• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.582-592
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to analyze the effects of an eye protective device and ear protective device application on sleep disorder with coronary disease patients in CCU. Methods: The research design was set up as a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects were coronary disease patients in the CCU of a tertiary hospital. The subjects were composed of 20 in the group with an eye protective device, 18 in the group with an ear protective device, 17 in the group with an eye protective device and ear protective device and 20 in the control group. The data was analyzed by $X^2-test$, ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA, Sheffe-test, Simple main effect and Time contrast using SPSS Win 12.0. Results: The hypothesis, 'There are significant differences in sleep quantity among the four groups' was supported (F=1,342.71, p=.000). The hypothesis, 'There are significant differences in the subjective evaluation of the general sleep patterns among the four groups' was supported (F=3,638.73, p=.000). In addition the hypothesis, 'There are significant differences in degree of sleep among the four groups' was supported (F=1,616.61, p=.000). Conclusion: It is cost effective and a simple eye protective device and ear protective device should be applied to patients according to their preference and characteristics in the clinical setting.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2004

This paper suggests a novel evaluation scheme of protective effectiveness in distribution systems. The adequacy of every parameter in a protective device is evaluated for the setting or correction rules. Then, the protective effectiveness of a device, device-wise effectiveness, is obtained by the combination of the parametric evaluation results. The coordination-wise effectiveness between devices can be calculated by evaluating the parameters which contribute the performance of coordination. The protective effectiveness of the whole system can be obtained by combining the device-wise and coordination-wise effectiveness values. The rules, in this paper, are categorized into three groups; rules for single parameter, rules for coordination between parameters, and rules for coordination between protective devices to form a hierarchical calculation model. The proposed method is applied to a typical distribution network to show its effectiveness.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2015

In order to effectively protect electrical and electronic circuits which are extremely susceptible to lightning surges, multi-stage surge protection circuits are required. This paper presents the operational characteristics of the two-stage hybrid surge protection circuit in extra-low voltage DC power lines. The hybrid surge protective device consists of the gas discharge tube, transient voltage suppressor, and series inductor. The response characteristics of the proposed hybrid surge protective device to combination waves were investigated. As a result, the proposed two-stage surge protective device to combination wave provides the tight clamping level of less than 50V. The firing of the gas discharge tube to lightning surges depends on the de-coupling inductance and the rate-of-change of the current flowing through the transient voltage suppressor. The coordination between the upstream and downstream components of the hybrid surge protective device was satisfactorily achieved. The inductance of a de-coupler in surge protective circuits for low-voltage DC power lines, relative to a resistance, is sufficiently effective. The voltage drop and power loss due to the proposed surge protective device are ignored during normal operation of the systems.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2011

The vibration and shock of the opto-electronic protective device was induced mechanical failure or fail to work correctly. In order to identify the exciting frequency components of vibration and shock, vibration signals are measured and analyzed from the mechanical power press. In addition, the modal test for the opto-electronic protective device was performed to investigate the dynamic characteristics. Some FEM simulations were carried out and then anti vibration mount was made for opto-electronic protective device. Based on the results of simulations, some kind of rubber mounts were tested to demonstrate the reduction of vibration and shock. It was verified by the test that a considerable amount of vibration and shock were reduced.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.17
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• pp.616-619
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• 2004

Lightning surge damages of low voltage equipments in building are increasing due to increase in electrical and communication networks in the information-oriented society. And electronic equipments contained electrical circuits with semiconductor are very weak against lightning surge. The surge protective devices for electronic circuit in electronic equipments and AC power lines are becoming more widely. To achieve effective method of surge protection, there are needs for correlation between lightning surge protective effect of electronic equipment and installation method of surge protective device. This paper describes as a result of experiments for correlation between lightning surge protective effect and installation method of surge protective device.

• 한국조명전기설비학회지:조명전기설비
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1997

I본 논문은 교류 전원용 바리스터와 LC필터를 조합한 서지 보호장치에 대해서 기술하였다. 지금까지 교류 전류용 서지 보호장치로써 바리스터만이 주로 사용되어 왔으나, 이것은 급상승하고 높은 잔류전압 때문에 보호되어야 할 장비에 해로운 결과를 초래하는 경우도 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 교류 전원용 서지 보호장치의 차단 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 바리스터와 LC필터로 구성된 조합형 서지 보호장치를 설계.제작하였다. 그리고 서지 보호장치의 동작특성과 차단 성능의 분석에 대한 실험을 1.2/50[$\mu\textrm{s}$] 임펄스 발생기를 적용하여 수행하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 제시한 조합형 서지보호장치는 서지 전압을 더욱 낮게 제한할 수 있고, dV/dt의 값을 매우 낮은 값으로 감소시키며, LC필터에 의한 출력단의 고주파 전압을 효과적으로 감쇠시킬수 있기 때문에 전자시스템의 손상과 전도를 더욱 더 효과적으로 방지할 수 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.90-92
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• 2005

Lightning surge damages of low voltage equipments in building are increasing due to increase in electrical and communication networks in the information-oriented society. And electronic equipments contained electrical circuits with semiconductor are very weak against lightning surge. The surge protective devices for electronic circuit in electronic equipments and AC power lines are becoming more widely. To achieve effective method of surge protection, there are needs for correlation between lightning surge protective effect of electronic equipment and installation method of surge protective device. This paper describes as a result of experiments for correlation between lightning surge protective effect and installation of surge protective device and Earth Leakage Breaker.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2016

Accurate models of the characteristics of typical inverse-time overcurrent (OC) protective devices play an important role in the protective coordination schemes. This paper presents a novel approach to determine the OC protective device parameters. The approach is based on the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm which generates a state space model to fit the characteristics of OC protective devices. Instead of the conventional characteristic curves, the dynamic state space model gives a more exact fit of the OC protective device characteristics. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of decomposing the characteristic curve into smooth components and oscillation components. 19 characteristic curves from 13 typical and 6 non-typical OC protective devices are chosen for curve-fitting. The numbers of fitting components required are determined by the maximum absolute values of errors for the fitted equation. All fitted equations are replaced by a versatile equation for the characteristics of OC protective devices which represents the characteristic model of a novel flexible OC relay, which in turn may be applied to improve the OC coordination problems in the sub-transmission and distribution systems.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2004

In urban rail transit systems, ground faults in the DC traction power supply system are currently detected by the potential relay, 64P. Though it detects the fault it cannot identify the faulted region and therefore the faulted region could not be isolated properly. Therefore it could cause a power loss of the trains running on the healthy regions and the safety of the passengers in the trains could be affected adversely. Two new ground fault protective relay schemes that can identify the faulted region are presented in this paper. A current limiting device, called Device X, is newly introduced in both system, which enables large amount of ground fault current flow upon the positive line to ground fault. One type of the relaying schemes is called directional and differential ground fault protective relay which uses the current differential scheme in detecting the fault and uses the permissive signal from neighboring substation to identify the faulted region correctly. The other is called ground over current protective relay. It is similar to the ordinary over current relay but it measures the ground current at the device X not at the power feeding line, and it compares the current variation value to the ground current in Device X to identify the correct faulted line. Though both type of the relays have pros and cons and can identify the faulted region correctly, the ground over current protective relaying scheme has more advantages than the other.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2014

When DG interconnection into network is examined, details of the review are overvoltage, protective device malfunction, etc. In the case of protective device malfunction, replacing protective device into bi-directional protective device and installation NGR are the solution. Overvoltage at interconnection point occurs because the load is relatively less than DG output. When overvoltage at interconnection point occurs, DG interconnection is not permitted because this overvoltage affect other customers. Interconnection by installation new distribution line is one solution but it costs much money. Without installation new investment, change of NOP(Normal Open Point) position is a possible solution about DG interconnection into network.