• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.545-556
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• 2022

Evaluation and optimization of tunnel wall convergence (TWC) plays a vital role in preventing potential problems during tunnel construction and utilization stage. When convergence occurs at a high rate, it can lead to significant problems such as reducing the advance rate and safety, which in turn increases operating costs. In order to design an effective solution, it is important to accurately predict the degree of TWC; this can reduce the level of concern and have a positive effect on the design. With the development of soft computing methods, the use of deep learning algorithms and neural networks in tunnel construction has expanded in recent years. The current study aims to employ the long-short-term memory (LSTM) deep neural network predictor model to predict the TWC, based on 550 data points of observed parameters developed by collecting required data from different tunnelling projects. Among the data collected during the pre-construction and construction phases of the project, 80% is randomly used to train the model and the rest is used to test the model. Several loss functions including root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R²) were used to assess the performance and precision of the applied method. The results of the proposed models indicate an acceptable and reliable accuracy. In fact, the results show that the predicted values are in good agreement with the observed actual data. The proposed model can be considered for use in similar ground and tunneling conditions. It is important to note that this work has the potential to reduce the tunneling uncertainties significantly and make deep learning a valuable tool for planning tunnels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.15-30
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• 2019

Changpo Lake was created as a part of a land reclamation for refugee self-helping projects. It shows characteristics of a fresh water lake, and still retains the early appearance of reclamation that surrounding regions have not been developed into farm lands. Shallow wetland has formed around the lake, which provides great conditions for diverse lives, and surrounding earthiness is favorable for growth of vegetation and restoration of the ecosystem. However, as facilities of the Muan International Airport nearby Changpo Lake are expanding and barns are being constructed, artificialness is gradually increasing. Particularly, since pollution sources such as sport facilities, farm lands and barns are scattered around Changpo Lake, pollutants are flowing in constantly. Accordingly, the results for setting up management areas according to the spatial characteristics and creating natural ecological spaces near Changpo Lake, Taebongcheon stream and Hakgyecheon stream are as follows. First, the creation of a natural eco-friendly waterfront space should be promoted by securing the health of the aquatic ecosystem and restoring species and the ecosystem. In addition, a consultative body needs to be formed to lead local residents to participating in river investigation and monitoring, maintenance, and management through role sharing. Second, the basic direction of the spatial management plan is to keep the unique charm of Changpo Lake, maintain harmony with nature, create diverse waterfront areas, and secure the continuity of Changpo Lake and inflow streams. Moreover, the area should be divided into three zones such as a conservation zone, a restoration zone and a waterfront zone, and for each zone, the preservation of vegetation, the creation of ecological wetlands and restoration of the ecotone and ecological nature need to be promoted. Third, facilities and activity programs for each space of Changpo Lake should be operated for efficient management of protected areas. In order to suit the status of each space, biological habitats, water purification spaces, experiential and learning spaces, and convenience and rest spaces should be organized and designated as research, monitoring, education, and tourism areas. Accordingly, points of interest should be set up within the corresponding area. In this study, there are many parts that need to be supplemented for immediate implementation since the detailed plans and project costs for the promotion of programs by area are not calculated. Therefore, it is necessary to make detailed project plans and consider related projects such as water quality, restoration of habitats, nature learning and observation, and experience of ecological environments based on the categories such as research, monitoring, education and tourism in the future.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.44-61
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• 2007

The present investigation is concerned chiefly with new curriculum development at the Department of Mechanical System & Design Engineering at Hongik University with the aim of enhancing creativity, team working and communication capability which modern engineering education is emphasizing on. 'Mechanical System & Design Engineering' department equipped with new curriculum emphasizing engineering design is new name for mechanical engineering department in Hongik University. To meet radically changing environment and demands of industries toward engineering education, the department has shifted its focus from analog-based and machine-centered hard approach to digital-based and human-centered soft approach. Three new programs of Introduction to Mechanical System & Design Engineering, Creative Engineering Design and Product Design emphasize hands-on experiences through project-based team working. Sketch model and prototype making process is strongly emphasized and cardboard, poly styrene foam and foam core plate are provided as working material instead of traditional hard engineering material such as metals material because these three programs focus more on creative idea generation and dynamic communication among team members rather than the end results. With generative, visual and concrete experiences that can compensate existing engineering classes with traditional focus on analytic, mathematical and reasoning, hands-on experiences can play a significant role for engineering students to develop creative thinking and engineering sense needed to face ill-defined real-world design problems they are expected to encounter upon graduation.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.146-153
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• 2022

Purpose: In the case of domestic port facilities, port structures that have been in use for a long time have many problems in terms of safety performance and functionality due to the enlargement of ships, increased frequency of use, and the effects of natural disasters due to climate change. A big data analysis method was studied to develop an approximate model that can predict the aging pattern of a port facility based on the maintenance history data of the port facility. Method: In this study, member-level maintenance history data for caisson-type quay walls were collected, defined as big data, and based on the data, a predictive approximation model was derived to estimate the aging pattern and deterioration of the facility at the project level. A state-based aging pattern prediction model generated through Gaussian process (GP) and linear interpolation (SLPT) techniques was proposed, and models suitable for big data utilization were compared and proposed through validation. Result: As a result of examining the suitability of the proposed method, the SLPT method has RMSE of 0.9215 and 0.0648, and the predictive model applied with the SLPT method is considered suitable. Conclusion: Through this study, it is expected that the study of predicting performance degradation of big data-based facilities will become an important system in decision-making regarding maintenance.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.49-54
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• 2022

Rapid changes in modern society after the COVID-19 have highlighted artificial intelligence talent as a major influencing factor in determining national competitiveness. Accordingly, the Ministry of Education planned a large-scale SW·AI camp education project to develop the digital capabilities of 4th to 6th grade elementary school students and middle and high school students who are in a vacuum in artificial intelligence education. Therefore, this study aims to develop a camp-type SW·AI education program for students in grades 4-6 of elementary school so that students in grades 4-6 of elementary school can acquire basic knowledge in artificial intelligence. For this, the meaning of SW·AI education in elementary school is defined and SW·AI contents to be dealt with in elementary school are: understanding of SW AI, 'principle and application of SW AI', and 'social impact of SW AI' was set. In addition, an attempt was made to link the set elements of elementary school SW AI education and learning with related subjects and units of textbooks currently used in elementary schools. As for the program used for education, entry, a software coding learning tool based on block coding, is designed to strengthen software programming basic competency, and all programs are designed to be operated centered on experience and experience-oriented participants in consideration of the developmental characteristics of elementary school students. In order for SW·AI education to be organized and operated as a member of the regular curriculum, it is suggested that research based on the analysis of regular curriculum contents and in-depth analysis of SW·AI education contents is necessary.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Learning C programming language in electronics education is an important basic education course for understanding computer programming and acquiring the ability to use microprocessors in embedded systems. In order to focus on understanding basic grammar and algorithms, it is a common teaching method to write programs based on C standard library functions in the console window and learn theory and practice in parallel. However, if a student wants to start a project activity or go to a deeper stage after acquiring some basic knowledge of the C language, using only the C standard library function in the console window limits what a student can express or control with the C program. For the purpose of making it easier for a student to use graphics or multimedia resources and increase educational value, this paper studies a case of applying Simple DirectMedia Layer (SDL), an open source software, into the C programming language learning process. The SDL-based programming course applied after completing the basic programming curriculum performed in the console window is introduced, and the educational value is evaluated through a survey. As a result, more than 56% of the respondents expressed positive opinions in terms of improved application ability, stimulating interest, and overall usefulness, and less than 4% of them had negative opinions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual condition of real certification schools of environment-friendly architecture per ecological environment elements through extracting ecological environment elements which is possible to analyze in quantity certification standards of environment friendly architecture. As the method of this study, firstly, certification as an examination on certification system of environment-friendly architecture, summary of certification system of environment-friendly architecture and eco-school pilot model project, ecological environment elements which is possible for quantitative analysis of ecological environment certification standards were extracted. Secondly, actual condition of ecological environment elements per school grade by collecting actual data of certification schools environment-friendly architecture were analyzed. The average of ecological area ratio was 24.5 percent in case of this certification regardless of school grade and region and it was analyzed that the natural based green area ratio was 22.9 percent, bio-tope area ratio was 0.60 percent and ecological learning places area ratio was 0.39 percent.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.399-417
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the adaptability of U.S. multiple-choice items to measure Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT) in Korea. For this purpose, the authors selected the number and operations form B which was developed by Learning Mathematics for Teaching (LMT) project at the University of Michigan and then adapted items in terms of general cultural context, school cultural context, mathematical substances, and language in Korea. The survey was administrated to 77 Korean in-service teachers who had more than three years of teaching experiences. Based on the survey, the authors compared the data to that of U.S. teachers who had participated California's Mathematics Professional Development Institute. As a result, the survey measures less knowledge Korean teachers than more knowledgable Korean teachers and there are strong correlations of relative item difficulties between Korean teachers and U.S. teachers for both Content Knowledge (CK) items and Knowledge of Content and Students (KCS) items. This study implies the future direction for developing items to measure teacher knowledge as well as designing effective teacher education programs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual condition of certification schools of environment-friendly architecture and general school per ecological environment elements through extracting ecological environment elements which is possible to analyze in quantity certification standards of environment-friendly architecture. As the method of the study, first, certification as an examination on certification system of environment-friendly architecture, summary of certification system of environment-friendly architecture and eco-school pilot model project in japan, ecological environment elements which is possible for quantitative analysis of ecological environment certification standards were extracted. Second, actual condition of ecological environment elements per school grade(middle school of environment-friendly architecture and general middle school) by collecting actual data of certification schools environment friendly architecture were analyzed and the results are as the follows. The average of ecological area ratio was 28.3 percent in case of this certification regardless of school grade and region and it was analyzed that the natural based green area ratio was 26.5 percent, bio-tope area ratio was 0.4 percent and ecological learning places area ratio was 0.45 percent.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.223-228
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• 2014

In this paper, a curriculum-based electronic design project with a improved training kit is discussed. Students can raise the practical ability for comprehension and analysis of electronic circuits by the design and assembly of electronic components and measurement practice and learning the process closely. The products of this paper can be utilized as hands-on training for increasing confidence in the improving education for creative practical electronic design ability.