• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1571-1576
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• 2014

Nutritive values of green and black tea by-products and anti-nutritive activity of their tannins were evaluated in an in vitro rumen fermentation using various molecular weights of polyethylene glycols (PEG), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl polypyrrolidone as tannin-binding agents. Significant improvement in gas production by addition of PEG4000, 6000 and 20000 and PVP was observed only from black tea by-product, but not from green tea by-product. All tannin binding agents increased $NH_3$-N concentration from both green and black tea by-products in the fermentation medium, and the PEG6000 and 20000 showed relatively higher improvement in the $NH_3$-N concentration. The PEG6000 and 20000 also improved in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy contents of both tea by-products. It was concluded that high molecular PEG would be suitable to assess the suppressive activity of tannins in tea by-products by in vitro fermentation. Higher responses to gas production and $NH_3$-N concentration from black tea by-product than green tea by-product due to PEG indicate that tannins in black tea by-product could suppress rumen fermentation more strongly than that in green tea by-product.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to interpret the artistic nature of fashion from the point of view of George Dickie's Institutional theory of art, which defined art from a sociological context. Five notions to formulate the institutional definition of art were regarding the artist, work of art, public, artworld, and artworld system. These notions were applied to the fashion world, and they deduced the definitions of a fashion designer, a fashion product, a fashion consumer, and the fashion system, which indicated fashion's social status in the art system. Firstly, a fashion designer plays a collective role in the product with an understanding of the consumers, professional knowledge of the design, and knowledge of making images of fashion products. Secondly, a fashion product involves artifactuality in the form of clothes created by collaboration among producers and it is transformed into fashion by collective activity of distributors and consumers. Thirdly, a consumer is a set of people who play a leading role in the assessment and consumption of the fashion product, allow the fashion designer to read his or her taste and reflect it in the fashion product although they are not directly involved in its production. Fourthly, a fashion system is a social framework for the presentation of a fashion product by a fashion designer to a consumer, and a social institution which enables clothes to transform into fashion through design, production, display, distribution, and sales. As a result, fashion is defined as an artifact in the form of clothes created by a fashion designer and presented to a consumer by the fashion system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.973-983
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• 2016

It's been almost 6 years since PIA was implemented based on legislation. So I analyzed problems of PIA from the perspective of ITSM 3 elements. I mainly took account of quality improvement of the report when I assessed systems processing personal informations. So, I propose in terms of logical validity improvement of assessment report. The improvements on 4 different outputs for each phase are many cases that I assessed systems processing personal informations. And I propose improvements on qualified assessors having capability of GRC and on process for managing the assessment system. To settle down PIA system as the reasonable and effective assessment system even after 2016, the statutory deadline for completion of PIA, assessors and appointed assessment firms and authorities should cooperate to complete the assessment system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.8 no.6 s.31
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• pp.520-524
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• 2005

It is consequential to reduce the environmental impact of a product for sustainable development in 21st Century. In the field of transportation, especially, the technological market concerned about reduction and assessment of greenhouse gas emission is expected to be extended. The LCA gas been esteemed and utilized as a realistic alternative greenhouse gas emission is expected to be extended. The LCA has been esteemed and utilized as a realistic alternative to improve the environment by the assessment of environmental impacts. In this study, simplified life cycle assessment(S-LCA), was performed to analyze the environmental impacts quantitatively, which were produced through the life cycle of a electric motor unit(EMU). The object of the present work is rth investigate main parameters of environmental impacts and to establish the plans to improve the environment impact of EMU. As a result of quantitative assessment for environmental impact and manufacturing, the EMU carbody made of SUS showed acidification(AD) and marine water aquatic ecotoxicity(MAET) the most, while that made of Mild showed high impact of global warning(GW) and abiotic resources depletion(ARD). For the SUS EMU, the high AD and MAET impact is occurred by the discharged pollutants during acid-washing process. Also, high value of GW and ARD for Mild EMU is resulted from the consumption of iron ore, coal and crude oil during manufacturing. Therefore, the environment impact of carbody would be decreased by enhancing of energy efficiency and the lightening the weight of it.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2001

In order to sustain competitive advantage through strategic product differentiation in global market, this research aims to establishment of strategic design conditions for domestic manufacturing firms through the means of product image alignment and positioning, using visual character of product as the foundation for establishing corporate image. Case studies on how globally successful multinational companies manage design strategy and corporate culture uniformly for coherent product image management are reviewed. To establish product image alignment methodology for manufacturing firms, the criteria for product image positioning and aligned product image development process are developed in three stages. First, in image positioning stage, it is important to set the direction for corporate image and design strategy by identifying consumer needs through market trends analysis and forecasting as well as comparative positioning of the analysis results of the firms's own corporate image and that of the competitor's. Second, in awareness building stage, before building the product image alignment, firm-wide shared awareness of differentiated corporate and product image, establishment of designer's role as the consolidated manager of product image, sharing form language, and building the infrastructure for defining form information should be preceded. Third, in managing the aligned product image stage, the condition for setting up image information management guideline, management of decision making process for arriving at logical decisions on product form, development of guideline for increasing efficiency and its evaluation system, and co-development of related design should be induced. Further research on the product image alignment with corporate image should be conducted through various empirical studies on image and form, building an information system of related design language, and continuous assessment and management of applied solutions.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2002

More efforts have been given to solve the problems related to computer software by process assessment. ISO/IEC 15504(SPICE) has been developed as standardized means for process assessment. The purpose of this paper is to design and implement a process assessment system which is appropriated to the Korean assessment environment based on ISO/IEC 15504. Referring documents are: IS0/1EC 15504 standardized documents, the assessment provisions of the SPICE committee in Korea, and research papers applied the existing process assessment system to real cases. Among a lot of processes, this system is designed for (ENG2). The proposed system in the paper will support the whole process of assessment, presenting the goals and end-products for each assessment step and making it possible to compose and save the product on the same screen. In determining process rating, assessors can retrieve the saved data and documents. By doing so, the system will improve reliability in process rating. The proposed system includes 7 steps of pre-assessment and 9 steps of actual assessment in order to fully prepare assessors for process assessment. And each step has been standardized to improve user-friendliness. This system is designed to provide assessors with specific details of standardized documents, the goals of the process, outcomes of implementing the process, and presentations of base practices and input/output products. Above all, the system automatically generates an assessment rating, by calculating based on input data which assessors make out. It also presents outcomes graphically.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.197-210
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• 2020

The smart speaker includes an AI assistant function in the existing portable speaker, which enables a person to give various commands using a voice and provides various offline services associated with control of a connected device. The speed of domestic distribution is also increasing, and the functions and linked services available through smart speakers are expanding to shopping and food orders. Through text mining-based customer review analysis, there have been many proposals for identifying the impact on customer attitudes, sentiment analysis, and product evaluation of product functions and attributes. Emotional investigation has been performed by extracting words corresponding to characteristics or features from product reviews and analyzing the impact on assessment. After obtaining the topic from the review, the effect on the evaluation was analyzed. And the market competition of similar products was visualized. Also, a study was conducted to analyze the reviews of smart speaker users through text mining and to identify the main attributes, emotional sensitivity analysis, and the effects of artificial intelligence attributes on product satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to collect blog posts about the user's experiences of smart speakers released in Korea and to analyze the attitudes of customers according to their attributes. Through this, customers' attitudes can be identified and visualized by each smart speaker product, and the positioning map of the product was derived based on customer recognition of smart speaker products by collecting the information identified by each property.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

In the case of manufacturing companies, various types of data are collected. Many of these data can be used as useful information for product reliability evaluation. In this study, we first look at data that can be collected by a manufacturing company and related to products, technology, finance, and customers. Next, we will look at the company's business management system, scientific journals, test and marketing survey data, etc., as sources of data. Next, look at what kind of data is collected over the product life cycle to evaluate the reliability of the product. In the development stage of the product, reliability test is performed for each component, and reliability data is collected by performing reliability test at the subsystem and system level. On the other hand, at the manufacturing stage, data on the functional test and the design change test of the product are collected, and at the field stage, the problem of the product is detected in the field and collected in the form of data. Finally, let's look at what you need to do to make a reasonable analysis later in your data collection.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Bioavailability enhancement by solubilization of lipophilic drugs in nano-emulsion has been reported and it may be useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. This study was performed to compare in vivo bioavailability of nano-emulsion formulation with that of the general product as control. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics assessment of Vitamin A, D and E complex of nanoemulsion formulation (LaVita), in comparison to the general product, was performed in the male rat plasma by a single oral dose at 20 mL/kg body weight (n=3/group). For nano-emulsion formulation (LaVita), $C_{max}$ of vitamin A and E in plasma were much higher and the area under the curve (AUC) of vitamin A, D and E were 14-63% higher, and the half-life of vitamin E was 2-fold longer than the general product. According to statistical analysis, each $C_{max}$ of vitamin A, D & E was significantly higher (p<0.01, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) than that of general product. Half-life of vitamin A was significantly higher (p<0.01) and AUC of vitamin A and D were also significantly higher than the general product. CONCLUSION(s): Considering significant increment of $C_{max}$ and AUC, LaVita made of nano-emulsion could be more effective the absorption rate and extent for bioavailability of vitamin A, D & E than those of general product.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.11-25
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• 2015

The accident at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011, caused by an earthquake and a subsequent tsunami, resulted in a failure of the power systems that are needed to cool the reactors at the plant. The accident progression in the absence of heat removal systems caused Units 1-3 to undergo fuel melting. Containment pressurization and hydrogen explosions ultimately resulted in the escape of radioactivity from reactor containments into the atmosphere and ocean. Problems in containment venting operation, leakage from primary containment boundary to the reactor building, improper functioning of standby gas treatment system (SGTS), unmitigated hydrogen accumulation in the reactor building were identified as some of the reasons those added-up in the severity of the accident. The Fukushima accident not only initiated worldwide demand for installation of adequate control and mitigation measures to minimize the potential source term to the environment but also advocated assessment of the existing mitigation systems performance behavior under a wide range of postulated accident scenarios. The uncertainty in estimating the released fraction of the radionuclides due to the Fukushima accident also underlined the need for comprehensive understanding of fission product behavior as a function of the thermal hydraulic conditions and the type of gaseous, aqueous, and solid materials available for interaction, e.g., gas components, decontamination paint, aerosols, and water pools. In the light of the Fukushima accident, additional experimental needs identified for hydrogen and fission product issues need to be investigated in an integrated and optimized way. Additionally, as more and more passive safety systems, such as passive autocatalytic recombiners and filtered containment venting systems are being retrofitted in current reactors and also planned for future reactors, identified hydrogen and fission product issues will need to be coupled with the operation of passive safety systems in phenomena oriented and coupled effects experiments. In the present paper, potential hydrogen and fission product issues raised by the Fukushima accident are discussed. The discussion focuses on hydrogen and fission product behavior inside nuclear power plant containments under severe accident conditions. The relevant experimental investigations conducted in the technical scale containment THAI (thermal hydraulics, hydrogen, aerosols, and iodine) test facility (9.2 m high, 3.2 m in diameter, and $60m^3$ volume) are discussed in the light of the Fukushima accident.