• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 2009

Phytochemical investigation of Metasequoia glyptostroboids leaves resulted in the isolation of ten compounds. The structures were determined to be isoquercitrin (1), quercitrin (2), myricitrin (3), amentoflavone (4), sciadopitysin (5), isoginkgetin (6), 2,3-dihydrosciadopitysin (7), 2,3-dihydroisoginkgetin (8), $3{\beta}$-acetoxy-8(17),13E-labdadien-15-oic acid (9) and $\beta$-sitosterol (10) by spectroscopic analyses. Isoquercitrin (1) was isolated from this plant for the first time.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.71-91
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the major determinants of performance of the R&D alliances, with an aim toward raising the success rate in cooperative relationships. In particular, this study assesses whether the success factors of purchasing relationship identified in the literature apply equally to SMEs in Korea. The results of this study indicate that inter-firm cooperation, experienced cooperation, and efficiency of government support have positive impacts on the purchase rate of new products. On the other hand, R&D intensity and resources of competencies of the firm do not influence it. Additionally, market attractiveness does not moderate the effects of the five independent variables on the purchase. The extracted determinants according to the results of surveys give valuable and practical hints to the SMEs when they make a decision on their R&D alliances with large enterprises.

• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 2021

The quality of products produced by injection molding process is greatly influenced by the process variables set on the injection molding machine during manufacturing. It is very difficult to predict the quality of injection molded product considering the stochastic nature of manufacturing process, because the process variables complexly affect the quality of the injection molded product. In the present study we predicted the quality of injection molded product using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method specifically from Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) perspectives. In order to train the ANN model a systematic plan was prepared based on a combination of orthogonal sampling and random sampling methods to represent various and robust patterns with small number of experiments. According to the plan the injection molding experiments were conducted to generate data that was separated into training, validation and test data groups to optimize the parameters of the ANN model and evaluate predicting performance of 4 structures (MISO1-2, MIMO1-2). Based on the predicting performance test, it was confirmed that as the number of output variables were decreased, the predicting performance was improved. The results indicated that it is effective to use single output model when we need to predict the quality of injection molded product with high accuracy.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.133-137
• /
• 2003

Cells respond to an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by increasing transcription of genes encoding molecular chaperones and folding enzymes. The information is transmitted from the ER lumen to the nucleus by intracellular signaling pathway, called the unfolded protein response (UPR). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such induction is mediated by the cis-acting unfolded response element (UPRE) which has been thought to be recognized by Hac1p transcription factor. We cloned the ATFC gene showing similarity with Hac1p, and then examined to determine whether ATFC gene product specifically binds to UPRE by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. ATFC gene product displayed appreciable binding ${to ^{32}}P-labelled$ UPRE. Therefore, we concluded that ATFC represents a major component of the putative transcription factor responsible for the UPR leading to the induction of ER-localized stress proteins.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.389-394
• /
• 2019

When conducting risk assessments of cosmetic ingredients, it is important that reliable exposure information is obtained for cosmetic products. As cosmetics are becoming more diverse, continuous effort must be made to obtain exposure data that reflect their growth and usage trends. The usage pattern of cosmetics, such as the application area and amount used, may differ by product type and also by country. We conducted a survey to compare the amount of sun spray and sun cream used in a usage environment in South Korea. The study was conducted on Haeundae Beach, one of the most popular beaches in South Korea. A total of 1,255 beachgoers participated in this study; 604 and 651 participants used the sun spray and sun cream, respectively, while sunbathing and enjoying water activities on the beach for one day. Exposure was analyzed following a probabilistic method. On comparing all subjects, it was found that the group that used sun spray (mean: 44.52 g/day) used significantly more product (p = 0.000) than those who used sun cream (mean: 20.51 g/day). By analyzing the daily exposure of sun spray and sun cream per unit body weight according to age and gender, the exposure amount of sun spray and sun cream was found to be highest among 2~9 year-old girls (mean for sun spray: 2.51 g/kg/day, p95: 5.50 g/kg/day, mean for sun cream: 0.79 g/kg/day, p95: 1.79 g/kg/day). The amount of sun spray used is approximately twice that of sun cream. Among both the sun spray and sun cream groups, the exposure amount per unit body weight was highest in girls younger than 10. These factors should be considered when conducting risk assessments of sun spray and sun cream.

• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 2018

With the recent strengthening of environmental regulations and the need for cost reduction, excavators, a type of construction equipment, are being miniaturized while components are being developed in consideration of stability. In the case of excavator press parts, mainly high-strength steel sheets are being used to enhance stability and reduce weight. However, in the case of high-strength materials, there is a need to research product forming methods to reduce Springback in defects arising in parts assembly due to Springback that result from the internal residual stress that occurs in press forming being released after product forming. Accordingly, regarding the tank cover, an excavator press-forming part, this study selected a method to reduce distortion through analysis of the Springback occurrence rate and Springback causes through a forming analysis. A forming analysis was conducted for the Springback of the tank cover. Deformations of 13.714 mm in the upper part and 6.244 mm in the inner part of the product occurred, while wrinkles occurred on the sides of the product due to uneven thickness. A forming analysis was conducted for the major shapes of the product to investigate the causes of Springback. Distortion deformation due to the bead in the center of the product was confirmed to be a large factor. A Springback reduction method of correcting uneven thickness in the product sides, a Springback reduction method of removing the bead, and a correction method of restriking after the final forming were used in a forming analysis to determine the degree of Springback reduction. For the forming method to correct uneven thickness in the sides, deformation was reduced by 12% in the upper side compared to the existing model, but deformation in the inner side increased by 1%. For the restriking forming method, deformation decreased by 25% in the upper side and 13% in the inner side. For the bead removal method, deformation decreased by 28% in the upper side and 13% in the inner side, the largest Springback correction results. This indicates that the bead has a large affect on Springback.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.190-194
• /
• 2004

The gene product of dctD (DctD) activates transcription from the dctA promoter regulatory region by the $\sigma^{54}$ -holoenzyme form ofRNA polymerase ($E\sigma^{54}$ ) in Rhizobium meliloti and R. leguminosarum. The Escherichia coli integration host factor (IHF) stimulated DctD-mediated activation from the dctA promoter regulatory region of R. leguminosarum but not R. meliloti. In the absence of UAS, IHF inhibited DctD-mediated activation from both of these promoter regulatory regions. IHF also inhibited activation from R. leguminosarum dctA by nitrogen regulatory protein C (NtrC), another activator of $E\sigma^{54}$ but not by one which lacks a specific binding site in this promoter regulatory region. IHF, however, stimulated NtrC-mediated activation from the R. meliloti dctA promoter. Upon removal of the UAS, IHF inhibited NtrC-mediated transcription activation from the R. meliloti dctA promoter regulatory region. These data suggest that IHF likely faciliates productive contacts between the activators NtrC or DctD and $E\sigma^{54}$ to stimulate activation from dctA promoter.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.156-172
• /
• 2007

The high-tech industry is the economic lifeline for Taiwan. Its characteristics are short product life cycle, rapid changes in the market, and a high obsolescence rate for new products. Under globalization, the high-tech industry has adopted Information Technology (IT) to shorten the manufacturing process, reduce costs and conduct product research and development (R&D) to increase the core competence of enterprises and achieve the goal of sustainable operations. Enterprises should actively strengthen their integration with internal and external resources and lead in R&D management to increase industrial operating performance. Effectively managing operations and R&D management evaluation in Taiwan's High-tech Industry has become a critical subject. This study adopted 4 major Balanced Scorecard (BSC) perspectives to establish the Total Performance Evaluation Indicators for the R&D management department in Taiwan's High-tech Industry. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) was applied to evaluate the overall performance of the R&D management department. The research framework is divided into 2 phases. The first phase is combined with the 4 major perspectives, Financial, Customer, Internal Business Process and Learning and Growth, as the related indicators for each measurement perspective. The Key Performance Indicators (KPI) were selected using Factor Analysis to identify the key factor from the complicated indicators. The relationship between the characteristics of each BSC's evaluation perspective is dependence and feedback. This study applied ANP to conduct the calculation and adjustment of correlation between each KPI, and determine on their relative weights for the objective KPI. The "Financial Perspective" for R&D management department in Taiwan's High-tech Industry focused on the budget achievement rate of R&D management. The weight indicator value is (0.05863). The "Customer Perspective" focused on problem-solving satisfaction. The weight value of this indicator is (0.17549). The "Internal Business Process Perspective" focused on the quantity and quality of R&D. The weight value of this indicator is (0.13506). The "Learning and Growth Perspective" focused on improving competence in the research personnel's professional techniques. The weight value of this indicator is (0.02789). From the total weighting indicators, the order of the Performance Indicators for the R&D management department in Taiwan's High-tech Industry is: (1) Customer Perspective; (2) Internal Business Process Perspective; (3) Financial Perspective; and (4) Learning and Growth Perspective.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.175-191
• /
• 2016

This paper investigates changing processes of new product development (NPD) systems. In order to continuously develop first-class products, world wide super-class products and hit products, R&D (Research & Development) must be competitive. Firms must achieve competitiveness in terms of quality and cost by launching new products. Most films focus on improving effectiveness and efficiency of NPD process. However, sometimes, they face to the critical challenge of transforming NPD processes entirely reflecting dramatic change of their core products. Transforming of NPD process is difficult in that it involves technological and organizational changes in marketing, R&D, Engineering and manufacturing systems. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on processes and factors affecting successful transformation of new product development systems. We present a case study on the changing processes of S company's NPD process. S company has changed new product development systems successfully from a major IT equipment supplier to an automotive supplier. Empirical results show successful changes of 10 core NPD processes from understanding the market and customers process to after sales process. In case of transformation of NPD, adaption of attribute of business is crucial for success factors in the process innovation. This paper shows the bridging the gap between IT and automotive industrial dynamics and growth through adaption of two processes in the NPD.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2018

Hydrogen energy has been attracting attention as an alternative energy source for petroleum and stoneware. In addition, the benefits of hydrogen energy, such as no dust, abundant energy source and no ecological impact, were to compare favorably with other renewable energy sources. However, unclear product development standards and usage of hydrogen energy increase the risk of accidents in hydrogen energy related product lines. And, the high energy level of hydrogen has implications for large social problems in the event of an accident. Therefore, this study suggests the standardization method of fast hydrogen energy to help secure the safe market of hydrogen energy related products, which are mostly developed new products.