi-tone harmonic probing method and the time series of response of the structure was predicted using the quadratic Volterra series. In order to check the applicability of the method, the response of structure under the realistic ocean wave environment with given significant wave height and modal period was predicted and compared with the nonlinear time domain simulation results. It turned out that the predicted time series of the response of structure with quadratic Volterra series successfully captures the slowly varying response with reasonably good accuracy. It is expected that the method can be used in predicting the response of the slender offshore structure exposed to the Morison type load without relying on the computationally expensive time domain analysis, especially for the screening purpose.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2017

In this study, free vibration of functionally graded (FG) micro/nanobeams based on nonlocal third-order shear deformation theory and under different boundary conditions is investigated by applying the differential quadrature method. Third-order shear deformation theory can consider the both small-scale effects and quadratic variation of shear strain and hence shear stress along the FG nanobeam thickness. The governing equations are obtained by using the Hamilton's principle, based on third-order shear deformation beam theory. The differential quadrature (DQ) method is used to discretize the model and attain the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The properties of FG micro/nanobeam are assumed to be chanfged along the thickness direction based on the simple power law distribution. The effects of various parameters such as the nonlocal parameter, gradient index, boundary conditions and mode number on the vibration characteristics of FG micro/nanobeams are discussed in detail.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 II
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• pp.1254-1259
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• 2001

This paper deals with the free vibrations of circular arches with variable cross-section. The differential equations governing free, in-plane vibrations of tapered circular arches, including the effects of rotatory inertia, shear deformation and axial deformation, are derived and solved numerically to obtain frequencies and mode shapes. Numerical results are calculated for the quadratic arches with hinged-hinged and clamped-clamped end constraints. Three general taper types for a rectangular section are considered. The lowest four natural frequencies and mode shapes are presented over a range of non-dimensional system parameters： the subtended angle, the slenderness ratio and the section ratio.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.248-258
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• 1992

Three-dimensional rigid-plastic finite element formulation based on the membrane theory was described and a computer program for large deformation analysis was developed. In the formulation, normal and planar anisotropy of sheet material and rotation of the principal axes of anisotropy was taken into consideration. Sheet metal was assumed to be rigid-plastic material obeying Hill's quadratic yield criterion and its associated flow rule. Deep drawing process, as a preliminary test, for normal anisotropic material was analyzed in order to examine the validity of developed finite element program. The results were consistent with the existing finite element solutions or experimental data. The present study was mainly concerned with the influence of planar anisotropy on deformation behaviour. Finite element analysis and experiment were carried out for the whole process of deep drawing of planar anisotropic material. The computational and experimental results on the shape of ear, strain distribution and punch load were in good agreement.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.84-91
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• 1999

The goal of this study is to analyse the stress and the strain occurring within the work piece at the fine-blanking process and hence to assume the size direction and a distribution chart of the shearing stress as the penetration of the punch is being increased trough the application of the FEM. For this analysis we introduced the piece-wise linear method in the non linear structural analysis program for large deformation sheet metal forming and we defined it as the problem of the non linear contact. Therefore we modeled the above problems as quadratic-nodded axi-symmetrical elements for the character-istics of the work piece. From the result of this analysis it was found that the shearing stress is a great deal occurred on the surface of the work piece during the beginning process of the punch penetration and it's effect is expected to influence importantly for the formation of burnish because the deeper is the penetration of the punch in the narrow clearance zone. the greater is the degree of the strain stress.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권6호
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• pp.765-780
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• 2023

In this work, a novel combined logarithmic, secant and tangential 2D and quasi-3D refined higher order shear deformation theory is proposed to examine the buckling analysis of simply supported uniform functionally graded plates under uniaxial and biaxial loading. The proposed formulations contain a reduced number of variables compared to others similar solutions. The combined function employed in this study ensures automatically the zero-transverse shear stresses at the free surfaces of the structure. Various models of the material distributions are considered (linear, quadratic, cubic inverse quadratic and power-law). The differentials stability equations are derived via virtual work principle with including the stretching effect. The Navier's approach is applied to solve the governing equations which satisfying the boundary conditions. Several comparative and parametric studies are performed to illustrates the validity and efficacity of the proposed model and the various factors influencing the critical buckling load of thick FG plate.