• Quantitative Bio-Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2018

This study has analyzed applicable characteristics on big data of the meteorology and climate depending on press releases in the media. As a result, more than half of them were conducted by governmental departments and institutions (26.9%) and meteorological administration (25.0%). Most articles were written by journalists, especially the highest portion stems from straight articles focusing on delivering simple information. For each field, the number of cases had listed in order of rank to be exposed to the media; information service, business management, farming, livestock, and fishing industries, and disaster management, but others did rank far behind; insurance, construction, hydrology and energy. Application of big data about meteorology and climate differed depending on the seasonal change, it was directly related to temperature information during spring, to weather phenomenon such as monsoon and heat wave during summer, to meteorology and climate information during fall, and to weather phenomenon such as cold wave and heavy snow during winter.

• Quantitative Bio-Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2018

Pim kinases are important targets for cancer therapies because they are mainly responsible for cancer metastasis and overall therapeutic treatment responses. Because of their unusual structural feature in the hinge region of the ATP-binding site, new binding motifs have been discovered and used for the development of Pim kinases inhibitors. The results of a screening of 5-membered heteroaromatic compounds and the effects of structural modifications on the inhibition of Pim kinases' activities showed the potential scaffold for Pim inhibitors. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione was found as a new scaffold for Pim kinase inhibitors.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.621-657
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• 2024

In this study, the numerical solution of a space-fractional Burgers' equation with initial and boundary conditions is considered. This equation is the simplest nonlinear model for diffusive waves in fluid dynamics. It occurs in a variety of physical phenomena, including viscous sound waves, waves in fluid-filled viscous elastic pipes, magneto-hydrodynamic waves in a medium with finite electrical conductivity, and one-dimensional turbulence. The proposed QBS/CNG technique consists of the Galerkin method with a function basis of quadratic B-splines for the spatial discretization of the space-fractional Burgers' equation. This is then followed by the Crank-Nicolson approach for time-stepping. A linearized scheme is fully constructed to reduce computational costs. Stability analysis, error estimates, and convergence rates are studied. Finally, some test problems are used to confirm the theoretical results and the proposed method's effectiveness, with the results displayed in tables, 2D, and 3D graphs.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.663-666
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• 2015

In this research, botanical extracts containing green tea, Saururus chinensis and Prunus padus were tested to see possibility as shampoo. Leaves of Green tea and Saururus chinensis were extracted with hot water. Prunus padus bark extract was applied reverse osmosis and ultrasonic extraction. When interfacial tension was measured among shampoo including botanical extracts, Sodium dodecylsulfate(SDS) and Quillaja Bark Saponin(QBS), that of shampoo was lower than that of SDS and QBS at lower concentration, however, it showed similar interfacial tension at 100% concentration. Shampoo showed moderate antimicrobial activity in Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Botanical extract did not indicate cell toxicity up to $350{\mu}g/ml$ concentration in MTT assay. Shampoo containing botanical extract was stable for 3 months, however, it showed considerable variation in pH and viscosity. In conclusion, shampoo containing botanical extract shows strong possibility for natural shampoo if the formulation is modified.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.1 s.104
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• pp.29-36
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• 2006

In this paper, we present a leaf image retrieval system that represents and retrieves leaf images based on their shape. For more effective representation of leaf images, we improved an existing MPP algorithm. Also, in order to reduce the response time, we proposed a new dynamic matching algorithm at basically revises the Nearest Neighbor search. The system provides users with an interface for uploading query images or tools to generate queries based on shape features and retrieves images based on their similarity. For convenience, users are allowed to easily query images by sketching leaf shape or leaf arrangement on the web. In the experiment, we constructed an image database of Korean native plants and measured the system performance by counting the number of similar images retrieved for queries.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1013-1020
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• 2005

This paper presents an effective and robust leaf image retrieval system based on shape feature. Specifically, we propose an improved MPP algorithm for more effective representation of leaf images and show a new dynamic matching algorithm that basically revises the Nearest Neighbor search to reduce the matching time. In particular, both leaf shape and leaf arrangement can be sketched in the query for better accuracy and efficiency. In the experiment, we compare our proposed method with other methods including Centroid Contour Distance(CCD), Fourier Descriptor, Curvature Scale Space Descriptor(CSSD), Moment Invariants, and MPP. Experimental results on one thousand leaf images show that our approach achieves a better performance than other methods.

• Quantitative Bio-Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2017

Datasets from DNA microarray experiments, which are in the form of large matrices of expression levels of genes, often have missing values. However, the existing statistical methods including the principle components analysis (PCA) and Hotelling's t-test are not directly applicable for the datasets having missing values due to the fact that they assume the observed dataset is complete in general. Many methods have been proposed in previous literature to impute the missing in the observed data. Troyanskaya et al. [1] study the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) imputation, Kim et al. [2] propose the local least squares (LLS) method and Rubin [3] propose the multiple imputation (MI) for missing values. To identify differentially expressed genes, we propose a new testing procedure when the missing exists in the observed data. The proposed procedure uses the Stouffer's z-scores and combines the test results of individual imputed samples, which are dependent to each other. We numerically show that the proposed test procedure based on MI performs better than the existing test procedures based on single imputation (SI) by comparing their ROC curves. We apply the proposed method to analyzing a public microarray data.

• Quantitative Bio-Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2018

Graphical lasso is one of the most popular methods to estimate a sparse precision matrix, which is an inverse of a covariance matrix. The objective function of graphical lasso imposes an ${\ell}_1$-penalty on the (vectorized) precision matrix, where a tuning parameter controls the strength of the penalization. The selection of the tuning parameter is practically and theoretically important since the performance of the estimation depends on an appropriate choice of tuning parameter. While information criteria (e.g. AIC, BIC, or extended BIC) have been widely used, they require an asymptotically unbiased estimator to select optimal tuning parameter. Thus, the biasedness of the ${\ell}_1$-regularized estimate in the graphical lasso may lead to a suboptimal tuning. In this paper, we propose a two-staged bias-correction procedure for the graphical lasso, where the first stage runs the usual graphical lasso and the second stage reruns the procedure with an additional constraint that zero estimates at the first stage remain zero. Our simulation and real data example show that the proposed bias correction improved on both edge recovery and estimation error compared to the single-staged graphical lasso.

• Quantitative Bio-Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2018

This study was performed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of Stachys riederi var. japonica ethanol extract (SREE) to control oxidative stress induced by UVA-irradiation by examining antioxidant capacity and gene expression of cytochrome c using human dermal fibroblasts. The total polyphenolics and flavonoids in the SREE were 41.2 and 25.4 mg/g, respectively. At concentrations of 500 and $1000{\mu}g/mL$, the electron-donating ability of SREE was 48.6% and 82.0%, respectively, and the 2,2'-azino-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was 62.3% and 78.8%, respectively. These findings showed that SREE has a fairly good antioxidant capacity. As determined by an MTT assay, the maximum permissible level for treating SREE to human dermal fibroblasts was shown to be over $200{\mu}g/mL$. SREE ($200{\mu}g/mL$) significantly decreased cytochrome c mRNA and protein expression by 31.1% (p<0.001) and 38.8% (p<0.01), respectively. These findings suggest that SREE may protect human skin cells against mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Therefore, SREE seems to be a natural antioxidant to protect cells against oxidative stress induced by UVA-irradiation.

• Quantitative Bio-Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2018

In this study, noble strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified by genetic analysis of 16s rRNA. Also, pH-dependent growth curve, cholesterol assimilation ability and sugar production efficiency were measured. Lactic acid bacteria were identified to inhabit in the milks from various animals. Results of sequence analysis showed that there were differences in 16S rRNA sequence among strains and part of gene deletion was also recognized. Growth rates were varied, too, depending on the pH of the medium. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK908 isolated from cow milk showed the highest growth rate and high cholesterol assimilation ability. Results of sugar fermentation tests were relatively consistent with the sequencing results. So, we propose newly isolated Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK908 as useful candidate for a starter of fermented beverage and probiotics. Results of this study will contribute to the isolation and identification of noble Lactic acid bacteria and to the public health.