• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-50
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to compare and to analyse the difference of middle school girls clothing behaviors and their preference for clothing styles according to their intelligence, socio-economic status, and physical constitution. For the study, data were collected from 378 middle school girls resided in Taegu: one half from high intelligence group over I.Q. 113, others from low intelligence group under I.Q. 87 using the questionaire method. For the measurement of the relationship clothing behavior, socio-economic status. Rohrer index, preference style of clothing were examined. The analysis of the data was managed by computer; frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA. The results of the study are as follows; 1. The significant difference in clothing behavior according to intelligence was verified in four: modesty, comfort, management, and psychological dependence. 2. The significant difference in clothing behavior according to socio-economic status was verified in all of eight clothing behavior variables. 3. There was no significant difference according to physical constitution in all clothing behavior variables. 4. There was no significant difference in the preference styles of clothing according to intelligence, but high intelligence group took more interest in detailed factors; design, style, total combination, color, print, and comfort. 5. The upper and middle class preferred slacks and lower class preferred skirts. The upper class took interest in design-style, total combination, and comfort, the middle class in total combination. and comfort, and the lower class in total combination. 6. Thin group preferred skirt, the average group preferred slacks, fatty group preferred slacks and shirts-blouse. Thin group took interest in design-style, and color-print, the average group in total combination, and fatty group in total combination, color-print, and design-style.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.707-721
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to exam the effects of gender-role identity on adolescents' self esteem, clothing behaviors and favorite clothing image, focusing on analysis by adolescent' sex and age variable. The research method was survey and the subjects were 447 male and female adolescents in Daejeon, Korea. The questionnaire consisted of 4 measurement instruments (gender-role identity, self-esteem, clothing behaviors, and favorite clothing image) and subject' demographic attributions. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, $X^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA(analysis of variance), Duncan's multiple range test, and Pearson's correlation analysis, using SPSS program. The results are as follows. First, adolescents' gender-role identity and self- esteem were different by age rather than sex. Middle school students were represented by undifferentiated type while high school students were represented by androgynous type, and high school students had higher self-esteem than middle school students. Second, four factors emerged on clothing behaviors(clothing interest & psychological dependence, ostentation, conformity, and comfort), and favorite clothing image(characteristic, neat, active, and romantic image). Third, gender-role identity had important effects on self esteem; androgynous type had higher self esteem than other gender-role identity type. Forth, self-esteem had significant relationship with clothing behaviors and favorite clothing image, and these relationships were different by adolescent' sex and age variable. Fifth, gender-role identity had important effects on clothing behaviors; and rogynous type had more clothing interest, ostentation and comfort than any other gender-role identity type. Sixth, gender-role identity had important effects on favorite clothing images; androgynous type pursued more various clothing images than any other gender-role identity type.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.391-401
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify variables that influence smoking cessation based on the transtheoretical model. Methods: Variables that influence the stages of change in smoking cessation were selected based on transtheoretical model. Data were collected from 176 men aged 30-64 who smoked, Data collection was done in community settings in Seoul and vicinity, Korea between December, 1999 and June, 2000. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and logistic analysis using the pc-SAS program. Results: According to the logit model, the influence of significant variables on stage of change for smoking cessation suggest that ; When the scores for Pros in decision making for smoking cessation are high, the possibility that the subjects are in the action, precontemplation and contemplation stage of change will be lower than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. When the scores of habitual craving in smoking temptation is high, the possibility that the subjects are in the precontemplation and contemplation stage of change will be higher than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. When the scores of smoking temptation in negative affect situations are high, the possibility that the subjects are in the contemplation stage of change will be higher than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. When the scores of cognitive process in the process of change are high, the possibility that the subjects are in the contemplation stage of change will be higher than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. Conclusions : The results provide evidence that physical and psychological dependence on smoking are main barriers to smoking cessation. Therefore nursing interventions based on stage that focus on increasing motivation and intention for smoking cessation need to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2016

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to check the obesity of middle and high school students in the nation and identify factors influencing their obesity. Methods: The present study is a secondary analysis research that obtained permission to use the primitive data of 10th (2014) Online Survey on Adolescents' Health Behaviors by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed the primitive data according to the purposes. Results: The findings show that the BMI of middle and high school students in the nation was $20.7kg/m^2$ with the obesity and non-obesity group recording $27.0kg/m^2$ and $19.9kg/m^2$, respectively. Factors influencing the obesity of adolescents include gender, grade, educational background of parent, school grades for the last 12 months, satisfaction with sleep, fast food consumption, ramen consumption, intense and muscle exercise three times a week or more, subjective sense of health, stress, suicidal ideation, and hours of Internet usage per week. Conclusion: For the management of adolescent obesity, there is a need for obesity management programs taking the characteristics of male students into consideration. The possibilities of obesity grow according to the grades, which means that both the teachers and parents should offer more guidance on weight control in upper grades. The adjustment of adolescent obesity requires psychological health management including stress and suicidal ideation as well as diet control and exercise. It is also needed to apply a stepwise obesity management program according to the hours of internet usage and dependence on the internet

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.60-68
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• 2012

Objectives Sasang Constitution (SC) is determined by various physical and psychological attributes. Recently, skin properties have been used effectively to describe SC types in clinics. In this paper, we investigated the constitution dependence of skin elasticity and skin perspiration by using quantitative measurement devices. Methods The skin elasticity of forearm and the skin perspiration of forehead and philtrum were measured in 223 elderly female subjects. To determine the subject's constitution, we adopted the classification results from a newly developed diagnostic tool. For the clarity of constitution, we excluded low-scored subjects in their SC classification. Results & Conclusions As a result, the elasticity hysteresis of forearm (EHFa) of Taeum-in group was significantly less than the EHFa of Soeum-in group. Soeum-in group has high perspiration difference between philtrum and forehead (Diff.PhFh) compared to Taeum-in group in a significance level of .05. Taeum-in and Soeum-in group were significantly classified by EHFa and Diff.PhFh using a Support Vector Machine.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Sexual addiction is accompanied with anxiety, psychological and physical dependence. Also, sexual addict want to make their presence through sexual adventures and seem sexually obsessed. In this study, we examined the changes of brain activity related to sexual addiction by utilizing the developed multi-sensory therapy after 4-weeks sex offender treatment program. We analyzed the electroencephalogram (EEG) activity changes in the subjects and regions of brain. As a result, the theta wave significantly increased after treatment than before (p < 0.001). The absolute alpha wave was increased whereas the relative alpha waves were decrease significantly (p < 0.001). The results could conclude that multi-sensory therapy on sex offender shows more stable status against sexual stimulations. Moreover, the reduction of the relative alpha waves in parietal lobe of sex offender is correlated to the less attention on sexual stimulations. The multi-sensory therapy not only provides a neurobiological explanation, but also can be used for clinical implications, i.e. prevention and treatments, for sex addiction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.375-386
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the present use of caregiver services, to evaluate the degree of satisfaction with the services according to type of caregiver service, private or public, and to provide data for the development of a plan which will provide good quality service with less economic and psychological burden to the patients and their families. Survey data were collected from 130 patients in 4 general hospitals in Seoul, and their families. Data were collected during April, 2004, using a questionnaire which included the patient satisfaction scale developed by Jun (2001). Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations, $X^2$ analysis, t-test. The SPSS computer program was used to facilitate analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows; The total score for satisfaction was high for both groups. For the private caregiver group it was $52.38{\pm}11.08$, and for the public caregiver group, $58.14{\pm}9.64$. This difference was significant(t=-3.391, p=.001). In all of areas, the scores for satisfaction of the public caregiver service group were higher than private caregiver service group, ie. caregivers' attitude, role, confidence, performance, and service charge, and all the differences were significant. In conclusion, it was found that long-term hospitalization of older patients with high dependence resulted in more caregiver service. There were more severe patients in the public caregiver group, but the service charges, additional costs and paid holidays were less. Based on these results, patients and their families were significantly more satisfied with public caregiver service because it was not only less expensive but also had a high quality of service. Thus, caregiver services should be systemized so that patients and their families will get the best quality caregiver service

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.458-463
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• 2016

In this paper, the fuzzy structure model for the consciousness structure of social workers related to the elder abuse factors was derived and analyzed. The characteristics of the model was obtained as follows. First, the elder abuse behavior at the top layer was related to the attitude of the elderly and the work overload of social workers. Second, the attitude of the elderly and the work overload of social workers at the middle layer were related to the personality of social worker, the physical and mental dependency of client, and the personality of client. Third, the personality of social worker, the knowledge of the elderly, the personality of client, and the physical and psychological dependence of the client affected directly the elder abuse behavior without going through the middle layer. Fourth, the work overload of social workers at the middle layer was affected the attitude of the elderly. Finally, the age of social workers, the working image, the job training, and provision of punishment to the social workers were the isolated layer, in which the relationship between the elder abuse behavior and related factors was not found.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8844-8852
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• 2015

This study was conducted to figure out characteristics of the children of problematic drinkers by reviewing the studies on those children reported in nursing studies in Korea and incorporating the results. The research method was integrated literature review, and for the study, eleven articles were selected by searching with key words such as 'problematic drinking', 'alcoholic', 'alcohol dependence', 'children', and 'nursing' in three research databases, spanning between 2000 and 2014. The research results are as follows: For the domestic nursing studies on the children of problematic drinkers, there were many descriptive research using survey method, requiring introduction of various research methods in order to know characteristics and lives of the children of problematic drinkers in depth. For main characteristics of the children of problematic drinkers, they have lower ability to cope with, many of them suffer from psychological and mental health problems, are very sensitive in interpersonal relationships with higher hostility. In addition, it is reported that the children of problematic drinkers are likely to have more problematic drinking, show higher depression and lower emotional perception and expression, social support, and social competence. Based on the results of this study, considering the fact that there are extremely few studies on the children of problematic drinkers, it requires more active studies and researches in nursing. Through the study with accurate results, it will contribute to nurses' capability in both clinical settings and local community as a guideline.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2011

Objectives : This study examined drinking habits, anxiety, and impulsiveness in employed women. Methods : We sampled 925 residents aged over 20 years in Gwanak-gu of Seoul. In the process, we divided subjects into employed women and unemployed women groups and then used the Korean Version of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-K), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) to identify patterns in subjects' alcohol drinking, anxiety and impulsiveness. Results : Among the 925 respondents, 95.7% drank alcohol, and after the analysis, female problematic drinking ($12{\leq}AUDIT-K{\leq}25$) and alcohol dependence ($AUDIT-K{\geq}26$) was apparent in 61 (9.5%) and 2 respondents (0.3%), respectively. Female respondents who had jobs tended to drink more and exhibit higher ratios of problematic drinking, with a higher exposure to alcohol than those that were unemployed. The psychological attributes related to female respondents' alcohol problems related to state of anxiety and impulsiveness. Employed women respondents also showed a higher state of anxiety and impulsiveness than unemployed women. Conclusion : Controlling the frequency of exposure to alcohol, anxiety, and impulsiveness in employed women should be considered to be crucial controlling factors related to the hazards of excessive drinking.