• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.31-53
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find out the factors affecting the usage and performance of e-Trade in Chinese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(SMEs). To achieve the purpose of the study, the research model and hypotheses, depicting the relationship among external factors, internal factors, relationship characteristics, e-Trade usage level, and performance were developed based on the existing literature on e-Trade. To test the significance of the research model and hypotheses, an empirical survey were conducted to the Chinese SMEs in Yangtze River Delta area, which are actively using the e-Trade in their trade processes. According to the result of the statistical analyses on the 85 effective questionnaires from the sample firms, support of the government related institutions(one of the external factors) and CEO's support(one of the internal factors) had significant relationship with e-Trade usage level, but no significant relationship was found between the relationship characteristics and e-Trade usage level. Like the results of the most of the existing literature, e-Trade usage level were formed to significantly affected the e-Trade performance. Finally, based on results of the empirical survey, several implications on the Chinese SME's e-Trade strategies and policy alternatives were proposed as a concluding remark.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2013

In this paper we interpreted the changes in wind field over complex mountainous terrains. The results of our study can be applied for predicting the direction of fire spread and for establishing strategies for fire prevention. The study area is bounded by $12{\times}12$ km domains of the Samcheok's long-term ecological research (LTER) site located in the east coast, in which a large-fire had occurred from 7 to 13 April 2000. Because of the area's complex topography, we compared the result of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model with those observed by four automated weather stations. The WRF simulation overestimated the wind speed by 5 to 8 m/s (~200%) in comparison with those from four automated weather stations. The wind directions observed by the AWSs were from various directions whereas those from WRF model were mostly west wind at all stations. Overall, the simulations by the WRF mesoscale models were not appropriate for the estimation of microscale wind fields over complex mountainous areas. To overcome such inadequacy of reproducing the wind fields, we employed the ENVI-met model over Samcheok's LTER site. In order to test the model's sensitivity with the terrain effects, experimental simulations were conducted with various initial conditions. The simulation results of the ENVI-met model showed a reasonable agreement in wind speeds (about 70% accuracy) with those of the four AWSs. Also, that the variations in wind directions agreed reasonably well with changes in terrain effect. We concluded that the ENVI-met model is more appropriate in representing the microscale wind field over complex mountain terrains, which is required to predict fire spread and to establish strategies for forest fire prevention.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-169
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• 2015

Social enterprises that are solving pressing global issues and providing services such as micro-finance, affordable housing, appropriate technology and education for the 'bottom of the pyramid' as well as cultural and community-related businesses that improve the 'quality of life' within a society are the target of impact investments. Among them, a capital financing is one of the most important factor in founding and fostering of social enterprise. However, the capital market for social enterprises in South Korea are not yet sufficiently developed. The Britain and U.S.A. attempted to solve the social problem by the introduction of the social innovation credit model, for example, social impact bonds(SIB), Big Society Capital, DBLIF, and ACCION International, which are considered as an innovative new financing instrument for social program. Instruments are being attempted for the first time in Britain and America. This study have two purposes. The first purpose is abstracting the institutional mechanism for introduction of impact investment such as SIB and DBLIF case in Britain and U.S.A.. Second, analyzing type and mix of policy instrument on impact investment from the perspective of policy instrument.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.669-680
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• 2020

In Korea, fireproof performance is evaluated through a series of fire-resistance tests for important structures, and the performance standard follows the guidelines suggested by ITA. The fireproof duct slab manufactured by combining the slab and the fireproof material with a precast method is effective in that it can eliminate the construction time of the fireproof material. In this study, a series of fire resistance tests was performed on the fire test specimens under the RWS fire scenario in order to secure the fire resistance performance of the precast fireproof duct slab. As a result of the test, it was found that the fireproof performance was secured when the thickness of the fireproof material was 30 mm or more. In both fireproof materials and concrete, the rate of temperature change initially increased, then decreased, and then increased again, and the temperature at the inflection point was measured as 110℃ for all fireproof materials and concrete. It is judged that this occurs when the C-S-H (CaO-SiO₂-H₂O) generated by the hydration reaction in both the fireproof material and concrete is dehydrated.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.529-541
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• 2020

Although TBM's cutterhead requires design review for fatigue failure due to wear-induced section loss as well as heavy load during excavation, it is difficult to find a case of fatigue analysis for TBM cutterhead at present. In this study, a stress-life design review was conducted on cutter heads with a diameter of 8.2 m using S-N curves as a safety life design concept. Also, we introduced the fatigue design method of construction equipment and the method of assessing fatigue damage and explained the results of the fatigue analysis on the TBM cutter head with a diameter of 8.2 m. The S-N curve has been shown to play a key role in fatigue design and can also be used to assess how much fatigue damage a structure is suffering from at this point in time. In the future, it is necessary to find out when fatigue problems occur during using the equipment and when it is good to conduct safety inspections of the equipment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.548-556
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of cognitive and affective images of a farm party venue on consumer satisfaction and revisit intention with a research model and hypothesis test. First, the cognitive and affective images of a farm party venue had a significant effect on consumer satisfaction in the test and the cognitive image had greater impact on consumer satisfaction than the affective image had. Second, consumer satisfaction had a significant effect on the revisit intention in the test, which indicates that farm party venues are required to find a way to boost the satisfaction of tourists in order to encourage their intentions to revisit. In order to revitalize rural tourism through farm party and raise income in rural areas, it is most important that farm party venue produce images that are differentiated from other farmhouses. In order to activate the farm party for the 6th industry, it will be possible to establish images of the farmers and utilize them in promotional marketing for the promotion of rural tourism. The present study is limited in that it did not collect feedback from farm party operators in action. With this in mind, another study is planned, focusing on those farm party operators.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.438-443
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• 2007

This study was done to investigate perchlorate contamination in Nakdong river. The perchlorate was detected in Nakdong river and ranged from ND to $82.1{\mu}g/L$. The highest concentration was observed in Wheguan. The perchlorate concentration was decreased with the down stream of Nakdong river. Three different virgin activated carbons made of each coal(Calgon), coconut(Samchully) and wood(Picabiol) based activated carbon(AC) were tested for an adsorption performance of perchlorate in a continuous adsorption column. Breakthrough behavior was investigated that the breakthrough points of coal, coconut and wood based AC as 2,300 bed volumn(BV), 719 BV and 288 BV respectively. Adsorption capacity(X/M) of real, coconut and wood based AC was observed. The experimental results of adsorption capacity showed that coal based AC was highest$(768.2{\mu}g/g)$, coconut based AC was intermediate$(299{\mu}g/g)$ and wood based AC was lowest$(99.2{\mu}g/g)$. Moreover, carbon usage rates(CURs) for coal, coconut and wood based AC had been shown as 0.71 g/day, 2.16 g/day and 3.45 g/day respectively. The constant characteristic of the system, k of coal, coconut and wood based ACs were found to be 307.2, 102.5 and 94.2, respectively.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.168-176
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• 2020

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage DNA and cause cancer. Therefore, the research is being conducted on the development of antioxidants for the removal of ROS. This study was performed to investigate antioxidant activity and protective effect against oxidative DNA damage using ethyl acetate fractions from the cone of Pinus rigida × taeda (ERT). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, and Fe2+ chelating assay. Also, the contents of phenolic compounds and vitamin C related to antioxidant activity were analyzed to confirm phytochemicals. The DNA protective effect against oxidative stress was confirmed by the φX-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay. As a result, ERT showed DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of reducing power and Fe2+ chelating activities were 77.32 ± 2.28% and 64.09 ± 1.01% at 200 ㎍/㎖. Also, ERT showed a DNA protective effect against oxidative stress.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.337-351
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• 2018

This paper discusses 5G IOT, Augmented Reality, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Future Autonomous Driving Vehicle technology, and presents 5G utilization of Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games and Jeju Smart City model. The reason is that 5G is the main artery of the 4th industry.5G is the fourth industrial aorta because 5G is the core infrastructure of the fourth industrial revolution. In order for the AI, autonomous vehicle, VR / AR, and Internet (IoT) era to take off, data must be transmitted several times faster and more securely than before. For example, if you send a stop signal to LTE, which is a communication technology, to a remote autonomous vehicle, it takes a hundredth of a second. It seems to be fairly fast, but if you run at 100km / h, you can not guarantee safety because the car moves 30cm until it stops. 5G is more than 20 gigabits per second (Gbps), about 40 times faster than current LTE. Theoretically, the vehicle can be set up within 1 cm. 5G not only connects 1 million Internet (IoT) devices within a radius of 1 kilometer, but also has a speed delay of less than 0.001 sec. Steve Mollenkov, chief executive officer of Qualcomm, the world's largest maker of smartphones, said, "5G is a key element and innovative technology that will connect the future." With 5G commercialization, there will be an economic effect of 12 trillion dollars in 2035 and 22 million new jobs We can expect to see the effect of creation.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.61
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• pp.59-85
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• 2019

In the reality that the boundary between the real world and the virtual world disappears with the 4th Industrial Revolution, cyber crimes that occur beyond time and space have clear limitations in fulfilling their duties only with the police force of government organizations established under the real law system. The research method of this thesis is based on the literature research and the experience of security work. The purpose of this paper is to establish a social system where collective intelligence of each social field can participate voluntarily to respond to cyber crimes occurring beyond the time and space before the law and institutionalization. In addition, the social system in which collective intelligence in each social sector can participate voluntarily was established to define crime types in cyberspace in real time and to prevent crimes defined by the people themselves and the counter-measures had been proposed in order to form social consensus. First, it is necessary to establish a collective intelligent network-type cyberpolice volunteer system. The organization consists of professors of security and security related departments at universities nationwide, retired public officials from the National Intelligence Service, the National Police Agency, and the National Emergency Management Agency, security companies and the organizations, civilian investigators, security & guard, firefighting, police, transportation, intelligence, security, national security, and research experts. Second, private sector regulation should be established newly under the Security Business Act. Third, the safety guard of the collective intelligent cyberpolice volunteer system for the stability of the people's lives should strengthen volunteer work. Fourth, research lessons and legal countermeasures against cybercrime in advanced countries should be introduced. Fifth, the Act on the Protection of Personal Information, the Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilization and Information Protection, the Act on the Utilization and Protection of Credit Information, and the Special Act on the Materials and Parts Industry should be amended. Sixth, police officers should develop cybercrime awareness skills for proactive prevention activities.