• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.524-552
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• 1998

Purgation therapy has played an important role as a influential remedy from the begining of the Chinese medicine. Especially purgation therapy is raised as the effective remedy on the acute infectious disease in the book of 'Treatise on Febrile Disease'. But It was inclined to cold-nature and available only in the excess syndrome. Nevertheless it is evident that the book has showed an example of this therapy. During the middle age, purgation therapy is classified into several subtype; hydrogogue therapy, laxation with lubricants, purgation with cold-natured drugs and purgation with warm-natured drugs. Comparing with the ancient times, it must be a progression. It was investigated earnestly by a school leaded by Zhang Congzheng. They were not restricted to several diseases, but applied it to the wide range of diseases. They thought as following. 'One is ill from pathogenic factor so that you should eliminate it from the human body'. Hence, they frequently used three major remedies such as diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. In this process, purgation therapy had showed eye-opening progress. But opposition to it was not little. Li Gao was a representative man on the opposite side. He expressed a critical opinion and placed great importance on the genuine energy, the natural healing force. Under his influence, a large number of doctors evaded purgation and put it under taboo. On account of these trend, purgation therapy had took a backward step and retrograded. Therefore cathartics such as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rharbitidis Semen, cold drugs such as Gypsum Fibrosum, etc. had been excluded for preservation of the genuine energy, and came about an obnoxious custom to value only 'tonity deficiency', or 'warm and tonify'. As it had came into fashion to approach most disease from the point of view, purgation therapy was merely fall into a remedy of constipation. After the eighteenth century purgation therapy encountered the new period of rivival. It was introduced by them who strived for the study of Epidemics to the new current of thought, so called '增水行舟'. It was because 온병 was apt to dissipate one's Yin fluid. Therefore purgation therapy of this period was characterized by establishing nourishment Yin and body fluid with or without use of timely purgation of accumulation of heat. From the time of Zhang Congzheng, it was accomplished by Lee Je-ma to the most epoch-making change. He caused an improvement in the use of purgation therapy by regarding innate constitutional contradiction as importance than representing clinical symptoms. He warned that existing remedies that depend only upon symptoms and signs, not upon individual characteristics including constitutional features didn't bring round to but kill them. And he understood all the pathologic processes in his constitutional theory, investigated specific drugs on four constitution, made indications of each prescriptions clear. For giving to differentiation of constition before differentiation of syndrom, his new slant on the pathologic phenomena overcome the limitations of 변증시치, and revaluate purgation therapy from remedy impaire the genuine energy to that restore it by recover the balance between the internal organ. It is the product of him to fundamentally upset the cause to be in disregard of purgation therapy.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.181-232
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• 2018

To explore the history of Korean engineers, one must navigate the field answering to the question of who engineers are. This is not an easy task because, behind the English expression of engineer, there are various names and even histories pertaining to technology related actors in East Asian countries including South Korea, and the meaning and status of these names are different from one another. Thus, the process and method of answering to the question of who engineers are becomes the path to understanding the history of Korean engineers. This study, therefore, attempts to suggest research questions that should be raised to study Korean engineers and to find research methodology suited for addressing those questions. Until now, not enough efforts have been made to create and expand interdisciplinary discussions and contacts for this area of study. This study has some theoretical difficulties of having to combine concepts with different problematique. Nevertheless, it aims to discuss how to conduct research, what questions should be posed to analyze the construction of Korean engineers and what research methodologies are suitable for such research, based on previous researches conducted in the field of social science. Answers to the quest are sought through genealogy, conceptual history, actor-network theory, and the notion of techno-national formation.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.48
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• pp.90-108
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• 2009

While the term of the institution as social manifestation has been discussed intensively through various theoretical approaches over the last few years in Social Sciences, such a debate has been missing so far in Communication Sciences. This paper attempts a theoretical discussion about the media as an institution in the field of Communication Sciences by applying the theory of organizational sociological neo-institutionalism. This research started out with the question which influence exerts the media on organizations and participants. The media is understood as an institution in the sense of permanent monitoring systems which create a) normative expectations b) which become stronger in order to assert such normative expectations c) the norms are applied by the participants d) in this application process, the participants accept the organizations, look primarily for the chosen paragraphs and exert an influence to change the norms. Organizations orient themselves at the institutional rules, because this way, they want to gain legitimacy and support. The media unfold their influence on organizations through certain obligations in addition to the pressure of the participants who deal with the organization and the media. Thus, media cannot exert influence independent from the organizationbut the participants accept the situation, which is generated by the many conflicting processes within the organization, they analyse them and transfer them.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-96
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• 2001

This paper introduces a new type of industrial cluster developed at the CBD of Seoul. Conventionally, clusters are said to be consisted of hi-tech, often If activities, manufacturing industries or artisan craft industries with increasing vertical integration and performance usually supported by venture capitals and favorable business infrastructure, not to mention governments', be it central or local, incentive plans. The study area, Cheonggyechon region has long been a traditional CBD frame of Seoul, Korea, being troubled by deterioration, traffic jams, and environmental degradation as most inner cities experience. Recently. this region has transformed to the most dynamic and productive area not by IT industries but by apparel and fashion activities. The study of the developmental trajectory and key characteristics for this kind of industrial cluster can give us insight both for the transition of inner city and for the cluster theory. This Paper firstly briefly Profiles the growth of the Cheonggyechon region over the past decade. It then shows the current spatial and business structure of the new industrial cluster, focusing on the fact that transactions costs are reduced, the creation and flow of information improves. and the local institutions are prone to be most responsive to the new cluster's specialized needs. The third section presents the key components of the customized production-distribution-shopping cluster development process, emphasizing the localized networking. social capital, spontaneous institutionalization of associational economic climate, and cultural economy based on place-specific inertia. The paper concludes with some comments about the prospects and perils of the new industrial cluster of Seoul.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.113-134
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• 2001

This study was carried out with an objective to prepare the framework of conformity for the 21st century modern fashion, which is interactive with mankind, based on a position that the 21st century contemporary fashion with its amalgamating trend of diversified artistic forms may not be elucidated on a standpoint centering on one certain modality. The hybrid fashion trend of historical modality which provides freedom and satisfaction in creation of an individuals expressive power in expressing true desire of mans inside through man-centered thought of the times has made multifarious motives of the past and present fragmentary. It thus extracts inner divisions and the concept of consolidation through three-dimensional form. Modern fashion is newly interpreted by the material and details of high technologies. and is harmonized by mix and match with various expressions. By having it, it is being expressed together with many types of dresses and ornaments. Modern fashion is being expressed together with many types of dresses and ornaments by new interpretations with the material and details of high technologies and by being harmonized with mix and match with various expressions. The hybrid fashion design trend of regional elements formed by stimuli and contacts of diverse local culture by globalization of network that was achieved by scientific technologies of the contemporary information society has disintegrated varied boundaries in the conventional culture by the latest communication technology-new media on the basis of newly created culture. The fact that regional elements could be expressed as if they were interrelated without each being deprived of originality may be explained with an interpretation on pluralism. The hybrid fashion design trend of cultural aspect, which manifests in the background of scientific technological culture as it transcends the societal-cultural boundaries based on the de-centralization theory of Frederic Jameson, has supplemented the imperfect meanings through conversional correlation with other forms and internal program changes. The middle stratal and polyhedral characteristics are seen as each cultural element is dismantled and reassembled by application of 'multiple-time point expression'. Design forming method is not to bring destruction from outside, but to embrace instability and chaos through radical dismantling of the inside. and to pursue diversity and openness. Thus. it is implemented by an approach that takes the role of design process. In communication of discontinuity, continuity was dismantled through forms of mixing, overlap, perversion, insertion and coincidence.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.189-203
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• 2010

Is presenting guidance of information performance measurement as government PRM version 2.0 these common reference models in public sector. Government PRM is consisted of assessment classification system and standard line of sight and performance management standard form. Through this, is sorting performance element and define cause-and effect. Government PRM is supplying measurement categories at assessment classification system, but relative importance for application standard by measurement categories is not presenting. In this study, importance for government PRM's measurement categories been applying by commonness Test of information performance measurement of public sector wishes to deduce estimation and priority. Research model used Fuzzy QFD, and designed so that can reflect well PRM's development purpose. I applied Fuzzy AHP and FPP method that graft together fuzzy theory to minimize uncertainty and ambiguity in that expert opinion. Is drawn to element that "Standard model offer for information department and management" is the most important in government PRM's development purpose. "Quality of service" is showing the highest priority in customer results in measurement category. Importance for government PRM's measurement categories can offer common valuation basis in government and public institution. Hereafter if examine closely quantitative cause-and effect for structure model of measurement classification system when study government PRM more objective and efficient reference model become.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.85-106
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• 2009

Current trend of audit is to check the physical aspects of developed information system, such as checking the budget constraints, time constraints or functional fluency etc. However, ultimate goal of information system is to help the organization to achieve the competency over their competitors. Also, there are three different interest groups in system auditing, like audit requesting group, audited group and audit group, who may have different points of interests in auditing. Current auditing process, however, ignores this point, and so does not check the differences between three groups. This study tries to develop new auditing method to cure these two problems. Contributions of this study may be summarized as follows. First, Redefine Information Systems Audit from a service point of view. Second, Divide the audit related person into three groups, and their different needs toward the information system was analyzed. Third, Analyze and compare the main interests of three groups, and weights of each groups to each indexes were calculated. Fourth, Fuzzy theory was applied to quantify the qualitative answers, which may minimize the ambiguity of questionnaire replies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2020

In this paper, I studied the relation between narrative construction (especially focusing on motif) and humor mechanism based on binge watching environment. Several motif theories such as B. Tomachevski, Horst and Ingrid Dämmrich and S. Chatman are used as a basic study method in chapter II. In popular sitcom , sometimes kernels(according to S. Chatman's term) in certain season's story are changed into satellites(according to S. Chatman's term) in other season's stories. The motif of Ross and Rachel's conflict is a representative example for this switching process. Especially on binge watching environment, as the interval length is much more shortened, viewers tend to reflect their own emotional memory into characters less strongly than segment watching environment. As a result, the possibility 'heavy' stories such as seperation are quickly changed into 'light' humorous matters is increased. This kind of hierarchy variation of repeated motif make the viewers laugh, because they can feel sudden liberating energy by eliminating psychological pressure. It means the characteristics of sitcom's humor on binge watching environment can also be explained by the theory of 'laugh as a eliminating tension', which I. Kant representatively said.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.60-74
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• 2016

There are increasing numbers of North Korean defectors. Many of them enter universities and major in social welfare in order to get jobs. As a required course, they must participate in field practicum and many difficulties are expected. This study aims to examine the North Korean defectors' practicum experience in specific, and to support more effectively in the field work education. To achieve this purpose, female North Korean defectors who go to G cyber university and have finished their field practicums, were interviewed in an in-depth interview. The data were analyzed with the open coding through the constant comparison method as Grounded theory's initial analysis. As the result, the following was found: 49 concepts, 18 sub-categories, and 7 categories. The categories include difficulties in the process of preparation for and beginning with various obstacles; confusion due to the differences between the North Korean and South Korean culture; tasks and functions that were not expected, personal relationships which were burdensome to them; feeling a lack of professional competence; inevitable environmental circumstances, and personal problems. Based on the results, suggestions for better support in field practice education in the side of universities, community agencies, individual students and the general society were addressed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1883-1892
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• 2015

TRIZ is a theory of inventive problem solving. Recently the importance of creative capabilities is being emphasized and many successful cases using TRIZ are being introduced, therefore interest in TRIZ has been increasing. But TRIZ is not easy to learn alone compared to other creative thinking tools. Although it is effective to learn TRIZ through various cases, it is not easy for beginners to experience those many cases. Therefore, we developed a software called Do-TRIZ for TRIZ learning. Do-TRIZ provides descriptions and various examples of key concepts to make it easier for beginners to learn TRIZ. Also, the learners can add new cases continuously on Do-TRIZ. Especially, process-based problem solving modules have been implemented on Do-TRIZ, in order to make it possible to solve problems based on technical contradiction, physical contradiction, and IFR(Ideal Final Result). The learners can use the modules to solve their problems and to share the results. Also, we implemented Do-TRIZ Memo app that works with Do-TRIZ.