• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제36권3_4호
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• pp.271-283
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• 2018

In this paper, we introduce various first order (p, q)-difference equations. We investigate solutions to equations which are linear (p, q)-difference equations and nonlinear (p, q)-difference equations. We also find some properties of (p, q)-calculus, exponential functions, and inverse function.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.93-117
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• 2019

In this paper we wish to study some growth properties of entire functions represented by a vector valued Dirichlet series on the basis of (p, q)-th relative Ritt order, (p, q)-th relative Ritt type and (p, q)-th relative Ritt weak type where p and q are integers such that $p{\geq}0$ and $q{\geq}0$.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.297-336
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• 2018

In this paper we wish to establish some basic properties of entire functions represented by a vector valued Dirichlet series on the basis of (p, q)-th relative Ritt order, (p, q)-th relative Ritt type and (p, q)-th relative Ritt weak type where p and q are integers such that $p{\geq}0$ and $q{\geq}0$.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-33
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• 2019

The main aim of this paper is to establish some comparative growth properties of composite entire functions on the basis of their relative (p, q)-th order, relative (p, q)-th lower order, relative (p, q)-th type, relative (p, q)-th weak type of entire function with respect to another entire function where p and q are any two positive integers.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2022

Let N^(q) be an arithmetic table of a negative exponent polynomial with q-commuting variables. We study sequential properties of diagonal sums of N^(q). We first device a q-coefficient table $\hat{N}$ of N^(q), find sequences of diagonal sums over $\hat{N}$, and then retrieve the findings of $\hat{N}$ to N^(q). We also explore recurrence rules of s-slope diagonal sums of N^(q) with various s and q.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2010

q-Volkenborn integrals ([8]) and fermionic invariant q-integrals ([12]) are introduced by T. Kim. By using these integrals, Euler q-zeta functions are introduced by T. Kim ([18]). Then, by using the Euler q-zeta functions, S.-H. Rim, S. J. Lee, E. J. Moon, and J. H. Jin ([25]) studied q-Genocchi zeta functions. And also Y. H. Kim, W. Kim, and C. S. Ryoo ([7]) investigated twisted q-zeta functions and their applications. In this paper, we consider the q-analogue of twisted Lerch type Euler zeta functions defined by $${\varsigma}E,q,\varepsilon(s)=[2]q \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty\frac{(-1)^n\epsilon^nq^{sn}}{[n]_q}$$ where 0 < q < 1, $\mathfrak{R}$(s) > 1, $\varepsilon{\in}T_p$, which are compared with Euler q-zeta functions in the reference ([18]). Furthermore, we give the q-extensions of the above twisted Lerch type Euler zeta functions at negative integers which interpolate twisted q-Euler polynomials.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.775-781
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the protective effect of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ on cytotoxicity effect of dental monomers in odontoblast(MDPC-23). Methods : MDPC-23 was incubated with the(co)monomers triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) with and without addition of coenzyme $Q_{10}$. The cell proliferation and survival was determined using WST-1 assay. The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS) was measured by immunofluorescent staining for DCF-DA. Results : TEGDMA treatment decreased the cell proliferation by dose dependently(0.1, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 mM) on the growth of MDPC-23 cells. Coenzyme $Q_{10}$ showed cell proliferation from 5 to $500{\mu}M$ by WST-1 assay. Pre-treatment coenzyme $Q_{10}$ showed the antioxidant effect on proliferation and viability of MDPC-23 after 48h(p<0.05). The positive cells were observed in non-coenyme $Q_{10}$ treatment group(group 2) in comparison with coenyme $Q_{10}$ pre-treatment group(group 1) by DCF-DA. The fluorescence positive cells showed 14.715(group 1) and 19.788(group 2) using image J system. Conclusions : TEGDMA induced cytotoxicity. The MDPC-23 cell death was associated with the increasing ROS. Coenyme $Q_{10}$ showed the antioxidant effects by decreasing ROS. This effects may contribute to the treatment of periodontal disease induced by TEGDMA after operation.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2021

최근 스마트 센서는 다양한 환경에서 사용되고 있으며, 애드혹 센서 네트워크 (ASN) 구현에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존 센서 네트워크 라우팅 알고리즘은 특정 제어 문제에 초점을 맞추며 ASN 작업에 직접 적용할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 Q-learning 기술을 이용한 새로운 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안하는데, 제안된 접근 방식의 주요 과제는 균형 잡힌 시스템 성능을 확보하면서 효율적인 에너지 할당을 통해 ASN의 수명을 연장하는 것이다. 제안된 방법의 특징은 다양한 환경적 요인을 고려하여 Q-learning 효과를 높이며, 특히 각 노드는 인접 노드의 Q 값을 자체 Q 테이블에 저장하여 데이터 전송이 실행될 때마다 Q 값이 업데이트되고 누적되어 최적의 라우팅 경로를 선택하는 것이다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 방법이 에너지 효율적인 라우팅 경로를 선택할 수 있으며 기존 ASN 라우팅 프로토콜에 비해 우수한 네트워크 성능을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.744-754
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• 2020

본 연구는 파킨슨 질환(Parkinson's disease) 마우스 모델을 대상으로 지구성 운동과 MitoQ 섭취가 뇌의 흑질의 미토콘드리아 기능에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 파킨슨 질환을 유도하기 위해 C57BL/6 수컷 마우스를 대상으로 복강 내 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 25mg/kg과 흡수를 돕기 위한 probenecid 250mg/kg을 이용하여 주 2회 5주간 총 10회 투여하였다. 실험 집단은 생리식염수를 투여하는 집단(Normal Conrol (NC), n=10), MPTP 투여집단(MPTP Control (MC), n=10), MPTP 투여 + MitoQ 투여집단(MPTP + MitoQ (MQ), n=10), MPTP 투여 + 운동집단(MPTP + Exercise (ME), n=10), MPTP 투여 + MitoQ 투여 + 운동집단(MPTP + MitoQ + Exercise (MQE), n=10) 총 5 집단으로 구성하였으며, 운동집단은 지구성 운동을 실시하였고 MitoQ집단은 점진적으로 250μmol로 늘리면서 5주간 섭취하였다. 연구결과 Rotarod-test에서 MC 집단에 비해 처치 집단은 운동 기능 저하의 개선을 보였다. 또한 MC 집단에 비해 처치 집단은 tyrosine hydroxylase의 수준의 증가와 알파시누클린(α-synuclein) 단백질 축적을 감소시켰다. 그리고 미토콘드리아 생합성에 주요조절 인자인 PGC-1α와 항산화 효소인 Catalase 발현이 MC 집단에 비해 처치 집단에서 증가해 미토콘드리아 기능을 개선했으며, 세포사멸 조절인자인 Bcl-2의 증가와 Bax의 감소를 통해 세포사멸을 완화했다. 따라서 5주간의 지구성 운동과 MitoQ 섭취는 파킨슨 질환에서 나타나는 병리학적 특징을 완화하고 운동기능을 향상시키는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2022

Objective: Oxidative stress and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) have been linked to idiopathic male infertility (IMI). Various antioxidants have been tried to improve semen parameters and fertility potential in IMI patients, but with inconsistent results. The study aimed to compare the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and Centrum multivitamins on semen parameters, seminal antioxidant capacity, and SDF in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia (OA). Methods: This prospective controlled clinical study involved 130 patients with idiopathic OA and 58 fertile controls. The patients were divided randomly into two groups: the first group received CoQ10 (200 mg/day orally) and the second group received Centrum multivitamins (1 tablet/day) for 3 months. Semen parameters, CoQ10 levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, SDF, and serum hormone levels (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and prolactin) were compared at baseline and after 3 months. Results: Both CoQ10 and Centrum improved sperm concentration and motility, but the improvement was greater with Centrum therapy (p<0.05). Similarly, both therapies improved antioxidant capacity, but TAC and catalase improvement was greater (p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively) with CoQ10, whereas ROS (p<0.01) and SDF (p<0.001) improvements were greater with Centrum administration. Centrum therapy was associated with reduced serum testosterone (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, both CoQ10 and Centrum were effective in improving semen parameters, antioxidant capacity, and SDF, but the improvement was greater with Centrum than with CoQ10. Therefore, Centrum-as a source of combined antioxidants-may provide more effective results than individual antioxidants such as CoQ10 in the treatment of infertile men with idiopathic OA.