• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.87-100
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate self-efficacy, health promotion behavior intention, and health promotion behavior in middle school students. Methods: The data were collected by a questionnaire given to the students. The participants for this study were 564 students from four middle school located in Busan. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA with Scheff$\acute{e}$ test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients were used for data analysis with SPSS Win 18.0. Results: The level of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior intention was moderate. health promotion behavior was also relatively moderate. The score of health promotion behavior was affected by various general characteristics and health promotion behavior showed weakly positive correlation with self-efficacy, but there was no significant correlation between health promotion behavior intention and health promotion behavior. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicated a need to develop a nursing intervention program to promote health promotion behavior in middle school students including the promotion of self-efficacy.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting health promotion behavior among workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. This study was based on the planned behavior theory. Methods: The participants were 167 workers at high risk of metabolic syndrome. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Surveyed variables were attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: Perceived behavioral control affected the intention of health promotion behavior among the workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. It explained 62% of variance in the intention of health promotion behavior (F=40.09, p<.001). Perceived behavioral control and occupation affected health promotion behavior among the risk workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. The two factors explained 16% of variance in health promotion behavior (F=4.95, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that perceived behavioral control is the only factor affecting health promotion behavior when the theory of planned behavior was applied. Therefore, intervention programs for improving health promotion behavior should be focused on strengthening perceived behavioral control.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors affecting health promotion behaviors of upper grade elementary students. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out with 282 fifth or sixth elementary school students from two cities, Korea. Data were collected using self-administrative questionnaires containing items on health knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and health promotion behavior, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: There were significant positive correlations between health promotion behavior and health knowledge (r=.36, p<.001), attitudes (r=.41, p<.001), subjective norms (r=.36, p<.001), perceived behavior control (r=.49, p<.001). Perceived behavior control (${\beta}=.38$, p<.001), health knowledge (${\beta}=.26$, p<.001), perceived health status - good (${\beta}=.15$, p=.005) were significant factors affecting health promotion behavior and explained 31%(F=43.29, p<.001) of variance. Conclusion: Results indicate that level of health promotion behavior is appropriate and perceived behavior control is the most important factor for health promotion behavior among the predictors. These findings also suggest that it is necessary to promote perceived behavior control and health knowledge in developing health promotion intervention programs for these students, as well as a need to strengthen education on sex behavior and health, accident prevention and first aid.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.441-452
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• 2000

This study was a descriptive research to investigate the health promotion behavior and health status based on Korean adult's constitution. The subjects for the study were 96 adults who were the residents either in Seoul or Taegu city. The instruments used for this study included a survey of general characteristics, health promotion behavior and health status. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Scheffe method as post hoc test. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1) There was no significant difference on the health promotion behavior and health status by constitutions. But, in the relationship between five factors of the health promotion behavior and constitution, there was significant difference on health responsibility by constitutions(F=3.31. P=.041). According to the scheffe test, Taeumin group performed better behavior for the health promotion than soyangin group. 2) Health promotion behavior was significantly related to health status (r=-.24, P=.025), suggesting that the person with high health promotion behavior get higher health status scores. 3) In the relationship between general characteristics variables and health promotion behavior, there were significant differences in education(F=3.12, P=.031), economic status(F=4.09, P=.021), religion (F=3.12, P=.031). The level of health promotion behavior of high educated persons and high economic status persons was high. The persons who believe in Catholicism performed better behavior for the health promotion than the persons who don't get religion. Based on these results, to determining and fully understanding client's constitution are the foundations of Eum-Yang and personal character. Therefore, we have to consider the constitution when we provide nursing care. When we consider the differences of health promotion behavior according to constitution, we can provide the client with the kind of nursing care and health education to satisfy their demands.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.493-499
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• 2007

Purpose: This study focused on identifying health promotion behavior of older adults, and factors affecting this behavior. Method: The participants in this survey analysis were Koreans aged 65 or over who had the ability to communicate and could do cognitive thinking, and who consented to participate in the survey. The survey questionnaire included items on demographic characteristics, level of depression, social support, activities of daily living, self-efficacy, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using the SPSS Windows 14.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in health promotion behavior according to religion, economy and health status. Levels of depression, social support and self-efficacy had strong correlations with health promotion behavior. The factors that had the greatest effect on health promotion behavior were social support and self-efficacy. Conclusion: As social support and self-efficacy have been found to affect health promotion behavior in older adults, programs developed to enhance health of older adults should include activities to enhance both social support and self-efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.507-514
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of husband and wife compatibility and self efficacy on health promotion behavior and define the main factors influencing health promotion behavior in middle aged women. Method: Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 311 middle aged women. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, Stepwise multiple regression with SAS package were used for data analysis. Results: The mean score of husband and wife compatibility was 3.55(${\pm}.56$), self efficacy was 3.51(${\pm}.54$), and total health promotion behavior was 2.91(${\pm}.37$), with scores for subcategories as follows: interpersonal support 2.86(${\pm}.59$), self-actualization 2.74(${\pm}.56$), nutrition 2.56(${\pm}.63$), health responsibility 2.32(${\pm}.60$), stress management 2.28(${\pm}.51$), and exercise 1.87(${\pm}.74$). Husband and wife compatibility, and self efficacy were positively related to health promotion behavior and all subcategories of health promotion behavior. Also husband and wife compatibility were positively related to self efficacy. The major factors that affect health. promotion behavior in middle aged women were husband and wife compatibility, self efficacy, economic level, and religion, which explained 32.6% of health promotion behavior. Conclusion: The results indicate that health promotion behavior may be increased through interventions directed at improving the husband and wife compatibility.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.557-569
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• 2001

The purpose of the study was to test the Pender's New Health Promotion Model in order to explain and predict female workers' health promotion behavior at manufacturing plants by using latent variable structural equation model. The data were collected from 280 female workers at 8 electronic factories located at Seoul. Kyunggi. and Incheon using a structured questionnaire through interview and self-report. LISREL was used to test the model. The results are as follows: 8 out of 15 paths of the modified one from the hypothetical model of Health Promotion were statistically significant and the total variance was 40%. The relationship between the previous health behavior and the cognitive emotional factor, and the interpersonal factor. and the situational factor each. and the relationship between perceived health status and interpersonal factor, and health promotion behavior each among gamma paths were unidirectional. On the beta paths. the relationship between the interpersonal factor and the cognitive emotional factor was bi-directional: the relationships amongst the interpersonal factor and the commitment to action, and the health promotion behavior were unidirectional. But the commitment to action was not a significant mediating factor to the health promotion behavior. Pender's New Model is considered good to explain and predict the female workers' health promotion behavior. The interpersonal factor should be considered in occupational nursing practice. But the concepts of situation and commitment to action should be further validated and measured.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

This study set out to identify the factors to affect the oral health promotion behavior of elementary school students and to provide a framework to develop educational programs to promote their oral health promotion behavior. A survey was conducted to 729 fifth and sixth graders attending four elementary schools in Seoul. The variables were measured with a five-point Likert scale and include previous oral health related behaviors, perceived oral health status, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and oral health promotion behavior. First, the subjects scored relatively high 3.51 points out of 5 in oral health promotion behavior. They also scored 3.88 points in perceived benefit, 3.51 in selfesteem, 3.43 in self-efficacy, 3.28 in perceived oral health status, 2.77 in previous oral health related behaviors, and 1.79 in perceived barriers. Second, a significant difference was observed according to gender in previous oral health related behaviors and oral health promotion behavior. And a significant difference was also found according to grade in previous oral health related behaviors, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, selfesteem, self-efficacy, and oral health promotion behavior. Third, when they had an experience of visiting a dental clinic for preventive purposes, a significant difference was found according to the purposes of going to a dentist in previous oral health related behaviors, perceived benefit, and oral health promotion behavior. And fourth, multiple regression analysis was carried out with oral health promotion behavior as a dependent variable. As a result, all the research variables, which include previous oral health related behaviors, perceived oral health status, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, turned out to have significant influences on oral health promotion behavior. And their explanatory power was 49%. Conclusion: Those factors that were identified to affect the oral health promotion behavior of programs to promote their oral health.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.29-48
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• 2000

This study was designed to diagnose the correlations between health promotion behavior and primary school students' demographic characteristics and their self-concept, and also this study was aimed at representing the basic data of proper instruction method and school health program with the respective to primary school students' health promotion behavior through the above things. For this, author selected as 5th, 6th graders, 400 persons at 5 elementary schools located on Kyonggi province. This data utilized ANOVA, multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis by SPSS program. The findings of this study were as follows; First, there showed meaningful differences concerning their health promotion behavior according to students' demographic traits. There were a birth date, living standard, domestic environments etc. as a factors which influenced on their health promotion behavior. With this, from ex-past-facto verification for these variable factors, as their birth date was faster, living standard was higher, domestic environments was better, as their health promotion behavior was more promotive. Second, students' health promotion behavior marked 3.61 among total 5 paint with the respective to its fulfillment degree, their self-concept marked 3.45 among total 5 paint. Their mental health promotion behavior marked 3.71 with the respective to inferior category of health promotion behavior, which was the highest score. In the other hands, their physical health promotion behavior marked 3.71, social health promotion behavior marked 3.45. contrary the disease prevention, first-aid & safety, oral health, health & nutrition(P>.05). Third, there show meaningful difference, in the level of p-value <.001 with the respective to the correlations between primary school students' health promotion behavior and their self-concept, more their self-concept was positive, more their more their whole health promotion behavior(r=.479), the fulfillment degree of physical health promotion behavior(r=.384), mental health promotion behavior(r=.543), social health promotion behavior(r=.372) were high. Fourth, with the respective to the results of difference verification concerning their fulfillment degree of health promotion behavior according to the upper, middle, inferior group of self-concept, there showed statistically meaningful difference, in the level of p-value<.001. In the long run, more their self-concept was positive, more their whole health promotion behavior was high. With this, from the results of $Scheff\acute{e}$ verification, there showed meaning differences among the upper and middle group, upper and inferior group, middle and inferior group. Fifth, self-concept played the role as the most important prognostic factor with the respective to primary school students' health promotion behavior(23.0%), in the other hands, there showed positive weight of 24.0% concerning the fulfillment of whole health promotion behavior by domestic environments(1.0%). From the above results, primary school students' the fulfillment degree of health promotion behavior didn't reach to middle or inferior level. In the other hands, there showed positive effects in the correlations between self-concept and the fulfillment degree of health promotion behavior, and also high self-concept group was much positive considering inferior group in the fulfillment degree of health promotion behavior. Accordingly, more their self-concept was positive, more their fulfillment degree of health promotion behavior was effective. Eventually, in the future, there have to make an efforts to develope positive, substantial programs through their self-concept enhancement etc. in the adequate planning or operation for primary school students' health education and school health program.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.5
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• pp.43-70
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• 2004

This research was conducted to provide basic document on efficient health promotion behavior program that elementary school students can use from elementary school course to enhance health promotion behavior for healthy life by checking out the degree of the most influential factor for health promotion behavior about elementary school students who establish lifelong health habit, and by checking out the relation between the degree of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. The number of subjects of this research was 598. They were all elementary school students from the sixth grade students of the 5 cities of the Kyeong Nam province. We conducted questionnaires and did statistical analyses by using 592 papers which were suitable for date analyses with SPSS. The conclusions were as follows; A. The degree of self-efficacy The degree of self-efficacy of elementary school students was more than average. The degree of self-efficacy on physical activity was the highest and the degree of self-efficacy on self-fulfillment was the lowest. The degree of self-efficacy of girl students was comparatively higher than that of boy students. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest in health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. B. The degree of health promotion behavior Although the degree of health promotion behavior of elementary school students was a bit lower than the degree of self-efficacy, it was higher than average. The degree of health promotion behavior on physical activity was the highest. But the degree of health promotion behavior on health of their own was the lowest. The degree of health promotion behavior between girl students and boy students was the same. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest In health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. C. The relation between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior When the degree of self-efficacy was high, the degree of health promotion behavior was high too. So there was high positive relationship between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. Physical activity showed the highest relationship. The order of strong relationship run as follows. Relationship with others, self-fulfillment, management of stress. The higher self-efficacy which was a recognizable factor on health behavior, the higher the degree of health promotion behavior. It is being revealed that many modem chronic diseases are cause by accumulated careless attitude on harmful health habit and lack of self-control. The behavior of keeping healthy and enhancing health is more firm when they have high self-efficacy which is believing their own conviction. So, When we teach elementary school students health promotion education at school, we should try to enhance their own self-efficacy rather than just instill simple information about health. By doing so, we can help them change their attitude on health. Then, they could enjoy life-long healthy life.