• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.59
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• pp.137-157
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• 2013

The Electronic Trade Finance not only has with the trait which is simple procedures, low cost but also easier access to using statistics compare to formerly paper based system. In Korea, all of trade finance system will be changed to electronic base by February 2014. The purpose of this research finds the using status and problems of the electronic local L/C and electronic purchase certificate, and suggests several improvements. First, the whole trade finance system should improve in terms of simple procedures, especially small and medium companies can use the system sufficient maximum limit. Second, the organizers, KTNET, KITA etc, need to the new electronic trade finance system promote to customers and training program for early settlement. It also has to manage at an unified system between IT and tex authorities. Third, small and medium size companies still think the charge for using high, so it need to make a resonable charge for using the electronic system to persuasive extent reasonable about it.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.381-395
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• 2014

The objective of the study to investigate factors affecting consumers' consumption extension toward environment-friendly agricultural products in Suncheon city. The main results of the analysis are as follows. First, the main reason that consumers purchase environment-friendly agricultural products is "concerns of pesticides." Second, NAQS is highly trusted of a certificate institution. Third, the results show that consumers is satisfied such as safety, freshness, nutrition, whereas price, package design and taste are dissatisfied. Fourth, the factors affecting increase in the consumption of environmental-friendly agricultural products, have been analyzed in the variables noted of whether Sex, marital status, purchase experience, Private Certificate Authority faulty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze consumer recognition, perceived importance, and satisfaction to create a new apple processed product and to promote its consumption. Data were collected from 527 men and women living throughout Korea through a self-administrated questionnaire. Frequencies, one-way analysis of variance, and Duncan's multiple range were conducted using SPSS v. 17.0 software. Recognition of juice and drinks, milk and dairy products, apple jam, and seasoning was high, while that of the other products was low. Consumer perceived importance of products was higher than consumer satisfaction of products. Quality preservation attributes were sanitation, taste, flavor, place of origin, and convenience of purchase. Attributes for improved consumer post-purchase satisfaction after purchasing were content of apple, quality of apple, price, and certificate of quality. The attributes of content of apple and certificate of quality were statistically different by consumer age.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.135-144
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• 2017

Recently, mobile phones have been recognized as the most convenient type of mobile payment device. However, they have some security problems; therefore, mobile devices cannot be used for unauthorized transactions using anonymous data by unauthenticated users in a cloud environment. This paper suggests a mobile payment system that uses a certificate mode in which a user receives a paperless receipt of a product purchase in a cloud environment. To address mobile payment system security, we propose the transaction certificate mode (TCM), which supports mutual authentication and key management for transaction parties. TCM provides a software token, the transaction certificate token (TCT), which interacts with a cloud self-proxy server (CSPS). The CSPS shares key management with the TCT and provides simple data authentication without complex encryption. The proposed self-creating protocol supports TCM, which can interactively communicate with the transaction parties without accessing a user's personal information. Therefore, the system can support verification for anonymous data and transaction parties and provides user-based mobile payments with a paperless receipt.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2024

This study was designed to find out consumers' behavior towards eco-friendly processed foods and to investigate the relationship between consumers' purchase intention of eco-friendly and organic processed foods, depending on the country of origin. Five hundred consumers were taken from all over the country for an empirical analysis. The results indicate that consumers' satisfaction with a certificate system of eco-friendly products is relatively high. In addition, it is found that consumers give more credit to the safety of domestic organic foods than imported organic foods. The study implies that consumers perceiving the importance of the country of origin are more likely to buy domestic organic foods. Furthermore, the importance of the country of origin and age have a positive relationship with the purchase intention of domestic organic foods.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

Purpose - This study investigates the improvement of rationalization of distribution structure in Korean diamond market. It also explores the international distribution of diamond and how the distribution of Korean diamond market system was improved. This study also for providing the evaluation method in case of purchasing diamond on the consumers. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The research investigates how international diamond distribution market has been changed since 1933 by De Beers. The international Diamond rough stone has been deregulated in supply and demand by Debeers since July, 2000, therefore, the price maintenance policy of diamond market also has been changed. In the short term, the diamond price in market has been down, whereas, in the long term, the market share of Debeers has affected the high quality of diamond price in world market. Before 1985, both G color and VVS1 clarity were used as the level of percentages in the diamond certificate of authenticity in Korea. But, after 1985, the diamond certificate of authenticity uses Diamond Grading Report. Results - Between the 1970's and 1980's, Debeers had controlled about 80 percentages of international diamond supply market. But, Debeers share in diamond market fell by 60 percentages in 2000's. Debeers supplied 31%(4390 carets) of international diamond supply and 41%(39 billion dollars) in 2003. However, Debeers shares 50% of market shares in the diamond supply market by Alosa in Russia. In Korea, the diamond grading report system has been used since 1985. But, the diamond grading report system has price bubbles and much irrational parts in grading system methods. Conclusions - 4C, the grading system of diamond, is a method for comparing and evaluating diamond objectively. Diamond is graded according to its color, cut, clarity, and carat. The price of diamond is determined based on its each item. Consumers purchase diamond for the purpose of investment and wearing. In terms of investment, it is recommended to purchase diamond with color of D grade, cut with Excellent or Very Good Cut grade, Clarity of FL or IF, and more than 3 carat. As for wearing purpose, it is highly recommended for diamond to have color of F or G grade, cut of Excellent or Very Good Cut, clarity of VS2 or SI1, and more than 1 carat Before 2000, Central Selling Organization(CSO) distributed about 80 percentages rough diamond to world market exclusively by purchase, classification, assessment, and sales. After 2000, Dbeers diamond company looses slowly market shares, while Almosa diamond company etc. in Russia are taking over world market shares more and more. Debeers market shares have been falling over the years, and the international diamond markets are gradually growing by other international diamond companies. But, there is no change in Korean diamond market after 1980's. Korean diamond distribution needs to follow international level of Diamond Grading System. By using different grading systems with different panel members, Korean diamond grading system needs to follow international perfect grading systems to grow diamond markets and maintain within top 10 diamond markets countries.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2014

The objective of the study is to investigate factors affecting consumers' purchase intention toward imported organic agricultural products. To accomplish the goal of the study a consumer survey was administered for randomly selected households residing in capital area. Results show that the more consumers trust a safety of domestic products and a certification system, the less they purchase the imported products. In addition, it is demonstrated that educated consumers are relatively less reluctant to imported organic agricultural products. Finally, an improvement of domestic certification system, decrease of price of environmentally friendly agricultural products, and aggressive promotion are required to enhance the competitiveness of the domestic environmentally friendly agricultural products.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2001

An electronic micropayment system, one of electronic payment systems, is suitable especially when a small amount of money is to be paid frequently in order to purchase on-line goods (i.e. database search, software distribution, electronic news service, etc). In addition, since the amount of payment is small, possible damages caused by system failures are lower than other payment system. In this paper, a micropayment protocol in electronic commerce environments on the Internet is proposed, based on the PayWord system. And a micropayment electronic commerce system which executes the protocol proposed is implemented. Unlike the PayWord system, however, the micropayment protocol proposed in this paper is designed in such a way that a merchant does not need to request a payment at the end of every business day since a customer cannot purchase goods beyond length of hash chains, which is specified on a certificate. In addition, the system is able to check the validity as well as the duplicate spending of hash chains. The electronic micropayment system with the proposed protocol is consists of Customers, Merchants, and Brokers. Customers are implemented on Windows NT 4.0 using VC++. Merchants are implemented on Solaris 2.5.1 and gcc 2.8.0 using Netscape Web Server and CGI Methods. HP UX 10.20 is used for Brokers.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Cloud computing helps big data processing to make various information using IT resources. The government has to start the RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard) and induce the production of electricity using renewable energy equipment. And the government manages system to gather big data that is distributed geographically. The companies can purchase the REC(Renewable Energy Certificate) to other electricity generation companies to fill shortage among their duty from the system. Because of the RPS use voluntary competitive market in REC trade and the prices have the large variation, RPS is necessary to predict the equitable REC price using RPS big data. This paper proposed REC price prediction method base on fuzzy logic using the price trend and trading condition infra in REC market, that is modeled in cloud computing environment. Cloud computing helps to analyze correlation and variables that act on REC price within RPS big data and the analysis can be predict REC price by simulation. Fuzzy logic presents balanced REC average trading prices using the trading quantity and price. The model presents REC average trading price using the trading quantity and price and the method helps induce well-converged price in the long run in cloud computing environment.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.562-571
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess dietitian's awareness and performance with regard to food suppliers' selection guidelines and purchase guidelines for the receipt of safe food materials. A questionnaire was administered to 203 dietitians working at an elementary school in Gyeonggi North province, and 190 responses were ultimately returned. Excluding responses with incomplete answers and significant missing data, 161 responses(79.3%) were ultimately utilized for data analysis. We determined that meat/poulty and seafood were purchased mainly by manufacturer's branch(59.8% and 78.3%), and processed food and kimchi were generally purchased by producer's cooperatives(47.7% and 44.9%). 78.3% of the contracts were made via informal purchasing and the frequency of contracts was less than 3 times per year(53.4%). Market studies were conducted individually(54.7%), and by group(47.2%). Dietitian and parents volunteered(50.3%) or dietitians, and school and foodservice staffs(45.3%) participated - together in receiving and inspection. School contracted with $4{\sim}5$(39.1%) and $6{\sim}8$ food suppliers(29.8%). Dietitians(42.3%) or school councils(40.2%) evaluated food suppliers once per semester(60.2%). The majority of dietitians(96.3%) conducted sanitary education for food suppliers once per semester (68.3%). All 13 guidelines which were usually used to evaluate food suppliers were thought to be important(more than 4) based on a 5 scale(1: never important, 5: very important). Among them, 'sanitary storage status of food products(4.85)', 'have a chill car(4.83)' and 'proper control of refrigerator, freezer and storage room(4.81)' were the most crucial guidelines. As dietitians evaluated food supplier's-observances of 13 guidelines, 'have a chill car(4.89)', 'hold medical examination of employees(4.89)' and 'hold liability insurance for handling product(4.80)' were fulfilled relatively well. The guidelines for conducting education for their employees(4.45) and keeping their establishment and equipment sanitary(4.79) were important, but were not observed well(3.39 and 3.37). Additionally, the difference between the importance and the observance score of the 'HACCP certificate' were fairly significant(4.44 and 3.54). Dietitians tended to report that purchasing management related to the removal of foodborne illness factors(4.71), return confirmation(4.50) and purchase specification(4.32) were important. The difference between importance and performance was highest in the process of changing food suppliers when the contracts were violated more than three times. Dietitian's age, education work experience and employment type had no observable effects on how important they considered purchase management to be, but their work experience significantly affected performance in terms of the removal of foodborne illness factors(p<0.05). As supplier management is the most critical factor, it is clearly desirable to educate suppliers at specialized training centers and to supervise suppliers in accordance with the established sanitary guidelines.