• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1969

35 samples of Korean fermented foodstuffs were tested to isolate and to identify for aflatoxins. Aflatoxin $G_1$ was detected in samples of soybean and Kanjang (Soybean sauce), and aflatoxins $G_1$ & $G_2$ in Meju (fermented soybean mass) and Dwenjang (fermented soybean paste). In the culture media of Aspergillus flavus aflatoxins $B_1,\;B_2,\;G_1\;and\;G_2$ were also isolated and identified. Aflatoxins were confirmed by the thin layer chromatography with methanol : chroroform (5:95v/v) developer and the ultra violet absorption spectrum.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.121-161
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• 2011

We study incentive structures of public developers and land owners in the process of public expropriations using a sequential game model. In the model, we show that there is an incentive for the public developer to give more compensation than just compensation that are defined by law. Also the model shows that there is an incentive for the land owners to revolt strategically against the public expropriation. Then an ideal authority delegation model is introduced to resolve the problems, where an independent appraiser determines the compensation for the expropriation. In the real world, improving the independence of appraisal process is critical to make the system closer to the ideal authority delegation model. So this paper concludes by making a few policy suggestions to improve the current appraisal system.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2019

The remarkable achievements of the artificial intelligence in recent years are also raising awareness about its potential risks. Several governments and public organizations have been proposing the artificial intelligence ethics for sustainable development of artificial intelligence by minimizing potential risks. However, most existing proposals are focused on the developer-centered ethics, which is not sufficient for the comprehensive ethics required for ongoing intelligent information society. In addition, they have chosen a number of principles as the starting point of artificial intelligence ethics, so it is not easy to derive the guideline flexibly for a specific member reflecting its own situation. In this paper, we classify primitive members who need artificial intelligence ethics in intelligent information society into three : Developer, Supplier and User. We suggest a new artificial intelligence ethics, Seoul PACT, with minimal principles through publicness (P), accountability (A), controllability (C), and transparency (T). In addition, we provide 38 canonical guidelines based on these four principles, which are applicable to each primitive members. It is possible for a specific member to duplicate the roles of primitive members, so that the flexible derivation of the artificial intelligence ethics guidelines can be made according to the characteristics of the member reflecting its own situation. As an application example, in preparation for applying artificial intelligence to e-government service, we derive a full set of artificial intelligence ethics guideline from Seoul PACT, which can be adopted by the special member named Korean Government.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1978

Recently, Demands of automatic X-ray film processors are increasing more and more at general hospitals and private clinics, but various troubles because of incorrect control were found out. Authors have researched to find out the function and activity of automatic X-ray film processor for 70 days with Kodak X-OMAT processor, and results obtained were as follows; 1. Automatic X-ray film processor have an advantage to conduct the rapid treatment of X-ray film processing, but incorrect handling of developing and fixing agents were brought about a great change in contrast and optical density of X-ray film pictures. 2. About 10,000 X-ray films could be finished by same developing and fixing solution without exchanging any other solutions in automatic X-ray film processor.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.800-807
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• 2009

The limited public funds available for infrastructure projects have led governments to consider private entities' participation in long-term contracts for finance, construction, and operation of these projects to share risks and rewards between the public and the private. Because these projects have complicated risk evolutions, diverse contractual forms for each project member to hedge risks involved in a project are necessary. In light of this, Build-Operate-Transfer(BOT) model is considered as effective to accomplish Public Private Partnerships(PPPs) with a characteristic of an ownership-reversion. In BOT projects, the government has used such an incentive system as minimum revenue guarantee(MRG) agreement to attract the private's participation. Although this agreement turns out critical in success of BOT project, there still exist problematic issues in a financial feasibility analysis since the traditional capital budgeting theory, Net Present Value(NPV) analysis, has failed to evaluate the contingent characteristic of MRG agreement. The purpose of this research is to develop real option model based on option pricing theory so as to provide a theoretical framework in valuing MRG agreement in BOT projects. To understand the applicability of the model, the model is applied to the example of the BOT toll road project and the results are compared with that by NPV analysis. Finally, we found that the impact of the MRG agreement is significant on the project value. Hence, the real option model can help the government establish better BOT policies and the developer make appropriate bidding strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.24-33
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences of user´s satisfaction of development elements of natural recreation forest(NFR) developed by public and private bodies in order to answer the research question: What is the differences of user´s satisfaction of development elements of NFR\ulcorner After reviewing the literature, mechanism of outdoor recreation, and development elements in NRF, we constructed the conceptual framework and have formulated the hypothesis of this research. We had obtained data through a questionnaire, which surveyed 584 visitors at 10 of the 72 natural recreation forests in Korea in 1999. We have analyzed the data using he descriptive statistical method, the mean difference test, and logistic regression method. We have found that 1) all the development elements have turned out to be significantly different from the mean difference test, 2) the two elements of atmosphere and activity have turned out to be statistically significant in determining the difference of NFR developed by public and private body in logistic regression analysis while user´s satisfaction in recreational resources, facilities and service make no differences between public and private NRF, 3) the higher the degree of user´s satisfaction in atmosphere and activity at NFR, the more the NFR developed by private body, and 4) their relative contribution of atmosphere and activities on whether the NFR is developed by public or private body have been turned out to have 0.258 and 0.242 respectively, which have a similar importance. The research results suggest that a guideline for the creation of marketable NFR by public and private developer, and development of use-programs and recreational atmosphere be recommended in the planning and development process of NRF. The approach and anlaysis method adopted by this research is highly useful for an evaluation of NRF developed by the tow bodies and development of devices for increasing user´s satisfaction and marketing positioning of NRF by the tow developers. It is recommended that more empirical study on individual development elements affecting user´s satisfaction be performed in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1932-1938
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• 2011

Public source code distribution form is done by mainly by limited class user and it was too hard to install. But companies are increasing who distribute software as open source, mass of people's interest also became high and it is coming about installation related methods have been changing. Not only traditional compile based installation, it is entrance on the stage of user friendly technique that is package installation, network based install, file execution after uncompression and cmake method to give easily to developer various platform support. This paper will analyze open source operating system Linux based public open source distributed application installation trend.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2006

As the innovative technologies related to ubiquitous computing are being rapidly developed in recent IT trend, the concern for IT dysfunction(e.g., personal information abuse, information risk, threat, vulnerability, etc.) are also increasing. In our study, we suggested how to design and implement to multiple schemes for strong authentication mechanism in real system environments. We introduce the systematic and secure authentication technologies that resolve the threats incurring from the abuse and illegal duplication of financial transaction card in the public and financial institutions. The multiple schemes for strong authentication mechanism applied to java technology, so various application programs can be embedded, Independent of different platforms, to the smartcard by applying the consolidated authentication technologies based on encryption and biometrics(e.g., finger print identification). We also introduce the appropriate guidelines which can be easily implemented by the system developer and utilized from the software engineering standpoint of view. Further, we proposed ways to utilize java card based biometrics by developing and applying the 'smartcard class library' in order for the developer and engineers involved in real system environment(Secure entrance system) to easily understand the program. Lastly, we briefly introduced the potential for its future business application.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.53-79
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• 2021

With the revitalization of non-face-to-face transactions, the difference between the size of branches and transaction costs among securities firms has decreased, and the importance of the stock trading system has increased. In particular, the mobile trading system has become more important due to the increase in the proportion of transactions in the mobile trading system, which is widely used by individual investors, and the increase in the number of individual investors after COVID-19. However, user-centered usability studies are insufficient as usability studies on mobile trading systems are conducted through literature surveys or survey methods. Therefore, in this study, a repertory grid technique that finds user's empirical perception was used to find out user-centered usability attributes. The usability attributes of the mobile trading system from the user's point of view were elicited, and the difference in the usability attributes in terms of frequency and importance between the user group and the developer group was identified.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2022

e-Learning content can be defined as digital content to achieve educational goals. Since it is an educational material that can be distributed in offline, online, and mobile environments, it is important to create content that meets the learner's education environment and educational goals. In particular, if the learner is a public official, the vision, philosophy, and characteristics of each local government must reflect. As non-face-to-face online education expands further due to the COVID-19 pandemic, local governments that have relied on onsite education in the past urgently require developing strong basic competency education and special task competency content that reflect regional characteristics. Such e-learning content, however, hardly exists and the ability to independently develop them is also insufficient. In this circumstance, this case study describes the process of self-production of e-learning content suitable for Busan's characteristics by the Human Resource Development (HRD) Institute of Busan City, a local government. The field of instructional design and instructional technology is always evolving and growing by blending technological innovation into instructional platform design and adapting to the changes in society. Busan HRD Institute (BHI), therefore, tried to implement blended learning by developing content that reflected the recent trend of micro-learning in e-learning through a detailed analysis. For this, an e-learning content developer with certain requirements was selected and contracted, and the process of developing content through a collaboration between the client and developer was described in this study according to the ADDIE model of Instructional Systems Development (ISD).