• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.118-119
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• 2007

We report a rare case of Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome caused by prone position for spine surgery. A 48-year old man developed Wallenberg's syndrome characterized by involuntary myoclonic movements, ataxia on his left side, hyperalgia and cold sensation on his right side after prone position for general anesthesia for the spinal stenosis L3-L4, L4-L5. Brain computed tomography scan was immediately performed and showed negative findings, but magnetic resonance image [MRI] demonstrated brain infarction on the left medulla. Emergent heparinization was performed and his motor power and sensation returned to normal and discharged with stable and satisfactory recovery after 16 days.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.172-175
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• 1991

Abnormality in the central noradrenergic system may be related to the seizure prone state in the genetically epilepsy prone rats (GEPR). The present work deals with the characterization of the deficit in noradrenergic system if susceptitibility and intensity of seizure are dependent on central noradrenregic activities by comparing the activities of dopamine $\beta$-hydroxylase (DBH) which hydroxylates dopamine into noradrenaline. DBH activities were measured in 5 areas of brain of normal rats, native GEPR and severe GEPR. The results suggest that lower DBH activities in the midbrain of GEPRs may positively be coupled to the susceptibility to seizure, whereas the same characteristics of the native or severe GEPR are not neccessarily in parallel with the intensity of seizure.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The effects of an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) using a pressure bio-feedback unit (PBFU) were compared to the effects of a pelvic belt (PB) on the muscle activities of the hip and back extensor muscles during hip extension in the prone position. Fifteen healthy male participants all performed prone hip extensions under three conditions: 1) preferred hip extension (PHE), 2) performing an ADIM, and 3) using a PB. The muscle activities of the erector spinae, the gluteus maximus, and the medial hamstring on the right side were recorded by surface electromyography. The muscle activity of the erector spinae was significantly lower while performing an ADIM during prone hip extension than during PHE or with a PB (p<.05). Gluteus maximus muscle activity was significantly higher while performing an ADIM (p<.05). No significant difference was found for the medial hamstring muscle among the three conditions (p>.05). We concluded that the internal stabilization of the pelvis and lumbar spine afforded by the ADIM using a PBFU could be more effective than the external stabilization provided by a PB in terms of increasing selectively gluteus maximus activation during prone hip extension.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.293-311
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• 2017

There are several claimed benefits for the impact of design patterns (DPs) on software quality. However, the association between design patterns and fault-proneness has been a controversial issue. In this work, we evaluate the fault-proneness of design patterns at four levels: the design level, category level, pattern level, and role level. We used five subject systems in our empirical study. As a result, we found that, at the design level, the classes that participate in the design patterns are less fault-prone than the non-participant classes. At the category level, we found that the classes that participate in the behavioral and structural categories are less fault-prone than the non-participant classes. In addition, we found that the classes that participate in the structural design patterns are less fault-prone than the classes that participate in the other categories. At the pattern level, we found that only five patterns show significant associations with fault-proneness: builder, factory method, adapter, composite, and decorator. All of these patterns except for builder show that the classes that participate in each one of them are less fault-prone than the non-participant classes in that pattern. The classes that participate in the builder design pattern were more fault-prone than the non-participant classes and the classes that participate in several patterns: the adapter, the composite, and the decorator design patterns. At the role level, the most significant differences were between the classes that participate in some roles and the non-participant classes. Only three pairs of design pattern roles show significant differences. These roles are concrete-product vs. concrete-creator, adapter vs. adaptee, and adapter vs. client. The results recommend the use of design patterns because they are less fault-prone in general except for the builder design pattern, which should be applied with care and addressed with more test cases.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.293-302
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of plank exercises involving the contraction of the adductor muscle of the hip joint on core muscle thickness and to propose an effective plank exercise method. Methods: A total of 30 healthy young adults (17 males, 13 females) voluntarily participated in the study. The subjects were randomized to the prone plank exercise with hip adductor contraction (n=10), the prone plank exercise (n=10), and the supine plank exercise (n=10) groups. Muscle thickness measurements were taken prior to starting the exercise program and after completing the program at the end of a 4-week period. The muscle thickness of the rectus abdominis (RA), multifidus (MF), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA) muscles were measured using ultrasonography. Each group performed the stipulated plank exercise five times a week as follows: 5 sets of 20 seconds during the first week, 5 sets of 30 seconds in the second week, 5 sets of 40 seconds in the third week, and 5 sets of 40 seconds in the last week. Results: The three different types of plank exercises all showed significantly increased thickness of the RA, MF, EO, IO, and TrA (P<0.05). Furthermore, changes in the thickness of both the MF and TrA were statistically more significant in the groups that did the prone plank exercise with the hip adductor contraction and the supine plank exercise than in the prone plank exercise group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study results suggest that the prone plank exercise with hip adductor contraction is a more effective method for overall activation of the RA, MF, EO, IO, and TrA than the prone plank exercise and the supine plank exercise.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2021

High-Resolution thoracic CT (HRCT) is a scanning protocol in which thin slice thickness and sharpness algorithm are utilized to enhance image resolution for diagnosis and assessment of interstitial lung disease (ILD). This examination is sometimes performed in both supine and prone position to improve sensitivity to early changes of these conditions. Anatomical structures (the size of lung field and heart and descending aorta) of 150 patients who underwent HRCT were retrospectively compared. HRCT had been conducted in two positions (supine and prone). Data were divided into five groups according to patient body weights (from 40 to more than 80kg, 10kg intervals, 60 patients/each group). Quantitative analysis was utilized in Image J program. In the supine position defined as the control group, the average values of lung fields and heart size and aorta were compared with the prone position defined as the experimental group. The size of the lungs was found to be higher in the supine position, and it was confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference in patients over 70 kg (p<0.05). In addition, both sizes of the heart and descending aorta were larger in prone position, but in the case of the heart, there was no correlation with the presence or absence of ILD disease (p>0.05). Also, the area of prone in the descending aorta was higher than supine position, but there was no statistically significant difference between supine and prone position (p>0.05). In conclusion, when the severity of ILD disease was severe, there was no statistically significant difference in the area difference between supine and prone position, so it is considered that it will be helpful in diagnostic decision.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2013

Patients who had claustrophobia tend to feel fear when they were scanned by an MRI, CT, PET-CT, or using a gamma camera scan. In this paper, claustrophobic patients were tested to find effective ways by changing patient's positions. For this paper, PET-CT scan in patients who had claustrophobia were used in the prone position. Prone position helped to maintain stable position and to get a h0igh quality of inspection without failure. Thus, as claustrophobic patients were requested taking prone position, they could feel comfortable. In a confined space, prone position for the claustrophobic patients who had a fear of the PET-CT examination would be expected to reduce the failure rate of inspection.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2019

Objective: We aimed to investigate differences of range of motion in measuring shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) resulting from posture change in manual scapular stabilization in prone, hook-lying, sitting, and standing positions in healthy young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study included healthy young adults who agreed to participate after a thorough explanation about the study purpose and methods. A clinometer was used to measure shoulder rotation. Measurements of shoulder rotation according to postural change were performed in prone, hook-lying, sitting, and standing positions. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare between-group differences in postural change. Results: The lower the posture, the greater the average value of IR angle. In contrast, the higher the posture, the greater the average value of the external rotation angle. In active and passive IR with posture change, there was difference in average value but with no statistical significance. In active and passive ER, there was a statistically significant difference between prone and sitting, prone and standing, hook-lying and sitting, hook-lying and standing, and sitting and standing position (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that postural change should be considered in order to increase the strength or range of motion of the internal and external rotation of the patient's shoulder joint.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease invading the skin, joint, kidney, intestinal membrane, neurosystem and other organs. SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation resulting in the production of antinuclear antibodies(ANA), generation of circulating immune complexes, and activation of the complement system. In Korean medicine, lupus can be classified as acute arthritis, reddish butterfly erythema, asthenic disease, edema and so on. The cause and procedure of the diseases are flourishing noxious heat, excessive fire due to deficiency of yin, blood stasis due to stagnation of qi, internal movement of the liver-wind, congenital deficiency, exhausted vital-qi, which are treated by clearing away heat and cooling the blood, nourshing yin and extinguishing fire, treating flatulence and activating blood circulation, nourishing the blood to expel wind, invigorating the liver and kidney, invigorating qi and replenishing the blood. To experimentally examine the influence of Insam-Buja-Tang (Ginseng & Aconiti Extract, IBT) on the outbreak and development of lupus, lupus induce MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice model was used. As IBT was orally administrated to a lupus model mouse, various tests such as the weight, urine protein, renal function, Lymph cell test of the spleen, Cytokine expression, histopathological analysis of kideny were performed to see the influence on the kidney and whether it work effectively on the immune function. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of IBT on MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice model. The effect of IBT on MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice that can have autoimmune disease similar to SLE in human was evaluated after IBT per oral in the present study.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

Purpose: The pelvic tilting exercise is a well recognized rehabilitation maneuver. However, little information is available on the changes of lumbar segmental motion during pelvic tilting. This study was conducted to measure the kinematics of the pelvic tilting exercise on the supine and prone positions via fluoroscopy. Methods: A total of 10 female subjects were enrolled. During anterior, neutral, and posterior pelvic tilting, radiographs were taken in each exercise via fluoroscopy (ARCADIS Orbic, Siemens, USA). Images were sent to the picture archiving communication system (PACS), and the digitized images were analyzed using LabVIEW software (National Instruments, USA). Lumbosacral lordosis and the intervertebral body angle, intervertebral disc angle, and intervertebral displacement were analyzed. Results: The results of lumbar kinematic analysis during three tilting postures in the supine and prone positions demonstrated that lumbosacral lordosis and the intervertebral body angle and intervertebral disc angle were significantly higher when the pelvis was tilted anteriorly (p>0.05). However, there was no significant difference between anterior and neutral tilting in the intervertebral disc angle at the L3/4 level in the prone position (p>0.05), and there was no significant difference among tilting positions in intervertebral body displacement in the prone position (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study provides scientific evidence about the pelvic tilting exercise in lumbosacral segmental motion. Depending on the pelvic tilting exercise, kinematic changes were demonstrated in both positions, especially in the supine position. It is suggested that the supine position is effective for mobility, but it should be used carefully for the LBP (Low back pain) patient with hypermobility.