• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2016

This study identified the factors that affect travel time budget by mode for traveler in Seoul using the SUR model. Individual, household and TAZ characteristics were selected as the explanatory variables. Transportation modes are summarized from 18 types to 6 types(walking, personal car, bus, subway, rail and bicycle). The results showed a distinct difference between personal transportation and public transportation. First of all, People who owned a car and driver's licence tend to prefer personal transportation. In addition, we can confirm the relationship between the bus and the subway which are most typical public transportation. Passengers who can available a personal mode preferred the subway than the bus. It is expected to suggest various implications related to the public transportation policy for Seoul metropolitan area.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.5-34
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• 2017

This study measured greening level on the 978 public libraries nationwide, making and distributing questionnaires based on green library evaluation indicators developed to measure the greening level of public libraries. As a result of analyzing the averages by evaluation area, among the green library evaluation areas, the whole average of the library resources was the highest by 1.93, and followed by land use and traffic 1.81, indoor environment 1.30, management of water circulation 1.20, etc. The greening evaluation area which shows the best strength in the surveyed public libraries, was the area of the library resource, and it turned out that it use spaces effectively like effective use of the entire area, effectiveness of conservation of books, use and management of eco-friendly products etc., or use the equipments in eco-friendly way which are purchased or used frequently in the libraries, and, as for the land use and traffic area, most of the libraries had bicycle racks, and chose the location of the libraries, considering accessibility to public transportation and a distance between central urban area and libraries. Also, it turns out that, in the area of materials and resources, most of the libraries were equipped with hand dryers and rolling towels and maintained the eco-friendly view.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.79-87
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify the planning features of apartments that are people-friendly, nature-friendly and ones that improve the quality of the apartments through sustainable design characteristics found in the apartment community space. This study found the sustainable design characteristics through the case of 8 environment-friendly apartment in the Seoul-Gyeunggi area. Sustainable design was categorized into three areas a) social sustainability b) economic sustainability c) ecological sustainability. The major findings are summarized as follows: First, socially sustainable design which included plans for various types of squares, spaces for pedestrians showed high application of universal design plans. While, plans to maximize open spaces that facilitate the social exchanges among residents showed low application. Second, economically sustainable design showed high application in terms of access to public transportation and bicycle storage facilities. However, planning factors such as alternative energy facilities, recyclable materials, reuse of rainwaterand heavy water showed low application. Third, environmentally sustainable design included high application of promenades, artificially created green space and various types of water space. On the other hand, nature study centers, biotope and environment friendly parking space showed low application.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.121-128
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• 2005

This study investigates the design features of pilotis applied to 20 high-rise apartment housings in Korea, completed between January 2000 and August 2005. It analyzes the design characteristics of pilotis on the basis of its spatial configuration and the residents' behavior and suggests the directions of pilotis design in the future. The study finds the followings. 1) The pilotis spaces in foreign apartment housings are used mainly for communal functions such as the passages between buildings for both pedestrians and vehicles. Compared with this public use of pilotis in foreign counterparts, the pilotis spaces in Korean apartment housings are semi-private and have multiple purposes. 2) The pilotis design can be classified on the basis of the spatial configuration elements and the patterns of residents' behavior. The spatial configuration elements consist of ceiling, column, wall, and floor; the residents' behavior can be classified as viewing, resting and playing, driving and parking, and keeping privately-owned objects such as motorcycle and bicycle. 3) Two spatial configuration elements, the wall and the ceiling and two behavioral patterns, 'resting and playing' and 'viewing' are getting more attention by designers in the apartment housings analyzed in this study.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 2015

Purpose: The goal of this research is to identify the planning techniques of Smart Green City with Ubiquitous method and carbon-neutral city planning techniques and to induce the main planning techniques through the analysis of relative importance and practical adaptation. Method: First of all, eighteen planning techniques were derived and categorized into three organization systems and six sectors through literature review and FGI analysis considering the applicability of Ubiquitous service for carbon-neutral city planning techniques. Secondly, based on expert surveys and AHP analysis, the importance of Smart Green City planning techniques was evaluated. Thirdly, using case study, six cases related to Smart Green City were analyzed for the current status of application of planning techniques. Lastly, considering the importance of planning techniques and practical aspects, the characteristics of Smart Green City and its implication were estimated. Result: Energy, Resource and Waste and Transportation sector were identified as important sectors for Smart Green City. In addition, 'Construction of Smart Grid', 'System for Utilization of New & Renewable Energy', 'Smart Resource Circulation Management System', 'Establishment of Public Transportation Information System basis', 'Construction of Pedestrian / Bicycle oriented Road Environment' are essential planning techniques to create Smart Green City.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze present condition and users' behavior on waterfront in local city. To analyze the current physical statues and behavioral issues, 3 cities including Jinju city(Nam river), Ulsan city(Taewha river), and Dae-gu city(Gumho river) has chosen as research areas, the questionnaire and field survey were conducted in research areas focusing on post occupancy evaluation. In this study, it was found that main behaviors of waterfront were rest and exercise and overall satisfactions of waterfront were related to the decision-making for revisitation. However, unsatisfactory physical factors of waterfront were the position and number of facilities related to the behaviors such as rest, exercise, and bicycle riding. Especially, most unsatisfactory factor was the inadequate lighting in respect of intensity of illumination and position although much people had been used each waterfronts at nighttime. In conclusion it was thought that it was necessary to reinforce the program related to culture and leisure such as public performance and to establish infrastructure related to life-time sport and various outdoor exercise for waterfront activation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.873-876
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• 2008

Although Permeable concrete is resently used as a pavement at a parking lot, a public squre and a bicycle road, we use without enough examining. most the maintenance of quality for Permeable concrete is only dealt with strength and color tone. also, there is not yet enough fundamental data about dynamical properties for strength, rate of void and water permeability. even when it is applied to at the scene, it is been a matter.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

The goal of this study, as an effort to reduce national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is to calculate the carbon footprint of students based on the commute pattern of high school students in big (Seoul), middle (Suwon) and small (Icheon) size city. By conducting a survey, the commute pattern and method of students as well as students' carbon footprint were evaluated. As a result, the carbon footprint of the high school student in Icheon ($1.698kgCO_2$) had 2~3 times higher than student's carbon footprint in Seoul ($0.623kgCO_2$) and Suwon ($0.699kgCO_2$). One of the reasons for the different carbon footprint result between big and small city was whether the public pedestrian facilities and a bicycle path or not. Based on our research results, we pointed out the problems and suggested some ways to reduce carbon footprint of students.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.93-99
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• 2019

Small electric vehicles, such as electric bicycles or electric kickboards, operate with the power charged in a battery mounted in the vehicle, and some of these users use emergency power sockets installed in apartments or public facilities without getting permission. For this reason, the necessity for a simple method to approve the use of power with instant payment system rises for the building managers and small vehicle users as well. In this paper, we propose a technique to charge batteries for small electric vehicles with less than 1 [kW] through a power supply control device installed on the existing 15 [A]. sockets on the common residential properties or public buildings. It also describes the power user authorization algorithm and how to charge fees for the power used. As a result of this research, this paper shows how the user authentication power supply system with the effect of preventing power theft can be realized by creating an environment in which a battery in a small electric vehicle can be easily charged.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.5-10
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• 2010

This study aims to find out the present conditions of pilotis space, and the usage and requests of it by residents as to suggest the direction in planning pilotis spaces in apartment housing. This study selected six apartment complexes, and conducted case-studies and surveys of them. The study findings are as follows. 1) The types of pilotis spaces of the apartment housing can be categorized into an entry type, a community type, a recreational type, a bicycle storage type, a pedestrian passage type, a parking type, and a visual passage type. As a result of studying the present conditions, pilotis spaces of a recreational type were the most, and a community type and a parking type were not found. It was found that diverse types of pilotis spaces need to be planned in consideration of the characteristics of an apartment complex and its residents. 2) As for residents' time spent in using the pilotis space, they spent little time. This can be attributed to the fact that most pilotis spaces were designed only with simple flat benches, and gazebos, which seemingly failed to draw residents' attention. Therefore, the spaces need to be planned for diverse purposes after examining residents' needs, which can include indoor exercise equipments and children's play facilities. 3) Regarding the residents' requests about pilotis spaces in the apartment housing, the most widely requested was using it as a community space. Also, many requested to use it as a library, and a children's play space. Therefore, it needs to be considered to plan the pilotis space for providing diverse programs.