• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.45
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• pp.220-249
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• 2001

In order to understand the provision of social welfare in Korea, this study puts forward a method to measure and tracks the welfare mix, and applies the method to Korea. This is the goal of this study, which is in three parts. First, I critically review the concept of welfare pluralism and develop the welfare mix model, Second, I present a methodology and technique for measuring and systematically comparing the components of the welfare mix. Third, I examine the roles of five welfare providers including state, market, non-profit organization, enterprise and family in the welfare mix of Korea. This study argues that the welfare mix in Korea has some characteristics of 'residual state, expanded market, negligible voluntary sector, and protective family'. The state in Korea has played a relatively little role in the provision of social welfare, enforcing most Koreans being with a meagre social protection. Thus, most of the 'left' needs for social welfare has to be met in the private sector composed of market and enterprises. In addition, in a situation that self/mutual help through family or community is encouraged, the family has played an important role in the welfare mix. But the role of voluntary sector in the welfare mix has remained negligible. Consequently, the characteristics of the welfare mix in Korea can be best described by a welfare society rather than a welfare state.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2003

As people get broader access to health information through the internet, there is a greater need for measure to maximize the social advantages of the internet and to minimize negative side-effects. With this concern, this paper classifies internet health information services sites into : on-line supply of health information, on-line consultation, on-line diagnosis, and on-line sales. As well this paper analyzes domestic laws supporting and/or regulating these services. The efficient provision of internet health services requires comprehensive laws on individual privacy protection, prevention and handling of medical accidents, an electronic prescription form for internet diagnosis, electronic signing, payment for medical expenses, qualifications for internet medical practitioners. Additional laws are required to establish internet pharmacies and internet health goods stores. These new laws can be prepared either separately or through revision of existing laws governing medical practice, pharmacies, and public health promotion. However, as the legal control by the government on cyber processes and entities has a fairly minimal effect, consumers should be encouraged to improve their own capacity for wisely using internet health services and health-service providers should be encouraged to promote voluntary supervision and control of their own services and practices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

Cooling equipment is the frequent occurrence of fire despite the absence of the heating element. National fire statistics in 2013 show that a total of 263 fires occurred in the cooling equipment and the number of electric fan has 145 fire cases. This is accounted for 55.1% of the whole. Electric fan is the electrical appliance that the heat is generated on the winding wire and the iron core. If such characteristic is not controled properly, fire would break out at the electric fan. also there is a gap filled with an insulator between connection terminals of the capacitor in the electric fan. But in case that the gap on the capacitor is covered with some conductive material such as dust, there would be a fire as well caused by electrical heating locally. Although many studies related with those have been conducted, electric fan fire is continuously occurred. In this study, thermal characteristics and current signal in various conditions such as the heat generation of windings including iron cores of the motor and the dielectric breakdown of terminals on the capacitor connected to the motor were detected. In order to measure the maximum temperature, "third level" wind velocity button was pushed and the time selection switch to "continuation" was set. Analyzed data would be available for the fire safety of the electric fan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.9-11
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• 2014

As Daecheon beach, which is the study area, has problem of erosion and loss of most beach under the extraordinary wave during the typhoon event, it is necessary to apply erosion control measures for short term impact. Therefore, we analyzed the status and reason of the erosion by field survey, collection of hydraulic model test, and numerical model experiment. For the erosion control measure, we adopted beach feeding and submerged reef method available at that site among various counter measures. Numerical analyses were made for both beach feeding only and beach feeding with submerged reefs and these were compared with the present status to find out the optimum design and to contribute for preparing a long term plan of beach loss protection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.91-93
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• 2014

Philippine fisheries code of 1998 (Republic Act 8550), which is enacted to achieve food security by managing, conserving and protecting fishery resources, obliges local governments to designate no less than 15% of jurisdictional municipal water as fisheries resource protection zone. Accordingly, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are the most extensively established as fisheries management and conservation tool and over 1,500 MPAs are reported in the Philippines. But there has been debate on the pros and cons of implementing MPAs because of the positive and negative impacts on local communities and fishermen. A dichotomous-choice contingent-valuation survey was conducted in the two municipalities of Guimaras, Philippines to investigate public opinion in debates over MPAs and to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for MPAs to protect and conserve marine habitats for fishery resources. For the benefits and costs of MPAs, 43.6% of respondents thought the costs would be larger than the benefit, but 91% respondents voted in favor of increasing MPAs for fisheries resources as a protective measure. Finally, the estimated Turnbull lower-bound mean WTP (36.75ha) was php 493.6(US$ 11.3) per household to establish the additional MPA (36.75ha) in their municipality waters.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.471-472
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• 2007

The scalp is skin tissue for skull-protection and roots for hair growth. Therefore continuous monitoring of scalp condition is essential for hair management. However, the equipments for existent are inconvenient to use because of focus tremor and external factors(Hair Gel, Wax, accessories and so on). Furthermore there is a problem to use an expensive optical devices like CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera or lens of 200 - 1000 magnification. It causes a difficulty of using those equipment. We design the special electrode(length 5.65mm, diameter 0.8mm of needle shape) and the impedance system(1kHz, 78uA). Tn this paper, we can measure scalp impedance with our system. Moreover, we find the possibility of classifying scalp condition with measured impedance values. For the classification of scalp condition, we used ARAMO-TS as an imaging system. In conclusion, the problem of existent devices could be improved using these method. It also has a benefit of continuous monitoring of scalp condition.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1992.09a
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• pp.5-26
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• 1992

Many methods of in vitro SPF evaluation have been developed in order to measure SPF of sunscreen products. In this study, we compared two spectrophotometric in vitro measurements using the skin cast made of Luviset CAP- $X^{R}$ resin and Transpor $e^{R}$ tape as substrate with two in vivo measurements using guinea pig and human. And we also observed the radiation reaching on the earth's surface in Seoul for one year and the change of the primary skin irritancy along the change of SPF value. According to the our research, the first, in vivo measurement using guinea pig had the close agreement with SPF measurement using human and showed the tendancy that guinea pig SPF was lower than human SPF. The second, there was the good relationship between in vitro SPF by using Transpor $e^{R}$ tape and in vivo SPF, and it is possible to predict human SPF from Protection Index(PI) by using tape. The third, it is thought that SPE 20 is reasonable value because of UV intensity in Seoul and the primary skin irritancy of higher SPF than 25. So we propose that it is important to distinguish the sunscreen product having higher than approximate 25 from the category of general cosmetics including lower SPF sunscreen product.oduct.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.37-50
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• 1992

Liquefaction leads to severe damage to earth structures after an earthquake. In this study, shaking table tests were performed on model waterfront structures as a countermeasure against liquefaction. The waterfront structure was reinforced by a compacted Bone, which was investigated for its effectiveness in protecting the structure from excessive deformation induced by the lateral pressure of liquefied ground. Through the tests . on embankment, double sheet pile wall, and anchor sheet pile wall, good quantitative information on the behavior of flow failure and the extent of reinforcement was obtained. The extent of a compacted zone for the protection of the structure depends on the magnitude of the acceleration during the shaking. The measured deformation was represented in terms of the extent of the compacted zone and the magnitude of the input acceleration.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.49-54
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• 1996

We propose a new method for measuring coliform group in water. In this method we measure the pressure increase rate with time due to the generation of $CO_{2}$ gas formed during the fermentation of coli. Experimental results by constructed instrument using pressure and temperature sensors show that we can determine the amounts of coli in $4{\sim}6$ hours, which usually takes $24{\sim}72$ hours by conventional methods.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2018

This study was to measure the exposure of diesel vehicle drivers to elemental carbon (EC) as an indicator of diesel particulate matter (DPM) emitted from diesel vehicles in an underground coal mine over 3 years as per NIOSH Method 5040. Our study results (range $10{\mu}g/m^3-377{\mu}g/m^3$ for the loader drivers, $19{\mu}g/m^3-162{\mu}g/m^3$ for the SMV drivers) were similar or less than previous study results (range $5{\mu}g/m^3-2,200{\mu}g/m^3$) for normal mine operations. From this study results, it appeared that the exposures decreased in the second and the third year. It is thought that the reasons for the decreased personal DPM (EC) exposures over the 3 years were related to the following recommendations; more frequent monitoring and maintenance of the diesel vehicles and their DPM filtration systems, more consistent monitoring of the mine's ventilation system and changes of work practices such as minimizing the opening of diesel vehicle windows. An educational program on adverse health effects of exposure to DPM and use of respiratory protection (P2 respirators) also assisted in minimizing driver exposure to DPM.