• 한국포장학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2005

This paper introduces the current status of total overseas packaging industries. The total market of the world packaging industry reached over 500 billion dollars in 2002. The top nations for the packaging industry were U.S. at about 27 percent, the countries of Western Europe at about 27%, Japan at about 14%. In terms of packaging materials, the overall market rate for paper, plastics, and metal parts in world packaging industry was 84%. Also, the market rate of glass, packaging machine, and others was only 5-6%. Among EU nations, Germany showed largest packaging consumption of 23 percent in 2000, and consumed about 17,125,814 ton of packaging materials yearly. For paper and paperboard cartons, the percentage used for the packaging consumption was about 39.4%. The consumption rate of plastic and glass packaging was approximately 14.6% and 23.7% respectively. For metal packaging the consumption rate was about 5.9%. In Japan, the production rate of packaging materials was decreased slowly at paper, metal, glass, and wood areas, but plastic packaging showed a constant rate of growth. In China, total production of packaging industry amounted to about 33.7 billion in 2003. The paper packaging in china was a remarkable production rate of 32%. The production rate of plastic and printing packaging was 28% and 20% respectively. The rate of packaging industry for printing in China was much higher than that in other countries.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.192-195
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• 2002

Effect of aeration rate and agitation speed on cell growth and the production of heteropolysaccharide-7 (PS-7) by Beijerinckia indica was investigated. Aeration rate and agitation speed in a 7L bioreactor ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 vvm and from 300 to 500 rpm, respectively. Higher agitation speed with an aeration rate of 0.5 vvm in the bioreactor resulted in maintenance of higher concentration of dissolved oxygen in the medium, which enhanced the production of PS-7. In this study with a 7L bioreactor, maximal production of PS-7 was 11.0 g/L and its conversion rate from 2% (w/v) glucose was 0.55 when the aeration rate and agitation speed were 1.0 vvm and 500 rpm, respectively. Proper aeration rate and agitation speed might enhance the production of PS-7 as well as reduce the time to reach maximal production.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.116-127
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• 2009

본 연구는 스틸 파이프 생산의 과거 이력을 분석하여 주요 특성별 높은 수율을 갖는 제품을 선별하고 각 공정별 최소 불량률을 가진 제품 모델을 구현함으로써 제품 생산의 효율성을 제고하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 주문을 통해 생산되는 각종 스틸 파이프 제품들의 특성을 비교 및 분석하여 어떠한 특성을 가지는 제품들이 가장 높은 수율을 창출해내고 적은 불량을 발생시키는지 의사결정트리 데이터마이닝 기법을 적용하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과로부터 중소구경이 많은 ERW 스틸 파이프는 기호에 의해, 그 외 주로 대구경 범위인 롤벤더, 스파이럴 스틸 파이프 경우에는 외경 범위에 따라 수율과 불량률이 분류되고 있다는 사실을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 주요 특성별 수율과 불량률이 어떠한 형태를 나타내는지 수치적으로 분류 및 구체화하여 그 영향정도를 구분하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.478-482
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• 1993

LSM을 이용하여 KA112 균주의 고농도 배양을 시도하였다. Separator로는 hollow fiber를 사용하였고 reactor로는 Celligen을 이용하였다. Wroking volume 1리터로 10일간 배양하여 최고 세포농도가 회분식 배양에 비하여 10배 이상 증가한 $2.1\times10^7$ cells/ml이었고, 항체의 농도는 4.5배 정도 높았다. 최고 feed rate에서 항체생산속도는 회분식 배양보 다 9배 높았으며 배양 중 glucose농도가 Ig/e 이상일 때 specific productivity가 증가하였고, 1 g/6 이하얼 때 세포성장은 영향을 받지 않으냐 spe­c cific prodictivity는 감소하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of salts on the production of erythritol by Torula sp., cells were grown on the media containing various concentrations of KCl or NaCl. Cell growth and glucose consumption rates decreased when KCl or NaCl concentration increased from 0.0 to 0.5M. The production of erythritol, however, was maximal at 0.3M aCl. The erythritol concentration of 54.3g/l in the medium containing 0.3M NaCl and 200g/l glucose was obtained after 120h. The production of erythritol decreased in cultures above 0.3M NaCl or 0.4M KCl due to the inhibition of cell growth. To elucidate the effect of salts more quantitatively, KCl and NaCl concentrations were converted to osmotic pressure. As the osmotic pressure increased, the yield of erythritol from glucose increased regardless of the kinds of salts and the yield of erythritol was approximately 49% at the osmolality of 2.4Os/kg. When the osmotic pressure increased to 2.5Os/kg, the specific growth rate of cells decreased but the production rate of erythritol increased. For the effective production of erythritol, osmotic pressure must be adjusted not to inhibit markedly the growth rate of cells and to stimulate the production rate of erythritol by supplementing salt.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2009

Dust in the fabric production sites is increased by the static electricity in air which is generated in the manufacturing process. The static electricity is shown in inverse proportion to humidity of the production sites. The optimum humidity rate for the filament in the production process has been established as 65~75%. Where as, average humidity rate of production site is estimated as 40%. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the humidity rate by 30% to maintain appropriate humidity to control generation of static electricity and dust in the production sites. In this study, a new air-jet water sprayer was developed and it can produce $10{\mu}m$ sprayed particles. When the air-jet water sprayer was operated on the production site dust generation rate was shown far below the environmental standard. It is assumed that when the air jet sprayers was applied to 1,000 fabric machines of 5 gloves making plants, its productivity and rates of operation will be improved by value of about 2.5 billion Won a year.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1693-1702
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• 2009

Economic values of 14 production and functional traits for two Slovak dairy sheep breeds (Improved Valachian and Tsigai) were calculated. Semi-extensive production systems with one lambing per year were simulated using a bio-economic deterministic computer model. The marginal economic value of a trait was defined as the partial derivative of the profit function with respect to that trait. The relative economic value expressed the percentage proportion of standardized economic value (marginal economic value${\times}$genetic standard deviation) of a trait in the sum of the absolute values of the standardized economic values over all traits. Milk yield was of highest relative importance (26% and 32% in Improved Valachian and Tsigai) followed by productive lifetime and conception rate of ewes (16% and 15% in Improved Valachian and Tsigai, in both traits). Conception rate of female lambs and litter size had nearly the same relative economic importance in both breeds (9% to 11%). Survival rate of lambs at lambing and till weaning reached slightly lower economic values (4% to 7%). The economic importance of all remaining traits was less than 4%.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Learning rate is generally applied to estimate an appropriate production labor cost. Learning effect is obtained from repetitive work during the production period under 3 assumptions ; homogeneous production, same producer, quantity measure in continuous unit. However, production breaks occur frequently in Korean defense industry environment because of budget constraint and annual requirements. In this case previous learning effect can not be applied due to learning loss. This paper proposed the application of learning rate when a production break occurs in Korea defense industry. To obtain a learning loss, we surveyed various learning loss factors for different production breaks(6, 12, 18 months) from 4 defense industry companies. Then, we estimate the first unit labor hours in re-production phase after production break using Anderlohr method and Retrograde method with the result of the survey. This work is the first attempt to show a method which defines and evaluates the learning loss factors in Korean defense industry environment.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1792-1800
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• 2016

This study is aimed to analyze the profitability of flatfish fry production farms in the Republic of Korea. The continuous and stable production of flatfish fries is one of important factors that increases the possibility of flatfish aquaculture's success. It is also the basis of aquaculture industry that estimates the quantity and quality of fishery products from aquaculture. Based on the surveyed data, production values and costs of flatfish fry production are estimated and compared to determine the profitability of flatfish fry production by farm. Results show that average return on sales of farms is 21.2%(12.4~26.3%), indicating that flatfish fry production would be profitable under the current production and market conditions. Sensitivity analyses of main variables (survival rate and selling price) indicate that the profitability of flatfish fry production farms can be significantly decreased when the survival rate and selling price would be slightly decreased.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.655-662
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• 2009

원통형 여과장치의 실규모 설계 및 운전에 필요한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 산출유량을 단계적으로 증가시키는 파일럿 실험을 수행하면서 수질지표들과 폐색도 진행을 조사하였다. 유량을 0.8 L/min에서 2.4 L/min로 증가시키는 경우 BOD, SS, 그리고 탁도의 제거율은 각각 약 80%, 95% 이상, 그리고 90% 이상으로 거의 일정하게 유지되었으나 COD 제거율은 44%에서 29%로 감소하였다. 산출유량이 증가할수록 오염물 단위농도를 제거하는데 소요되는 체류시간은 감소하였으며, 1 mg-COD/L를 제거하는데 필요한 체류시간은 산출유량 0.8 L/min인 경우 83분이었고 2.4 L/min에서는 45분이어서 양수율이 낮은 것보다는 높은 것이 호소의 오염제거에 더 유리함을 알 수 있었다. 여과장치의 폐색은 표층에서 집수관쪽으로 진행하며, 산출유량이 증가하면 폐색도도 증가하지만 2년 이상의 운전에도 폐색이 문제되지는 않아 본 장치가 호소의 수질개선에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.