• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2013

The study was carried out to determine the gel pasting properties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Geoncheonheugbori) as affected by different proton beam irradiation. The ${\lambda}max$, blue value, and amylose content were significantly associated with increasing proton beam irradiation. The pasting time in barley flour irradiated with proton beam ranged 0.09 to 0.16 min shorter than nonirradiated barley flour. Gel pasting temperature ranged 57.4 to $60.5^{\circ}C$. Gel pasting temperature in barley flour decreased with increasing proton beam irradiation. Proton beam irradiation caused a significant decrease in the onset temperature (To), peak temperature (Tp), conclusion temperature (Tc) and enthalpy change (${\Delta}H$). Gelatinization range (R) in barley starch was more broaden than that of non-irradiated barley starch. Barley starches gave the strong diffraction peak at around $2{\Theta}$ values$15^{\circ}$, $18^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, and $23^{\circ}$ $2{\Theta}$. Peak intensity tended to increase with increased proton beam irradiation. The granule crystallinity is closely associated with decreased amylose and increased amylopectin component. The crystallinity degree of barley starch irradiated with proton beam was significantly increased and it ranged from 24.9 to 32.9% compared to the non-irradiated barley starches. It might be deduced that proton beam irradiation causes significant changes of properties of starch viscosity in rice, especially at high irradiation of proton beam.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the biological damage and stress responses induced by ion beam (proton beam) irradiation as a basis for the development of protective measures against space radiation. We examined the biological effects of proton beam produced by MC-50 cyclotron at KIRAMS on the cultured cells and mice. The proton beam energy used in this study was 34.9 MeV and the absorption dose rate for cells and mice were $0.509Gy\;sec^{-1}$ and $0.65Gy\;sec^{-1}$, respectively. The cell survival rates measured by plating efficiency showed the different sensitivity and dose-relationship between CHO cells and Balb/3T3 cells. HGPRT gene mutation frequency in Balb/3T3 was $15{\times}10^{-6}Gy^{-1}$, which was similar to the reported value of X-ray. When stress signaling proteins were examined in Balb/3T3 cells, $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ decreased markedly whereas p53, phospho-p53, and Rb increased after proton beam irradiation, which implied that the stress signaling pathways were activated by proton beam irradiation. In addition, cellular senescence was induced in IMR-90 cells. In the experiments with C57BL/6 mouse, the immune cells (white blood cells, lymphocytes) in the peripheral blood were greatly reduced following proton beam irradiation whereas red blood cells and platelets showed relatively little change. These results can be utilized as basic data for studying the biological effects of proton beam using MC-50 cyclotron with respect to proton therapy research as well as space radiation research.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2011

The survival rate and thermal, crystal, and physicochemical properties of starches in chinese yam tubers irradiated to proton beam were determined. Survival rate was decreased with increased proton beam irradiation. Amylose content of D. opposita starches from different proton beam ranged from 13.2% to 17.8%. D. opposita starch at 5 Gy showed the highest ${\Delta}H_{gel}$ values (12.0 J/g) while D. opposita starch at 25 Gy showed the lowest values (10.1 J/g). Several parameters such as PKV (peak viscosity), HPV (Hot peak viscosity) and CPV (Cooling peak viscosity) decreased with the increase in irradiation dose. The degrees of crystallinity of the D. opposita starches at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Gy were 37.2, 38.3, 38.9, 39.2 and 39.9%, respectively. It might be deduced that proton beam irradiation causes changes of starch, especially at high dose irradiation.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2005

Effects of proton beam irradiation on seed germination and growth pattern of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. BY-4; N. plumbaginifolia) and rice (Oryasativa L.) plants were estimated to develop the efficient conditions of irradiation. Seed germination rate was decreased by increasing the proton beam the current and the beam irradiation time in both tobacco and rice seeds. The beam irradiation conditions showing $50\%$ germination were over 60 sec at 10 nA, approximately 5 sec at 100 nA and at 500 nA beam current in tobacco seeds. And the conditions of $50\%$ germination were 60 sec at 10 nA, and 100 nA and 30 sec at 500nA in rice (cv. Dongjin 1) seeds. The growth of irradiated plants was decreased, but significant difference in morphological changes was not observed by the proton beam treatment. The proton beam is able to use as a mutagen, but some of the factors including beam size and beam detector-system must be established for efficient usage of the beam.

• International Journal of Oncology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.744-752
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• 2019

Fewer than 20% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer can be treated with surgical resection. The effects of proton beam irradiation were evaluated on the cell viabilities in Panc-1 and Capan-1 pancreatic cancer cells. The cells were irradiated with proton beams at the center of Bragg peaks with a 6-cm width using a proton accelerator. Cell proliferation was assessed with the MTT assay, gene expression was analyzed with semi-quantitative or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses and protein expression was evaluated by western blotting. The results demonstrated that Capan-1 cells had lower cell viability than Panc-1 cells at 72 h after proton beam irradiation. Furthermore, the cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein level was increased by irradiation in Capan-1 cells, but not in Panc-1 cells. Additionally, it was determined that histone H2AX phosphorylation in the two cell lines was increased by irradiation. Although a 16 Gy proton beam was only slightly up-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) protein expression in Capan-1 cells, p21 expression levels in Capan-1 and Panc-1 cells were significantly increased at 72 h after irradiation. Furthermore, it was observed that the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51), a homogenous repair enzyme, was decreased in what appeared to be a dose-dependent manner by irradiation in Capan-1 cells. Contrastingly, the transcription of survivin in Panc-1 was significantly enhanced. The results suggest that RAD51 and survivin are potent markers that determine the therapeutic efficacy of proton beam therapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.14-15
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• 2007

Proton irradiation technology was used for improvement of switching characteristics of the PT-IGBT. The proton irradiation was carried out at 5.56 MeV energy from the back side of processed wafers and at 2.39 MeV energy from the front side of the wafers. The on-state and off-state I-V characteristics and switching properties of the device were analyzed and compared with those of un-irradiated device and e-beam irradiated device which was conventional method for minority carrier lifetime reduction. The proton irradiated device by 5.56 MeV energy was superior to e-beam irradiated device for the on-state and off-state I-V characteristics, nevertheless turn-off time of proton irradiated device was superior to that of the e-beam irradiated device.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2010

For decades, traditional mutation breeding technologies using spontaneous mutation, chemicals, or conventional radiation sources have contributed greatly to the improvement of crops and microorganisms of agricultural and industrial importance. However, new mutagens that can generate more diverse mutation spectra with minimal damage to the original organism are always in need. In this regard, ion beam irradiation, including proton-, helium-, and heavier-charged particle irradiation, is considered to be superior to traditional radiation mutagenesis. In particular, it has been suggested that ion beams predominantly produce strand breaks that often lead to mutations, which is not a situation frequently observed in mutagenesis induced by gamma-ray exposure. In this review, we briefly describe the general principles and history of particle accelerators, and then introduce their successful application in ion beam technology for the improvement of crops and microbes. In particular, a 100-MeV proton beam accelerator currently under construction by the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is discussed. The PEFP accelerator will hopefully prompt the utilization of ion beam technology for strain improvement, as well as for use in nuclear physics, medical science, biology, space technology, radiation technology and basic sciences.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2006

Proton irradiation technology was used for improvement of switching characteristics of the PT-IGBT. Proton irradiation was carried out at 5.56 MeV energy with $1{\times}10^{12}/cm^2$ doze from the back side of the wafer. The I-V, breakdown voltage, and turn-off delay time of the device were analyzed and compared with those of un-irradiated device and e-beam irradiated device which was conventional method for minority carrier lifetime reduction. For proton irradiated device, the breakdown voltage and the on-state voltage were 733 V and 1.85 V which were originally 749 V and 1.25 V, respectively. The turn-off time has been reduced to 170 ns, which was originally $6{\mu}s$ for the un-irradiated device. The proton irradiated device was superior to e-beam irradiated device for the breakdown voltage and the on-state voltage which were 698 V and 1.95 V, respectively, nevertheless turn-off time of proton irradiated device was reduced to about 60 % compared to that of the e-beam irradiated device.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2008

The mechanism of charge flow has been probed by measuring the $^{1}H$ chemical shift on a proton-irradiated ${KH_2}{PO_4}$ (KDP) single crystal. The proton irradiation caused the increase in $^{1}H$ chemical shift. It can be interpreted as the electronic charge transfer from the proton to oxygen atom, accompanied with the proton displacement along the hydrogen bond. For the high resolution $^{1}H$ chemical shift measurement, CRAMPS (Combined Rotation And Multiple Pulses) technique is utilized.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.446-446
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• 2008

The effects of proton beam irradiation on the yittria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) pellets have been investigated using SEM, EDX and TGA. 130 keV proton beam was irradiated on YSZ with high doses and annealed at various temperatures. The ion conductivity was also measured as a function of proton irradiation temperature and annealing temperature and the results were compared with their corresponding SEM images and the results of SRIM calculations.