• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.125-129
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• 2000

In this paper, We designed and fabricated C-band bandpass filter using dielectric resonators. From waveguide cutoff frequency which applied the region between adjacent dielectric resonators, the height of cavity is determined. The cavity's diameter is determined to the twice of dielectric resonator's diameter considering the conductor loss. The resonant frequency of the DR-cavity is calculated with travelling wave mode analysis. Conventionally, circular cylindrical dielectric resonator is analysed by Cohn's model which use the evanescent mode in the region between dielectric resonator wall and circular cavity wall, which is an approximated method. The external quality factor, Q$_{ex}$ has found with simulation result using Ansoft's Maxwell simulation tool. The designed filter using dielectric resonators with dielectric constant of 45 has the passband center at 5.065GHz. The bandpass filter using dielectric resonators have about 1dB insertion loss. 20MHz bandwidth and more than 30dB attenuation at f$_{0}$$\pm$15MHz.z.z.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.605-617
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• 2020

The existence of damages in structures causes changes in the physical properties by reducing the modal parameters. In this paper, we develop a two-stages approach based on normalized Modal Strain Energy Damage Indicator (nMSEDI) for quick applications to predict the location of damage. A two-dimensional IsoGeometric Analysis (2D-IGA), Machine Learning Algorithm (MLA) and optimization techniques are combined to create a new tool. In the first stage, we introduce a modified damage identification technique based on frequencies using nMSEDI to locate the potential of damaged elements. In the second stage, after eliminating the healthy elements, the damage index values from nMSEDI are considered as input in the damage quantification algorithm. The hybrid of Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are used along with nMSEDI. The objective of TLBO is to estimate the parameters of PSO-ANN to find a good training based on actual damage and estimated damage. The IGA model is updated using experimental results based on stiffness and mass matrix using the difference between calculated and measured frequencies as objective function. The feasibility and efficiency of nMSEDI-PSO-ANN after finding the best parameters by TLBO are demonstrated through the comparison with nMSEDI-IGA for different scenarios. The result of the analyses indicates that the proposed approach can be used to determine correctly the severity of damage in beam structures.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.590-598
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• 2006

In-situ Air sparging (IAS) is a groundwater remediation technique, in which organic contaminants volatilize into air form the saturated to vadose zone. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of sludge and soil microbial community structure on air sparging of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) contaminated groundwater soils. In the laboratory, diesel (10,000 mg TPH/kg) contaminated saturated soil. The Air was injected in intermittent (Q=1500 mL/min, 10 minute injection and 10 minute idle) modes. For Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of eubacterial communities in sludge of wastewater treatment plants and soil of experiment site, the 16S rDNA was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from the sludge and the soil. The obtained 16S rDNA fragments were digested with Msp I and separated by electrophoresis gel. We found various sequence types for experiment with sludge soil samples that were closely related to Agrococcus, Flavobacterium, Thermoanaerobacter, Flexibacter and Shewanella, etc, in the clone library. The results of the present study suggests that T-RFLP method may be applied as a useful tool for the monitoring in the TPH contaminated soil the fate of microorganisms in natural microbial community.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.333-344
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• 2019

In vertebrate reproductive system, estrogen receptor (ER) plays a pivotal role in mediation of estrogenic signaling pathways. In the present study, we report the cDNA cloning, expression analysis, and transcriptional activity of ERβ1 subtype from medaka Oryzias dancena. The deduced O. dancena ERβ1 (odERβ1; 519 amino acids) contained six characteristic A/B to E/F domains with very short activation function 2 region (called AF2). A phylogenetic analysis indicated that odERβ1 was highly conserved among teleost ERβ1 subgroup. A conventional RT-PCR revealed that the odERβ1 transcripts were widely distributed in the multiple tissues, the ovary, brain, gill, intestine, kidney, and muscle. Further, the relatively higher odERβ1 expressions in the ovary and brain were clearly reproduced in RT-qPCR assay. When HA-fused odERβ1 expression vector was transfected into HEK293 cells, an immunoreactivity for odERβ1 was mainly detected in the nucleus part. Finally, an estrogen responsive element driven luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of odERβ1 significantly increased by estradiol-17β (E2) in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). However, fold-activation of odERβ1 in the presence of E2 was markedly weak, when it compared with those of O. latipes ERβ1. Taken together, these data suggest that odERβ1 represents a functional variant of teleost ERβ subtype and provides a basic tool allowing future studies examining the function of F domain of ERβ1 subtype and expanding our knowledge of ERβ evolution.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2008

An all-optical 4-bit Gray code to binary coded decimal (BCD) converter by means of commercially available numerical analysis tool (VPI) was demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge. Circuit design approach was modified appropriately in order to fit the electrical method on an all-optical logic circuit based on a cross gain modulation (XGM) process so that signal degradation due to the non-ideal optical logic gates can be minimized. Without regenerations, Q-factor of around 4 was obtained for the most severely degraded output bit (least significant bit-LSB) with 2.5 Gbps clean input signals having 20 dB extinction ratio. While modifying the two-level simplification method and Karnaugh map method to design a Gray code to BCD converter, a general design concept was also founded (one-level simplification) in this research, not only for the Gray code to BCD converter but also for any general applications.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2008

Hot air sparging is a groundwater remediation technique, in which organic contaminants volatilized into hot air from the saturated to vadose zone. In the laboratory diesel (10,000 mg TPH/kg) was spiked in contaminated saturated aquifer soil. The hot air ($34.9{\pm}2.7^{\circ}C$) was injected in intermittent (Q=1,500 mL/min, 10 minute injection and 10 minute idle) modes. We performed microcosm tests using the groundwater samples to assess TPH reductive remediation activity. For Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of eubacterial communities in sludge of wastewater treatment plants and soil of experiment site, the 16S rDNA was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from the sludge and the soil. The obtained 16S rDNA fragments were digested with Msp I and separated by electrophoresis gel. We found various sequence types for hot air sparging experiment with sludge soil samples that were closely related to Bacillus (149 bp, Firmicutes), Methlobacterium (149 bp, Euryarchaeotes), Pseudomonas (492 bp, ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria), etc., in the clone library. In this study we find that TPH-water was reduced to 78.9% of the initial value in this experiment aquifer. The results of the present study suggests that T-RFLP method may be applied as a useful tool for the monitoring in the TPH contaminated soil fate of microorganisms in natural microbial community.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.146-152
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• 2007

An active micro-mixer, which was composed of an oscillating micro-stirrer in the microchannel to provide rapid, effective mixing at high flow, rates was analyzed. The effects of molecular diffusion and disturbance by the stirrer were considered with regard to two types of mixer models: the simple straight microchannel and microchannel with an oscillating stirrer. Two types of mixer models were studied by analyzing mixing behaviors such as their interaction after the stirrer. The mixing was calculated by Lattice Boltzmann methods using the D2Q9 model. In this study, the time-averaged mixing index formula was used to estimate the mixing performance of time-dependent flow. The mixing indices of the two models compared. From the results, it was found that the mixer with an oscillating stirrer was much more enhanced and stabilized. Therefore, an optimum design for a dynamic micro-mixer with an oscillating stirrer was performed using Taguchi method in order to obtain a robust solution. The design parameters were established as the frequency, the length and the angle of the stirrer and the optimal values were determined to be 2, 0.8D and ${\pm}75^{\circ}$, respectively. It was found that the mixing index of the optimal design increased 80.72% compared with that of the original design.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.95-100
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• 2008

An active micro-mixer, which is composed of an oscillating micro-stirrer in the micro-channel to provide effective mixing was optimized. The effects of molecular diffusion and disturbance by the stirrer were considered with regard to two types of mixer models: the simple straight micro-channel and micro-channel with an oscillating stirrer. Two types of mixer models were studied by analyzing mixing behaviors such as their interaction after the stirrer. The mixing was calculated by Lattice Boltzmann methods using the D2Q9 model. In this study, the time-averaged mixing index formula was used to estimate the mixing performance of time-dependent flow. The mixing indices of the two models were compared. From the results, it was found that the mixer with an oscillating stirrer was much more enhanced and stabilized. Therefore, an approximate optimization of an active micro-mixer with an oscillating stirrer was performed using Kriging method with OLHD(Optimal Latin Hypercube Design) in order to determine the optimal design variables. The design parameters were established as the frequency, the length and the angle of the stirrer. The optimal values were obtained as 1.0346, 0.66D and $\pm45^{\circ}$, respectively. It was found that the mixing index of the optimal design increased by 88.72% compared with that of the original design.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.475-479
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• 2020

Tegumental and excretory-secretory proteins are reported as diagnostic antigens for human opisthorchiasis. Rhophilin associated tail protein1-like (OvROPN1L) protein of Opisthorchis viverrini sperm tail showed potential as a diagnostic antigen. The OvROPN1L recombinant fragments were assayed for diagnostic antigenicity for human opisthorchiasis using indirect ELISA. The strongest antigenic region was a N-terminus peptide of M1 - P56. One synthetic peptide (P1, L3-Q13) of this region showed the highest antigenicity to opisthorchiasis. Sera from other parasitic infections including Strongyloides stercoralis, hookworm, Taenia spp, minute intestinal flukes, Paragonimus spp showed lower reactivity to P1. Peptide P1 is located in the disordered N-terminus of ROPN1L supporting its suitability as linear epitope. In the Platyhelminthes the N-terminal sequence of ROPN1L is diverging with taxonomic distance further suggesting that peptide P1 has potential as diagnostic tool in the genus Opisthorchis/Clonorchis. It should be further evaluated in combination with peptides derived from other O. viverrini antigens to increase its diagnostic power.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 2001

A key aspect of genomic research in the “post-genome era”is to associate sequence variations with heritable phenotypes. The most common variations in the human genome are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occur approximately once in every 500 to 1,000 bases. Although analyzing the phenotypic outcome of these SNPs is crucial to facilitate large-scale association studies of genetic diseases, detection of SNPs from an extended number of human DNA samples is often difficult, labor-intensive and time-consuming. Recent development in SNP detection methods using DNA microarrays and mass spectrophotometry has allowed automated high throughput analyses, but such equipments are not accessible to many scientists. In this study, we demonstrate that a simple PCR-based method using primers with a mismatched base at the 3'-end provides a fast and easy tool to identify known SNPs from human genomic DNA in a regular molecular biology laboratory. Results from this PCR amplification of specific alleles (PASA) analysis efficiently and accurately typed the Q576R polymorphism of human IL4 receptor from the genomic DNAs of 29 Koreans, including 9 samples whose genotype could not be discerned by the conventiona1 PCR-SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) method. Given the increasing attention to disease-associated polymorphisms in genomic research, this alternative technique will be very useful to identify SNPs in large-scale population studies.