• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2016

This paper describes a high data rate proximity transmitter design for high resolution smartphone-mirrored display applications. A 2 Gb/s transmitter is designed with a low transmission power of -70 dBm/MHz and a wide bandwidth of nearly 3 GHz. A digital pre-correction method is employed in the transmitter to mitigate the inter-symbol interference problem. A carrier-based digital pulse shaping and a reconfigurable digital envelope generation methods are employed for robust operation by utilizing 20 phases from a 2 GHz phase-locked loop. A 6.5-9.5 GHz transmitter implemented in 65 nm CMOS achieves the maximum data rate of 2 Gb/s, consuming only 7.6 mW from a 1 V supply.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.180-184
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• 2002

In this study, we investigated mask errors, photo errors with attenuated phase shift mask and off-axis illumination, and etch errors in dry etch conditions. We propose that total process proximity correction (TPPC), a concept merging every process step error correction, is essential in a lithography process when minimum critical dimension (CD) is smaller than the wavelength of radiation. A correction rule table was experimentally obtained applying TPPC concept. Process capability of controlling gate CD in DRAM fabrication should be improved by this method.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.19B no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

The pseudo relevance feedback suggests that frequent words at the top documents are related to initial query. However, the main drawback associated with the term frequency method is the fact that it relies on feature independence, and disregards any dependencies that may exist between words in the text. In this paper, we propose query expansion based on word graph using term proximity. It supplements term frequency method. On TREC WT10g test collection, experimental results in MAP(Mean Average Precision) show that the proposed method achieved 6.4% improvement over language model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.139-144
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• 2008

Generally, real system that is the object of decision-making is very variable and sometimes it lies situations with uncertainty. To solve these problem, it has used statistical methods as significance level, certainty factor, sensitivity analysis and so on. In this paper, we propose a method for fuzzy decision-making based on MFAC(Multiple Fuzzy Alpha Cut) to improve the definiteness of classification results with similarity evaluation. In the proposed method, MFAC is used for extracting multiple a ${\alpha}$-level with proximity degree at proximity relation between relative Hamming distance and max-min method and for minimizing the number of data which are associated with the partition intervals extracted by MFAC. To determine final alternative of decision-making, we compute the weighted value between extracted data by MFAC From the experimental results, we can see the fact that the proposed method is simpler and more definite than classification performance of the conventional methods and determines an alternative efficiently for decision-maker by testing significance of sample data through statistical method.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.10
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• pp.2071-2078
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed a non-contact respiration measurement system with ultrasonic proximity sensor. Ultrasonic proximity sensor approach of respiration measurement which respiration signatures and rates can be derived in real-time for long-term monitoring is presented. 240 kHz ultrasonic sensor has been applied for the proposed measurement system. The time of flight of sound wave between the transmitted signal and received signal have been used for a respiration measurement from abdominal area. Respiration rates measured with the ultrasonic proximity sensor were compared with those measured with standard techniques on 5 human subjects. Accurate measurement of respiration rate is shown from the 50 cm measurement distance. The data from the method comparison study is used to confirm the performance of the proposed measurement system. The current version of respiratory rate detection system using ultrasonic can successfully measure respiration rate. The proposed measurement method could be used for monitoring unconscious persons from a relatively close range, avoiding the need to apply electrodes or other sensors in the correct position and to wire the subject to the monitor. Monitoring respiration using ultrasonic sensor offers a promising possibility of non-contact measurement of respiration rates. Especially, this technology offers a potentially inexpensive implementation that could extend applications to consumer home-healthcare and mobile-healthcare products. Further advances in the sensor design, system design and signal processing can increase the range of the measurement and quality of the rate-finding for broadening the potential application areas of this technology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1857-1865
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of personal attributes as they related to developing first impressions and managing group acceptance in the context of sorority recruitment process. Specifically, we examined how certain personal characteristics of a sorority member were related to her use of a potential member's clothing and appearance as non-verbal cues during the member selection process. The characteristics identified through the literature review were materialism, fashion clothing involvement, and proximity of clothing to self. A questionnaire was distributed to members of two sorority houses at a southeastern university in the United States. A total of 140 US sorority members participated in the study. The results showed that a member's satisfaction with her chapter, her level of participation, and her length of membership in the chapter had no relation with her tendency to base her member selection on clothing and appearance. However, members' use of clothing and appearance as guiding their member selection decisions was related to other individual characteristics selected for the study(materialism, fashion clothing involvement, and proximity of clothing to self). Fashion clothing involvement and proximity of clothing to self(clothing for acceptance) were most significantly related to clothing-based member selection. Partial correlations were also produced to examine the mediating role of clothing-based impression formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.795-802
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• 2019

This paper deals with position-attitude coupling motion during spacecraft relative operation, and suggests dual quaternion-based kinematics for the problem. The position-attitude coupling motion can occur when the target point is located at an arbitrary point on the satellite body, not the center of mass. This is especially apparent in close proximity operation case. The dual quaternion-based kinematics directly reflects the angular velocity state, so that the coupling motion in which the change of attitude affects the position can be concisely defined. In this study, a new dual quaternion-based kinematics is presented along with a conventional approach to solve the coupling problem. Numerical simulations show that the position error for the target point is generated by the coupling motion, and verify that the dual quaternion-based kinematics can solve this problem.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.643-658
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• 2004

Mobile ad hoc networks(MANET) have recently attrarted a lot of attention in the research community as well as in industry. Although the previous research mainly focused on the various problems of MANET in data link and network layers, we consider, in this paper, how to efficiently support applications such as service discovery on top of MANET. Peer-to-Peer(P2P) overlay network can be adopted to service discovery mechanism because P2P and MANET share certain similarities, primarily the fact that both arc instances of self-organizing decentralized systems. Especially, distributed hash table(DHT) systems used for r2r overlay network can be effective in reducing the communication overhead in service discovery. However, since overlay network is independent of physical network topology and existing topology-aware mechanisms are based on the wired network, they are inefficient in MANET. We propose a proximity-based overlay network routing to overcome the inefficiency of routing in overlay network. In the proximity-based overlay network routing, each node collects information of physically close nodes by using one hop broadcast and routes messages to the logically closest node to destination. In a detailed ns-2 simulation study, we show that the proximity-based overlay network routing reduces the number of physical hops comparable to the flooding-based mechanism with low communication overhead. We also find that the proposed scheme works well in the mobile environment.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-105
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• 2007

The Hospitalized Acquired Infection is defined as the case where the hidden infection or not found at the time of hospitalization occurs during the hospitalized period or, within 30 days to those who performed the surgery operation and then left the hospital. About 2/3 of the Hospitalized Acquired Infection are found as having the internal infection cases that are occurred by the patients' own virus due to the lowered immune system, while about 1/3 are found as having the external infection. The latter 1/3 of the external infection cases can be prevented through the infection management. And in case the new Hospitalized Acquired Infection case occur to the patient who was treated in the hospital, its responsibility issue will matter. As well in the disputes over the Hospitalized Acquired Infection cases, the cause-result relation between the damages and the medical staff's fault and as to whether there is failure of the medical staff or not. personnel should be proved in the medical-malpractice cases. In addition, the difficulties in proving such as expertise, secrecy propensity, discrete propensity and incompleteness will be considered to ease the burden of patient side's proving. Probability theory, Fact based assumption theory, Most adequate plaintiff preassumption or Expressed evidence theories are being discussed as the theories of eased burden of proof. In the result of gathering and reviewing Korea's precedent cases concerning the Hospitalized Acquired Infection, there are only a few accumulated prece dent cases and the attitude of the court also are also not consistent. Therefore, there are the precedents where the cause-result relation and the failure are immediately assumed when (1) timely proximity between the medical behavior and malpractice results, (2) proximity between the medical behavior-applied parts and the malpractice results-found parts, and (3) lack of other causes are separately evidenced; while the are the precedents only when 'the existence of the medical faults based on the common sense' is separately evidenced. It was found that the former and latter cases coexisted. The former is considered as based on the theory that separates the fault and cause-result relation not to consider them together, or regarded as based on the doubts that assumes the medical staff's neglect even though the Hospitalized Acquired Infection might be completely prevented by their efforts. However, the modern medical technology has the limitation as far as the prevention of the Hospitalized Acquired Infection. In conclusion, the assumption of the cause-result relation and that of the fault should be separately reviewed. Therefore, the latter precedents are considered as more reasonable, in the point the faulty behavior may be proved based on the common sense.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.650-663
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• 2013

Multidimensional scaling can be used to identify relationships among concepts, revealing the structure of the cognitive framework by measuring distances within perceptual maps. The current study sought to examine the relationships among concepts related to photosynthesis in 2,844 $3^{rd}-11^{th}$ grade science students. The questionnaire included items on 'location,' 'products,' 'reactants,' and 'environmental factors', presenting images related to each theme. Students provided responses corresponding to particular topics, and reported the extent to which the concept was related to the topic on a scale from 1 to 30. The survey results were as follows: first, students were not able to clearly distinguish between or understand the four main topics. Second, students organized their cognitive structures by closely associating related concepts after learning. Third, the presented concepts revealed a mixture of scientific and non-scientific concepts, suggesting that students needed to clearly distinguish the preconceptions through which they organized concepts, so that they are suitable for cognitive structures based on learning. Furthermore, non-scientific concepts within perceptions were consistently maintained throughout learning, affecting the proximity of scientific concepts.