• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2012

Street trees are one of useful urban facilities that reduce carbon dioxide and provide green space in urban areas. They are usually managed by local government, and it is effective to use aerial LIDAR data in order to acquire information such as the location, height and crown width of street tree systematically. In this research, algorithm was proposed that improves the accuracy of extracting top points of street trees and separates the region of individual street trees from aerial LIDAR data. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, a simulated aerial LIDAR data that exactly knows the number, height and crown width of street trees was created. As for the procedure of data processing, filtering that separates ground and non-ground points from LIDAR data was first conducted in order to separate the region of individual street trees. An estimated non-street tree points were then removed from non-ground points, and the top points of street trees were estimated. Region of individual street trees was determined by using the intersecting point of straight line that connects top point and ground point of street tree. Through the experiment by using simulated data, it was possible to refine wrongly estimated points occurred by determining tree tops and to determine the positional information, height, crown width of street trees through the determination of region of street trees.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1968

For the effective control of Syphilis, many investigators have developed a more rapid, simple and economical screening serological test which is adequately sensitive and specific. To fulfill the requirements of a more rapid serologic test for syphlis, a substitute for the conventional serum specimen was needed since considerable time and labor are involved in the processing of blood to serum. Burdon suggested the use of plasma in the serologic tests for syphilis as a substitute for serum. He noticed that plasma was more sensitive than serum in the Kline and Kahn tests, and attributed this to the presence of more antibody-like substance, "reagin" in plasma than in serum. However, to make plasma sufficiently sensitive, it was necessary to inactivate plasma by heating at a temperature of $56^{\circ}C$ for about 30 minutes. Heating of plasma resulted in the precipitation of fibrinogen which made centrifugation necessary to obtain dear plasma. Since the chief disadvantage to the use of unheated plasma(or serum) was a reduction in sensitivity of results-which probably was due to a labile factor such as complement-Portnoy et al began to consider rapid chemical methods of inactivation of plasma(or serum). They experienced that choline chloirde was shown to be anticomplementary which suggested its use as an inactivating agent for unheated plasma(or serum). In 1959 Portnoy et al reported the Rapid Plasma Reagin(RPR) Test for syphilis which is a more rapid, economical and simple. But still this test has many disadvantages as a rapid performing, field and office procedure, because it requires the usual laboratory equipments such as centrifuge, rotating machine, microscope etc. To substitute these disadvantages of the RPR test, in 1962, Portnoy et al developed the Rapid Plasma Reagin(RPR) card test for syphilis, which has the following advantages: a) Simplicity and rapidity of performance, b) Requires no laboratory equipments, c) Stable antigen suspension, d) Adequate sensitivity and specificity. This RPR card test can be used as a rapidly performing and screening test in field investigation, outpatient clinics, small laboratories and hospitals doing limited syphilis serology, and predonor in blood bank. Private clinic which has limited laboratory equipment and technic for syphilis serology can also use this RPR card test as a tool in the rapid diagnosis of syphilis. It was thought that this RPR card test is a useful tool in Korea for private physician and mass survey for syphilis diagnosis. But Portnoy patented the reagents needed for the performing the RPR card test. Therefore authors developed newly the reagents and according to Portnoy's method evaluated the newly developed. RPR card test compared with the VDRL, Kolmer CF, and RPCF tests. The RPR card and VDRL tests were performed plasma and serum from the total 1,132 cases. Among these 1,131 cases, 521 were syphilis suspected laboratory specimens, and 611 were syphilis unsuspected healthy young men. After screening with these two tests, the RPR card and VDRL tests, reactive specimens to the above one or both tests were retested by the Kolmer CF and RPCF tests.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.419-429
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new re-quantization method after FFT processing to prevent the distortion of correlation result of VCS (VLBI Correlation Subsystem). The re-quantization is used to rearrange the data bit so as to reduce the data rate processed as 16-bit of FFT result of VCS. Having done this procedure, we found that the distorted spectrum of correlation result occurred in the delay tracking experiments by the re-quantization method introduced for initial design of VCS. In order to solve this, two kinds of re-quantization method, that is, the comparison and selection-type, are proposed. The first is to re-quantize the FFT result as a valid-bit by comparing with the input data after determining the adequate threshold. The second is manually to select the valid-bit of FFT result after finding the valid-field of data according to the bit-distribution of input data. We confirmed that the second is more effective compared with the first through the experimental result, and it will be implemented without so much modification of applied method in the condition of the limited resource of FPGA. The re-quantization is, however, carried out with 4-bit in the proposed second method for FFT result, and then the distortion of correlation result is also appeared. To fix this problem, the bit for re-quantization is extended to 8-bit. The proposed 8-bit selection-type is effectively verified so that the distortion of correlation result disappeared by applying to VCS in consequence of the simulation and correlation experiments.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.210-224
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• 2019

Surface wave (SW) surveys, which have been applied to numerous application fields ranging from micro-scale ultrasonic analysis to geological scale analysis, are widely used to monitor near-surface stability. The survey method is basically made through analysis on dispersion of SW propagating along the earth surface, in order to delineate shear velocity structure of subsurface. SW survey data are inverted with assuming one-dimensional (1D) layered-earth in order to recover shear wave velocities of each layer, after being analyzed to make the dispersion curve that shows phase velocity of SW with respect to frequency. This study reviews surface wave surveys with explaining the basic theory including the characteristics of dispersion and the procedure of general data processing. Even though surface wave surveys can be categorized into active and passive methods, this paper focuses only on active surface wave methods which includes continuous SW (CSW), spectral analysis of SW (SASW) and multichannel analysis of SW (MASW). Passive method will be reviewed in the subsequent paper.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2E
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• pp.91-97
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• 1995

This paper describes the implementation of a multi-channel audio codec for HETV. This codec has the features of the 3/2-stereo plus low frequency enhancement, downward compatibility with the smaller number of channels, backward compatibility with the existing 2/0-stereo system(MPEG-1 audio), and multilingual capability. The encoder of this codec consists of 6-channel analog audio input part with the sampling rate of 48 kHz, 4-channel digital audio input part and three TMS320C40 /DSPs. The encoder implements multi-channel audio compression using a human perceptual psychoacoustic model, and has the bit rate reduction to 384 kbit/s without impairment of subjective quality. The decoder consists of 6-channel analog audio output part, 4-channel digital audio output part, and two TMS320C40 DSPs for a decoding procedure. The decoder analyzes the bit stream received with bit rate of 384 kbit/s from the encoder and reproduces the multi-channel audio signals for analog and digital outputs. The multi-processing of this audio codec using multiple DSPs is ensured by high speed transfer of date between DSPs through coordinating communication port activities with DMA coprocessors. Finally, some technical considerations are suggested to realize the problem of real-time operation, which are found out through the implementation of this codec using the MPEG-2 layer II sudio coding algorithm and the use of the hardware architecture with commercial multiple DSPs.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

In the mobile cloud computing, the mobile node should request and receive the services while being connected. In PMIPv6, all packets sent by mobile nodes or correspondent nodes are transferred through the local mobility anchor. This unnecessary detour still results in high delivery latency and significant processing cost. Several PMIPv6 route optimization schemes have been proposed to solve this issue. However, they also suffer from the high signaling costs and handover latency when determining the optimized path. We propose the route optimization handover scheme which adopts the prediction algorithm in PFMIPv6. In the proposed scheme, the new mobile access gateway establishes the bi-directional tunnel with the correspondent node's MAG using the context message when the mobile node's handover is imminent. This tunnel may eliminate the need of separate route optimization procedure. Hence, the proposed scheme can reduce the signaling cost than other conventional schemes do. Analytical performance evaluation is preformed to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The result shows that our scheme is more effective than other schemes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate the microbial contamination level of meat processing in butcher's shops in Seoul from January to November in 2010. A total of 695 samples (112 cotton work gloves, 342 utensils and equipments, 241 meat samples) were collected and the environmental hygiene of 89 butcher's shops was investigated. The aerobic plate count (APC), E. coli and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. were tested in the samples. As a result, the level of count on APC ranged $0{\sim}2.2{\times}10^6\;CFU/cm^2$ from the utensils & equipments, $1{\times}10^2{\sim}2.7{\times}10^8$ CFU/glove from the cotton work gloves and $1{\times}10^2{\sim}9.3{\times}10^6$ CFU/g from the meat samples. The level of count on E. coli ranged $0{\sim}2.5{\times}10^3\;CFU/cm^2$ from the utensils, $0{\sim}8.6{\times}10^4$ CFU/glove from the cotton work gloves and $0{\sim}1.4{\times}10^5$ CFU/g from the meat samples, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. were detected in 11 samples and 2 samples from the cotton work gloves, utensils & equipments, respectively. The sanitation standard operating procedure (SSOP) was applicated at 49 butcher's shops. In order to improve sanitation of meat in butcher's shops, in this study, applications of SSOP, systemic sanitation education for employees, hygenic control of utensils & equipments, and continuous monitoring for microorganisms will be required.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2008

To keep pace with scaling trends of CMOS technologies, high-k metal oxides are to be introduced. Due to their high permittivity, high-k materials can achieve the required capacitance with stacks of higher physical thickness to reduce the leakage current through the scaled gate oxide, which make it become much more promising materials to instead of $SiO_2$. As further studying on high-k, an understanding of the relation between the etch characteristics of high-k dielectric materials and plasma properties is required for the low damaged removal process to match standard processing procedure. There are some reports on the dry etching of different high-k materials in ICP and ECR plasma with various plasma parameters, such as different gas combinations ($Cl_2$, $Cl_2/BCl_3$, $Cl_2$/Ar, $SF_6$/Ar, and $CH_4/H_2$/Ar etc). Understanding of the complex behavior of particles at surfaces requires detailed knowledge of both macroscopic and microscopic processes that take place; also certain processes depend critically on temperature and gas pressure. The choice of $BCl_3$ as the chemically active gas results from the fact that it is widely used for the etching o the materials covered by the native oxides due to the effective extraction of oxygen in the form of $BCl_xO_y$ compounds. In this study, the surface reactions and the etch rate of $Al_2O_3$ films in $BCl_3/Cl_2$/Ar plasma were investigated in an inductively coupled plasma(ICP) reactor in terms of the gas mixing ratio, RF power, DC bias and chamber pressure. The variations of relative volume densities for the particles were measured with optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The surface imagination was measured by AFM and SEM. The chemical states of film was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which confirmed the existence of nonvolatile etch byproducts.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.6
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• pp.793-802
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• 2008

The development methods which utilize OSSs have been tried as new alternative to solve limits of the previous software developments such as the quality of software, and time and cost of developments. Especially, small and medium companies are suffering from difficulty in applying large-scale development methodology whenever they develop softwares. Therefore, in the current situation that demand for small-scale development methodology is increasing, the methods of utilizing OSSs can become an efficient way to save costs and reduce a development period. Accordingly, analysis of open-source is no fixed procedure or method to utilize open-source for software developments in the field. In this thesis, to solve such problems, we propose the procedures and methods for identifying and selecting suitable open-source, and effective methods for improvement and integration through least modification on the basis of synthesis of existing researches and experiences in development projects. For selection of OSSs, we did identify correct requirements for the software to be developed, investigate the open-source just matching with such requirements, draw a candidate index, establish assessment criteria, and the consequently present a method to select OSSs. And, we deduced the validity and improvement of each detailed activity from practical application to an actual project and assessment.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2013

The performances of speech compression schemes appeared to be dependent on the response profiles to compressed stimuli and the features of individual languages to some extent. Although these response profiles were critical in comparing various compression outcomes, the related data were limited in number for Korean monosyllabic words. From the previous study, data from PNT (Preserving No Trait) compression was selected as a base set for comparison. In this study, the outcomes from PPT (Preserving Pitch Trait) and PTT (Preserving Time Trait) were analyzed under the same condition. Then, the properties of these three widely used representative compression schemes were quantitatively compared in normal hearing adults (N=20) for controlled Korean quintet digit sets (0 through 9). Results showed that PPT compression scheme exhibited the best perceptual performances for the Korean quintet digit sets in the final outcomes (PPT>PTT>PNT). The compression ratios of 50% performances were estimated as about 20%, 42%, and 44% for PPT, PTT, and PNT, respectively. The data indicated the influences of the salient psychoacoustic features of the three representative compressions on perceiving Korean monosyllabic digit words. This controlled procedure with monosyllabic quintet sets can evaluate efficiency and effectiveness of other compression schemes and may also contribute to diagnosing auditory processing disorders and fitting special hearing aids with compression issues.