• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.288-291
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to clarify degrees of difficulty of the Japanese L2 (second language) learners for learning Korean sounds and phonological rules. 31 subjects took a questionnaire survey and an identification test using words. In addition, each subject's pronunciation was evaluated by 3 Korean native speakers. As for Korean sounds, the results show that Japanese L2 learners have a tendency perceiving that listening is more difficult than pronouncing, although the listening test's scores were greater than the pronunciation test's scores for a majority of the items. As for Korean phonological rules, 1) there were some difficult items for applying the phonological rules, although Japanese L2 learners had knowledge of them, and 2) there were also some items that Korean native speakers evaluated Japanese L2 learners' pronunciations as the phonological rules were applied, even though learners pronounced them without any knowledge.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.17-20
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the actual pronunciation of the words of foreign origin on TV news programs, and to review the regulations related to it. To investigate the actual pronunciation of the foreign words, the frequency data of the National Korean Language Institute is used as the subject of investigation. There is a big gap between the actual pronunciation and the orthography of the words of foreign origin. And received pronunciation of foreign words is need to teach or learn Korean efficiently. I suggest the pronunciation of foreign words is marked on Korean dictionary instead of revising the related regulations.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.24-27
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• 2006

This paper describes how a domain dependent pronunciation lexicon is generated and optimized for Korean large vocabulary continuous speech recognition(LVCSR). At the level of lexicon, pronunciation variations are usually modeled by adding pronunciation variants to the lexicon. We propose the criteria for selecting appropriate pronunciation variants in lexicon: (i) likelihood and (ii) frequency factors to select variants. Our experiment is conducted in three steps. First, the variants are generated with knowledge-based rules. Second, we generate a domain dependent lexicon which includes various numbers of pronunciation variants based on the proposed criteria. Finally, the WERs and RTFs are examined with each lexicon. In the experiment, 0.72% WER reduction is obtained by introducing the variants pruning criteria. Furthermore, RTF is not deteriorated although the average number of variants is higher than that of compared lexica.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제68권
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• pp.33-47
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a hybrid acoustic and pronunciation model adaptation method based on context dependency for Korean-English speech recognition. The proposed method is performed as follows. First, in order to derive pronunciation variant rules, an n-best phoneme sequence is obtained by phone recognition. Second, we decompose each rule into a context independent (CI) or a context dependent (CD) one. To this end, it is assumed that a different phoneme structure between Korean and English makes CI pronunciation variabilities while coarticulation effects are related to CD pronunciation variabilities. Finally, we perform an acoustic model adaptation and a pronunciation model adaptation for CI and CD pronunciation variabilities, respectively. It is shown from the Korean-English speech recognition experiments that the average word error rate (WER) is decreased by 36.0% when compared to the baseline that does not include any adaptation. In addition, the proposed method has a lower average WER than either the acoustic model adaptation or the pronunciation model adaptation.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 18명의 아나운서로부터 녹음된 문장으로부터 분석된 결과를 바탕으로 하여 발음속도에 따른 한국어의 휴지기 규칙과 음절길이 조절규칙에 대하여 논하였다. 휴지기 규칙은 문장과 문장 사이, 절과 절 사이 그리고 말 토막과 말 토막 사이의 휴지지로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석결과로부터 다음과 같은 길이조절규칙을 찾아낼 수 있었다. 낭독체에 있어서 한 문장의 전체길이가 늘어날수록, 즉 발음속도가 늘어날수록, 늘어난 발음길이의 대부분을 문장사이 그리고 절 사이의 휴지기가 차지한다. 그리고 평균음절의 길이는 휴지기에 비교할 때 상대적으로 작게 증가한다. 또한 말 토막사이의 휴지기는 발음을 빠르게 할 때에는 발화되지 않다가 발음속도가 느려짐에 따라서 서서히 발화되기 시작한다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.80-83
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to build a pronunciation lexicon with estimated likelihoods of the phonetic rules based on the phonetic realizations and therefore to improve the performance of CSR using the dictionary. In the baseline system, the phonetic rules and their application probabilities are defined with the knowledge of Korean phonology and experimental tuning. The advantage of this approach is to implement the phonetic rules easily and to get stable results on general domains. However, a possible drawback of this method is that it is hard to reflect characteristics of the phonetic realizations on a specific domain. In order to make the system reflect phonetic realizations, the likelihood of phonetic rules is reestimated based on the statistics of the realized phonemes using a forced-alignment method. In our experiment, we generates new lexica which include pronunciation variants created by reestimated phonetic rules and its performance is tested with 12 Gaussian mixture HMMs and back-off bigrams. The proposed method reduced the WER by 0.42%.

• 한국어교육
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.165-196
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• 2018

This study examined the language acquisition of children from Chinese families in Korea under the bilingual background of Korean and Chinese, focusing on pronunciation and vocabulary. First, in the analysis of pronunciation acquisition, children correctly realized the lenition, aspirated sound, glottalization, palatalization, nasalization, and liquidization while the realization of pronunciation rules for unfamiliar words was low. There were also errors caused when the application principles of pronunciation were not accurately understood or they were not partially acquired. Second, in the analysis of vocabulary acquisition, the acquisition of receptive vocabulary was in the order of verb, noun, and adjective while they clearly understood vocabulary used in the actual relationships with school, family, and peers. In the acquisition of productive vocabulary, they showed the 'meaning-centered principle' of learning the meaning of vocabulary first and then learning its form afterwards. The amount of study and exposure to Korean language had effects on the improvement of vocabulary. Even though this study focused on the errors and characteristics in the acquisition process of Korean pronunciation and vocabulary for children from Chinese families in Korea, it could not clearly find out which one would have greater effects on the acquisition of Korean language. However, lots of exchanges and experiences with surrounding environment and peer group had great effects on the language acquisition and language acquisition transfer of children.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.75-85
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• 2000

Koreans and English have different phonotactic constraints and phonological rules. It causes Korean learners to have difficulty in pronouncing certain English consonant clusters correctly. This paper aims to discuss what English consonant clusters are difficult for Korean learners to learn and why this difficulty arises by comparing phonotactic constraints and phonological rules of English and Korean.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2009

This study observes how the combined intervention program effects on the acquisition reading pronunciation of Korean phonological process words and the acquisition aspects of each phonological process rules to four Korean learners whose first language is Chinese. The training program is the combination of multisensory Auditory, Visual and Kinethetic (AVK) approach, wholistic approach, and metalinguistic approach. The training purpose is to evaluate how accurately they read the words of the phonological process which have fortisization, nasalization, lateralization, intermediate sound /ㅅ/ (/${\int}iot"$/). We access how they read the untrained words which include the four factors above. The intervention effects are analyzed by the multiple probe across subjects design. The results indicate that the combined phonological process rule explanation and the words activity intervention affects the four Chinese subjects in every type of word. The implications of the study are these: First, it suggests the effect of Korean pronunciation intervention in a concrete way. Second, it offers how to evaluate the phonological process and how to train people who are learning Korean language.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2013

The problem of the sentence-based pronunciation evaluation task is defined in the context of subjective criteria. Three subjective criteria (that is, the minimum subjective word score, the mean subjective word score, and first impression) are proposed and modeled with the combination of word-based assessment. Then, the subjective criteria are approximated with objective sentence pronunciation scores obtained with the combination of word-based metrics. No a priori studies of common mistakes are required, and class-based language models are used to incorporate incorrect and correct pronunciations. Incorrect pronunciations are automatically incorporated by making use of a competitive lexicon and the phonetic rules of students' mother and target languages. This procedure is applicable to any second language learning context, and subjective-objective sentence score correlations greater than or equal to 0.5 can be achieved when the proposed sentence-based pronunciation criteria are approximated with combinations of word-based scores. Finally, the subjective-objective sentence score correlations reported here are very comparable with those published elsewhere resulting from methods that require a priori studies of pronunciation errors.