• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pain and psychological state in female office workers with neck pain. Methods : Experimental group of 31 healthy subjects complained of neck and arm discomfort related to computer use which lasted more than 3 months in the past year and was present in the past 7 days as well as on the day of test. Outcomes were assessed by meridian-electromyography(MEMG), Neck Disability Index(NDI), Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Stress Reaction Inventory(SRI), Holmes & Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale(SRRS). Results : The NDI score and BDI score had a correlationship(r=0.48), and the NDI score and SRI score also had a correlationship(r=0.48), significantly. The NDI score and contraction power of upper trapezius by MEMG had a correlationship significantly, but with the other muscles the NDI score didn't have correlationships. The NDI score and the SRI score were significantly higher in depression group(BDI score ${\circ}{\surd}$14). The contraction power of trapezius by MEMG was significantly lower in depression group. Conclusions : The results suggest that mental stress can be a major risk factor of neck pain in female office workers.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2010

The gag reflex is a physiologic reaction which safeguards the airway from foreign bodies. But, an exaggerated gag reflex can be a severe limitation to a patient's ability to accept dental care and for a clinician's ability to provide it. The overactive gag reflex can be due to psychological factors or physiological factors, or both. Psychological factors can include fear of loss of control and past traumatic experiences. A 58-year-old man, scheduled for extraction of left upper second molar, left lower second and third molar and implantation of left upper second molar, and left lower second molar had no specific underlying medical problems. He had exaggerated gag reflex. Dental treatment was successfully performed using intravenous sedation. Intravenous sedation with midazolam and propofol was a useful management technique for reflex control during dental treatment extended to the posterior regions in the oral cavity.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2005

그림책화면에서 구도는 조형요소들의 놓여진 위치와 배열에 따라 어린이의 심리적 반응을 불러일으키고, 이야기내용에 따른 주제와 배경의 관계, 등장인물의 움직임 등을 전달하는 시각적 진술방식이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 어린이그림책의 화면구도가 시각적 심리적으로 어린이에게 어떻게 작용하는지 분석하기 위하여 먼저, 어린이의 지각발달과 지각경험이 어린이의 연령에 따라, 그리고 어린이마다 과거의 경험, 심리작용, 생리적 욕구, 감정상태, 성장환경 등에 따라 다양하게 나타나는 것을 살펴보았으며, 시각적 심리적 지각은 4세에서 7세까지 전조작기에 해당하는 어린이를 발달심리학을 중심으로 선행연구자의 이론을 지각특성과 지각과정으로 접근하였다. 또한 실증조사를 통하여 분석한 내용을 조화롭고 효과적인 화면구도방식으로 유추하기 위하여 국내외에서 제작된 어린이그림책의 사례를 제시하였다. 끝으로 본 연구가 제시한 결론은 일러스트레이터의 개성과 창의성이 바탕이 된 화면제작에 도움이 됨은 물론, 일러스트레이션을 배우는 학생들의 효과적인 표현방법연구와 실험에 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

가변전광표지판(VMS)은 교통정보제공 서비스 매체중 가장 이용자가 많고, 정부기관에서 제공 운영하고 있는 대표적인 매체라고 할 수 있다. 그리하여 VMS는 이용자 중심의 서비스를 제공할 필요성이 있으므로 VMS 교통정보 이용자의 심리적 반응에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 총 3가지 시나리오를 구성하여 주행실험을 실시하였다. 첫 번째 시나리오인 VMS설치위치에 관한 스트레스 지수분석 결과 출구 1.5km전 일때 가장스트레스가 적게 나타났다. 이는 국토해양부 VMS운영지침에서 도시부 고속도로의 경우 VMS정보는 출구 1~2km전에 제공해야 한다는 항목과 일치하는 결과를 나타내며 이용자의 심리상태를 고려하여 보다 더 정확한 제공거리를 산출한 것이라 할 수 있다. 두 번째 시나리오인 VMS정보제공 내용(소통정보, 시간정보, 속도정보)에 관한 스트레스 지수분석결과 시간정보가 가장 스트레스가 적게 나타났다. 제공한 정보 내용이 비교적 장거리(가양${\rightarrow}$천호 약 28km)이라는 점을 감안할 때 속도나 소통에 대한 정보는 운전자들이 경로선택을 위해 고민을 해야 하지만 시간정보는 걸리는 시간을 바로 알 수 있으므로 유용하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 운전자들의 심리적 반응측면에서 출구 1.5km전에는 정보를 주는 것이 좋고, 시간정보를 다른 정보내용보다 쉽게 받아들이는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2007

This study was to understand the component that affects the formative beauty and to present the direction of bridge design for improving the image of urban landscape to survey the visual effect and landscape Preference by the change of bridge type. The results of this study are as follows. In the results of image analysis by bridge types, the images of one-arch bridges are unique and interesting, whereas more than two successive arched bridge were harmonize, stable, consecutive and regular. In the case of the arch rib, braced-rib arch bridge was assessed that complicated, diverse and interesting more than solid-rib arch bridge. The results of factor analysis on the psychological factor were classified into three categories: orderliness, aesthetic and symbolism. In the results of analysis on psychological factors by bridge types, the orderliness and symbolism were different in the position of path, and the number of arches, too. In case of arch rib, symbolism was different. In the preference analysis, they showed a sensitive reaction in the background of building. In the results of the relativity preference and psychological factor, according to aesthetic, symbolism and orderliness, there was an effect on the background of building. And, there showed the high effect in order of aesthetic, orderliness and symbolism in the background of mountain and building. This study should be objective raw data of the arch bridge design for improving the urban landscape. In the future, aesthetic variables like colors or textures should be considered for more exact evaluation.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2018

In this research, the psychological and physiological reactions of the driver were measured during winter to evaluate thermal comfort. The experiment was conducted using 3 different cases which are hot air heating, warm-wire seat heating and hot air & warm-wire seat heater operating simultaneously. With regard to psychological reaction, the warm-wire heating mode was the most preferred. The reason is that it is dry in other cases. With regard to EEG response, thermal comfort increased by 37% in warm air mode heating. In addition, when the warm-wire heating mode and the hot air & warm-wire heating mode were simultaneously operated, the thermal comfort continuously increased by between 17% and 20% for 20 minutes after boarding. Under the change of the autonomic nervous system, the thermal stress level increased by 23% after 15 minutes on board in the hot air heating mode and decreased continuously by 13% during the warm-wire seat heating mode. We recommended the hot air heating mode is only used for a short time to raise the inside temperature during the early boarding period and that warm-wire seat heating mode be actively utilized.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to make more reliable researches on the tendency of shirking from the mathematics by including those of the students in the other country, and there are a series of researches such as 'math-camp to raise the mathematical tendency of the students who make little progress in the study', 'establishment of factors causing the shirking tendency from the mathematics and development of the analyzing instruments for it' and 'study on the preference to each category of the school mathematics.' For this purpose, I used a test developed by the shirking tendency research team. I compared the average score and standard deviation between the Korean and the Australian students. As for the average score, that of the Australian elementary school students is about one point higher than the Korean students, and there was no remarkable difference in the deviation. Comparing the math-shirking tendency of the two groups, they show higher shirking tendency in the aspects of emotional and mathematical recognition that belong to the psychological and environmental sphere. And, as for an extent of association in difficulties according to each school grades, its degree of the Australian students is comparatively lower than that of the Korean students, therefore, the shirking tendency of the Australian students is intermediate level whereas that of the Korean students is the lowest. They show us a peculiar result in teacher factor. It is noteworthy in that the Korean students show a positive reaction in that factor, however, the Australian students show a comparatively weak reaction. It might be caused by a cultural difference. I also have compared the accumulated percentage according to each shirking tendency factors. It will not only be very efficient for teachers to establish a teaching plan but also a good data to understand the shirking tendency of each student. This will be a very good data for the planners of teaching policy to remedy the causes of shirking tendency. And, it will also be used effectively to write a new textbook. It has been uncommon that a psychological test is used in the research for the improvement of teaching and learning mathematics. In this aspect, I am sure that this study including the preceding research will be a good in studying the shirking tendency factors by using a psychological test. I believe that this research will be a help to grasp the outline of the shirking tendency and I will have to try continuously to make it be a reasonable and reliable study.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권3D호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2010

교차로 교통사고의 주요 원인은 인적요인에 의한 교통사고가 대부분 차지하고 있어 운전자들의 주행특성 및 교통상황에 따른 심리적 생리적 변화측정을 통해 영향 요인 규명이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 운전자들의 인적요인을 고려한 개별 교차로 안전성 평가를 위하여 최첨단 계측장비를 활용한 뇌파반응을 측정하고 설문조사를 통해 평상시와 주행 실험시 운전자들의 인지특성 조사를 실시하였다. 교차로 접근시 뇌파변화와 주행실험 인지평가조사 자료의 관계성을 규명하고, 주행실험의 인지평가요인과 생체적 반응 뇌파데이터를 고려한 개별 교차로 안전성 평가 모형을 구축하였다. 그 결과, 교차로의 물리적 특성에 따라 생체반응 뇌파가 다르게 나타나고 인지평가 또한 차이가 있어 주행시 생체반응(뇌파)과정을 통해 인지평가를 하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to design functional clothing based on the physical characteristics of old women. The subjects of this experiment were 5 healthy old women and 5 college women. While the subjects were exposed to the circumstances of $28{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and local heating at 7 areas (chest, abdomen, back, loin, hand, thigh and instep), their skin temperature, physiological reaction and psychological reaction were determined. The conclusions about the effects of local heating are as follows : 1. Skin temperature before heating was in the order of head-neck> trunk> upper limbs> lower limbs (Group A: old subjects) and head-neck> trunk> lower limbs> upper limbs (Group B: young subjects). 2. The heating pad was attached and detached for 30 minutes each. The sharpest rise and fall were recorded at 5 minutes with the pad on and off. Both groups had great changes in the body parts near trunk. 3. With the pad on and off, both groups showed no change in body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate. 4. Concerning the pervasive effects of local heating on whole body skin temperature, loin heating greatly increased other body parts in Group A. In Group B, the effects were large in heating chest, abdomen, back, loin, and thigh. 5. The loin part of old women has the greatest pervasive effect of local body heating.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.639-649
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effects of very low calorie diet (VLCD) using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients on psychological factors and quality of life in the obese women $(BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2)$ for four weeks. Seventy five women $(20{\leq}age<26)$ participated in this experiment. Subjects were randomly classified three groups: 1) General diet group (GD roup, n=27) consumed 3 regular meals within 600 kcal/day 2) Meal replacements group (MR group, n=27) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day 3) Herbal Meal replacements group (HMR group, n=27) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day. Physical factors (weight, BMI, fat (%)) of the HMR group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Moreover, binge eating habit and environmental factors (surrounding support, emotional reaction, expression of opinion) of the HMR group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Psychological factor and quality of life were no significant differences among three groups during the experimental period, because both were significantly decreased in all groups after 4 weeks. Therefore, very low calorie diet using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients for 4 weeks was effective on improvement of psychological factor and quality of life as well as weight reduction in the obese premenopausal women.