• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.842-848
• /
• 2001

Objectives : The mortality rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) has been reduced recently due to refinement of microsurgical technique and improved perioperative management. Also, many survivors of SAH show excellent neurological recoveries. However, we found that a high proportion of the survivors do not fully regain their premorbid status in cognitive and memory function. Object of this study is to evaluate which factors might influence on cognitive and memory impairment in ruptured aneurysmal SAH patients. Methods : In this prospective study, a series of 66 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) from 1996 to 1998, most of whom had a "good" or "fair" neurological outcome, were assessed with various tests of cognition and memory function. All patients underwent clipping operation by pterional approach. Right side approach was performed in 16 case and left 21 cases. K-WAIS(Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) was used as method of cognition and memory function test. The time interval between SAH and assessment varied between 4 months and 8 months, averaging 6.2 months. Statistical analyses were carried out for each test score to see whether aneurysm site(A-com : non A-com), route of approach, age and sex, vasospasm, Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher CT group at admission, Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) at discharge affect cognitive and memory function. Results : Aneurysm site was not shown to be associated with performance on any test, and the initial grade (Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher CT group) of SAH and vasospasm had only minimal predictive values. The grade at discharge( GOS) was proved to be the best predictor of impairment of cognition and memory function within 1 year after operation. Conclusion : The authors conclude that the diffuse effects of SAH are more important than focal neuropathology in relation to cognitive impairment in this group of patients.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.253-258
• /
• 2004

Stress is a global menace exacerbated by the advancement of industrialization. Failure of stress management is to a breakdown of the psychological and physiological protection mechanisms against stress. The aim of present study was to investigate the anti-stress potential of ginseng against immobilization stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) were divided into three groups; (i) control, (ii) immobilization stress (2hr daily, for 2 weeks), and (iii) immobilization stress (2 hr daily, for 2 weeks) plus oral administration of ginseng (200 mg/kg BW Id). Immobilization stress resulted in a significant inhibition of body weight gain by 45 % and a significant decrease in the tissue weights of thymus and spleen (p < 0.05). The concentrations of blood GOT and GPT were significantly increased in the immobilization-stressed group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the blood cholesterol levels among groups. Ginseng administration in the immobilization-stressed group tended to reverse the lack of body weight gain and food intake, though not significantly. The ginseng-administered group showed a significant reversal in the stress-induced effect on spleen and thymus weight, increasing the tissue weights by 16% and 20%, respectively, compared to immobilization-stressed group (p<0.05). The plasma corticosterone level was significantly increased in the stressed group by 39 % compared to the control group (p<0.05), but ginseng administration significantly reversed the stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone by 15 % compared to the immobilization-stressed group. The present study suggests that the anti-stress effect of ginseng is mediated by normalization of stress-induced changes in the circulating hormones and a reversal of tissue weight loss, thereby returning the body to normal homeostasis.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.26
• /
• pp.445-463
• /
• 2012

Beltenebros is Antonio Mu?oz Molina's third novel. Its plot originates in a criminal act. Darman, the main character, arrives in Madrid to kill a traitor of the undercover organization to which he himself belongs. Treason is paid with death and Darman is in charge of the executions. The intricate story of espionage and intrigue is absorbing. Unlike other novels of the genre, in Beltenebros we can witness a unique psychological development of the main character. In his fiftieth anniversary, Darman becomes conscious of the painful and devastating effects of his criminal acts on the lives of the people he has crossed paths with. Then, for the first time, he acts like a Romanesque heroe by killing Valdivia-Ugarte, a deceitful mole who has been manipulating the strings of the plot to his own benefit. The story unfolds along an almost uniform progression of chronological time, only interrupted by random memories of a past that twenty years ago destroyed Walter's life, and in which Darman and the rest of the characters are all implicated. Few references to the Spanish Civil War inserted in the discourse are, however, of paramount importance as the depiction of a historical trauma, as a triggering force for the episodes of the novel, or as justification to Darman'scrimes as well as those of the clandestine Comunist Party. Indeed they were the victims of the conflict and the winners inflicted upon them hatred, repression, treason and disloyalty. As in other Mu?oz Molina's novels, the literary space, in this case Madrid, propels the development of the plot, and plays a protagonist role only equal to that of the main characters. It is in Madrid where Darman lives until he becomes prisoner of the enemy army, or where the symmetrical deaths of Walter and Andrade take place. Other spaces inhabit Madrid: the Universal Cinema, symbolic territory of the secret and hidden, where the story, as well as the relationships of the characters start and end the warehouse; or the Bo?te Tab? the nightclub that frequents Valdivia-Ugarte through secret passages connected with the Universal Cinema.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.472-486
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to analyze the influence relationship between the elderly's readiness for old age and life satisfaction, and to verify the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the influence relationship between the elderly's readiness for old age and life satisfaction. For this, a survey was conducted on middle-aged people in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0. As a result of the analysis, life satisfaction was influenced by self-efficacy, social preparation for old age, physical preparation for old age, economic preparation for old age, and academic ability in order and It was confirmed that psychological factors rather than demographic characteristics were more influential factors on life satisfaction of middle-aged people. In addition, self-efficacy had a mediating effect on the relationship between the degree of preparation for old age and life satisfaction. Based on this, the alternatives to raise the life satisfaction of middle-aged people, the limitations of this study, and the follow-up studies were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.11
• /
• pp.481-489
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to identify the effect of laughter therapy on the moods, pain and stress of the patients in a hospice ward. Participants were divided as control (23 patients), and experimental group (26 patients). Laughter therapy was provided for 5 days, and 20-30 minutes per day. Data collected on the $3^{rd}$ and $8^{th}$ day, respectively, were analyzed using SPSS win 24.0 program, Chi-square test, fisher's exact test, Independent-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Experimental groups showed the significant differences in Mood (t= -12.88, p<.001), Pain (t= -6.38, p<.001) and Stress (z= -6.03, p<.001). Conclusion: Laughter therapy was an effective nursing intervention to relieve the negative mood condition, pain and stress on patients, as one of the daily nursing services in the hospice ward.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.431-444
• /
• 2019

This study explored the longitudinal developmental paths of preschooler's external problem behaviors from infancy. Subjects consisted of 205 preschoolers (106 boys, 99 girls aged 4) and their mothers recruited for the 2009 in-depth Panel Study on Korean Children. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlations, and structural equation modeling using SPSS 18.0 (SPSS Co., Chicago, IL, USA), Amos 18.0 (SPSS Co., Chicago, IL, USA). The results were as follows: Maternal depression at preschooler's age 0 had a direct effect on maternal social parenting style at preschooler's age 0. Maternal social parenting style at preschooler's age 0 had a direct effect on preschooler's effortful control at age 1. Preschooler's effortful control at age 1 had a direct effect on preschooler's external problem behaviors at age 4. Marital conflict at preschooler's age 0 did not have a direct effect on preschooler's effortful control at age 1. The direct effects of maternal depression at preschooler's age 0 on preschooler's effortful control at age 1, and on preschooler's external problem behaviors at age 4 were not significant. In addition, direct effect of maternal social parenting style at preschooler's age 0 on preschooler's external problem behaviors at age 4 was not significant. This study showed that maternal psychological characteristics, marital conflict, maternal social parenting style and preschooler's effortful control in infancy should be considered simultaneously to explain the effect on preschooler's external problem behaviors.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.372-380
• /
• 2006

Farnesol in fruits, vegetables, herbs and leaves acts as bioactive component related with prevention of cancer and psychological malaise. We investigated the cytotoxic effects of farnesol on human leukemic cell, HL-60 cells, by MTT assay using 3- (4,5-Oirnethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide. Farnesol (0.1${\sim}$50 ${\mu}$g/ml) exhibited cytotoxicities against HL-60 cells in concentration and culture period dependent manner, In the cytotoxic condition induced by farnesol against HL-60 cells, the generation of reactive oxygen species such as O$_2$ and H$_2$O$_2$ were found to be considerably increased. The most prominent augmentations of O$_2$ and H$_2$O$_2$ were over five folds of controls. In an attempt to explore the response of HL-60 cells to the increased O$_2$ and H$_2$O$_2$, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities of HL-60 cells treated with farnesol were measured. SOD and GPx activities were found to be remarkably elevated by addition of farnesol showing the best results of 273% and 167% of controls, respectively: All data suggest that farnesol may have played as an apoptosis inducer in HL-60 cells via production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and HL-60 cells may have failed to overcome the damage of ROS on account of still defcient ROS scavengers including SOD and GPx.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.566-569
• /
• 2006

This study examined whether or not acute stress is linked to increases in the neurosteroid levels, which is a well-known neurotransmitters associated with stress stimuli. The ginsenoside, Rb1, was tested in order to better understand its potential effects on altering the neurosteroid levels and ultimately attenuating stress. The optimal stressed condition was checked by measuring the 5a-dihydroprogesterone (DHP) and allopregnanolone (THP) levels in the brain after immobilization stress at various times. Based on this result, an acute stress model was set up to give 30 min of immobilization stress. The DHP and THP brain levels of the stressed mice were then investigated after administering Rb1 orally (10 mg/kg). These results were compared with the neurosteroid level in the stressed mice not given Rb1. Saline was administered orally to the nonstressed mice to check the placebo effect. Acute immobilization stress induced an increase in the THP and DHP concentration in the frontal cortex and cerebellum. When Rb1 was administered orally prior to immobilization stress, the THP level in the frontal cortex and cerebellum was significantly lower than that in the stressed animals not given Rb1. On the other hand, the DHP level was lower in the cerebellum only. This suggests that the metabolism of the brain neurosteroids is linked to psychological stress, and Rb1 attenuates the stressinduced increase in neurosteroids.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2017

The operation of subway trains induces secondary structure-borne vibrations in the nearby underground spaces. The vibration, along with the associated noise, can cause annoyance and adverse physical, physiological, and psychological effects on humans in dense urban environments. Traditional tethered instruments restrict the rapid measurement and assessment on such vibration effect. This paper presents a novel approach for Wireless Smart Sensor (WSS)-based autonomous evaluation system for the subway train-induced vibrations. The system was implemented on a MEMSIC's Imote2 platform, using a SHM-H high-sensitivity accelerometer board stacked on top. A new embedded application VibrationLevelCalculation, which determines the International Organization for Standardization defined weighted acceleration level, was added into the Illinois Structural Health Monitoring Project Service Toolsuite. The system was verified in a large underground space, where a nearby subway station is a good source of ground excitation caused by the running subway trains. Using an on-board processor, each sensor calculated the distribution of vibration levels within the testing zone, and sent the distribution of vibration level by radio to display it on the central server. Also, the raw time-histories and frequency spectrum were retrieved from the WSS leaf nodes. Subsequently, spectral vibration levels in the one-third octave band, characterizing the vibrating influence of different frequency components on human bodies, was also calculated from each sensor node. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed system is efficient for autonomously evaluating the subway train-induced ambient vibration of underground spaces, and the system holds the potential of greatly reducing the laboring of dynamic field testing.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.329-337
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of interpersonal problem on the relationship between ADHD tendency and depression in college students. Data collection started from October to November in 2020 and the duration of data collection was about 1 month. College students were administered questionnaires of ADHD tendency, depression, and interpersonal problem scales. Data from 201 college students were analyzed with structural equation model using SPSS and AMOS program. The results indicated that there were significant positive correlations among ADHD tendency, depression, and interpersonal problem in college students. And there was a full mediation effect of interpersonal problem on the relationship between ADHD tendency and depression in college students. The result suggests ADHD tendency do not directly influence on depression but ADHD tendency influence on depression through interpersonal problem in college students. Current findings can contribute to the counseling and clinical field by providing the strategy of reducing interpersonal problem to prevent the depression and enhance the psychological health of those who have ADHD tendency in college students.