• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.7
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• pp.1093-1102
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• 2003

As the use of internet is growing, the amount of information is increasing rapidly and XML that is a standard of the web data has the property of flexibility of data representation. Therefore electronic document systems based on web, such as EDMS (Electronic Document Management System), ebXML (e-business extensible Markup Language), have been adopting XML as the method for exchange and standard of documents. So research on the method which can manage and search structural XML documents in an effective wav is required. In this paper we propose the clustering method based on structural similarity among the many XML documents, using typical structures extracted from each document by sequential pattern mining in pre-clustering process. The proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of clustering by computing cost considering cluster cohesion and inter-cluster similarity.

• Archives of design research
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• v.9
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• pp.801-810
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• 1994

Design Problems are often both multidimensional and highly interactive. Very rarely does any part of a designed thing serve only one purpose. The activity of designing is thus a goal-directed activity and normally a goal-directed problem-solving activity. This means, problem solving is finding a way to get from some initial situation to a desired goal. Designers are transforming agents within a society whose goals are to improve the human condition through physical metamorphosis. Many theorist have agreed that designing involves problem solving or decision making. Accordingly evaluation plays an essential role in design activity. The evaluation factors include all attributes that have levels specified by quantitative and qualitative objectives Alternatives in multi-objective decision prOblems generally possess numerous attributes by which they can be described and compared. The evaluation factors include all attributes that have levels specified by quantitative and qualitative objectives. However since qualitative factors are difficult to quantify as numeral estimates, these factors have tended to be ignored without regard for their importance to human content. We adapted the Accumulative Evaluation Model as an evaluation algorithm for IDES. Industrial Design Evaluation System (IDES) consists of 3 major modules ( 1 Design Element, 2.Matrix, 3.Evaluation). It is intended to be an aid for design evaluation. The luther thinks IDES is a new design evaluation approach which could provide effective rating of design values to make value judgements. It is an attempt to provide industrial designers with access to design evaluation. The author's aim is to produce an Object-Oriented Evaluation System which can guide the designers and decision makers under complex design projects. It uses\ulcorner an Object-Oriented Programming for this prototype, Because of managing complexity (Flexibility and Reusability) and improving productivity(Extensibility & Maintainability and Programming by User) in software development process. The author has chose the C++ because it is a hybrid, rather than pure Object-Oriented Language.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.301-323
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• 2010

This study was to find the direction to assessment of school mathematics in accordance with 2009 reformed curriculum. As new trends in the latest reformed 2009 curriculum, creativity, multicultural education, and mathematics disposition were focused. In creativity, more items should be developed for enhancing students' ability in areas of fluency, elaborateness, and originality, besides flexibility which was mostly dealt in the formal assessments that have been done previously in school. In multicultural education. purposeful bilingual programs should be developed in mathematics education to improve not only students' language skill, but also mathematical ability. In mathematical disposition, various questionnaires including checklists along with clinical interview should be provided to evaluate students' on-going process of mathematical learning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2004

A protocol for the web-based GPS data processing system has been developed. The system is developed following the typical ASP system, in which the GPS data acquired by various users can be uploaded through the web and the data is processed with data processing components selected by the users. After the processing, the results are also transported to the users through the web. The developed system is designed for easy software upgrade and it is an synchronous process mode so that the multiple accesses can be handled with high user flexibility. The database components for the efficient GPS data maintenance are developed so that the data from CORS can be used for the data processing. Currently, the absolute and relative positioning algorithms using code measurements are integrated and much more algorithms such as the data quality control, absolute and relative positioning using phases will be integrated in near future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.81-92
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• 2003

A protocol for the web-based GPS data processing system has been developed. The system is developed following the typical ASP system, in which the GPS data acquired by various users can be uploaded through the web and the data is processed with data processing components selected by the users. After the processing, the results are also transported to the users through the web. The developed system is designed for easy software upgrade and it is an asynchronous process mode so that the multiple accesses can be handled with high user flexibility. The database components for the efficient GPS data maintenance are developed so that the data from CORS can be used for the data processing. Currently, the absolute and relative positioning algorithms using code measurements are integrated and much more algorithms such as the data quality control, absolute and relative positioning using phases will be integrated in near future.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2011

The typical unit infrastructure cost estimation techniques adopted so far in implementing the Korean Impact Fee Zoning have rather been centered around the unilateral simple cost models. The techniques, as such, have frequently been criticized for their lack of flexibility in properly reflecting the regional differences as well as the peculiarities of individual development projects. The Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs (MLTM), in this regard, has recently introduced an enhanced alternative technique. Using the NGIS data, the study probes the viability of the MLTM's new technique by testing the entire estimation process based on the case area in Ansung City. Reflecting the City's characteristics, the study assumes a composite land use plan that accommodates the industrial area in addition to typical residential areas. As an extensive empirical case study, the research has found from the new technique considerable technical merits to overcome the existing shortcomings and summarized its significant policy implications.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.1496-1521
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• 2012

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in target tracking wireless sensor networks due to environmental noise, randomness of target mobility and other factors. Sensing results are always unreliable. This paper considers unreliability as it occurs in wireless sensor networks and its impact on target-tracking accuracy. Firstly, we map intersection pairwise sensors' uncertain boundaries, which divides the monitor area into faces. Each face has a unique signature vector. For each target localization, a sampling vector is built after multiple grouping samplings determine whether the RSS (Received Signal Strength) for a pairwise nodes' is ordinal or flipped. A Fault-Tolerant Target-Tracking (FTTT) strategy is proposed, which transforms the tracking problem into a vector matching process that increases the tracking flexibility and accuracy while reducing the influence of in-the-filed factors. In addition, a heuristic matching algorithm is introduced to reduce the computational complexity. The fault tolerance of FTTT is also discussed. An extension of FTTT is then proposed by quantifying the pairwise uncertainty to further enhance robustness. Results show FTTT is more flexible, more robust and more accurate than parallel approaches.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.138-146
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• 2012

This paper is about a the evaluation method for universal design on AHP method. Evaluation of Universal Design to develop indicators of the seven principles of universal design and the tripod of Design(in Japan) Review of the PPP, and previous studies were chosen with reference to a indicators. Selected variables were analyzed using the AHP technique, Universal Design 7 elements were derived weights. Factor of the most important on universal design is 'Perceptible Information'(0.263), and 'Tolerance for Error'(0.207), 'Simple and Intuitive Use'(0.154), 'Low Physical Effort'(0.143) was in order. 'Size & Space for Approach and Use'(0.108) is then shown to be important, while the 'Equitable Use'(0.087), 'Flexibility in Use'(0.038) was rated relatively low importance. Based on the results reflected a weighted evaluation of universal design checklist is proposed. Process to obtain the weights can be applied to a variety of situations.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2008

Using central composite design, we have designed optimization of the manufacturing of processed butter. And response surface analysis by least-square regression was used Statistical Analysis System(SAS). Central composite design can be achieved by response surface techniques that allow flexibility in modeling and analysis. Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to optimize hardness(%) using as independent variables; the content of butter($X_1$), ranging from 50 to 90(%), the content of soybean oil($X_2$), from 0 to 20(%), and the hydrogenated soybean oil($X_3$) from 0 to 4(%). The results on the regression coefficients calculated for overrun by response surface by least-square regression(RSREG) were followed. It was considered that the linear regression was significant(p<0.01). As for the processed butter, the regression model equation for the hardness(Y, %) to the change of an independent variable could be predicted as follow: $Y=60.88-8.92X_2-{29.3X_2}^2$. The optimal for the manufacturing of processed butter were determined at the content of butter of 88.22%, soybean oil of 6.71% and hydrogenated soybean oil of 2.36%, respectively. Optimum compositions were resulted in hardness of 65.78 N. Finally the reference sample(Butter in the morning, Seoul Dairy Co-op.) and processed butter manufacturing under the optimal conditions were compared with spreadability test. The spreadability scores result from reference sample and butter under optimal conditions was not found a significant difference.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.467-474
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• 2020

Polymer solar cells have attracted extensive attention over the past decade due to their benefits, such as good solution-process-ability, light weight, low-cost, mechanically flexibility, and high efficiency. Conjugated (CPE) and non-conjugated (NPE) polyelectrolyte materials have been employed to avoid the typical weaknesses associated with conventional metal oxide interlayers. However, the application of CPEs is more complicated than that of NPEs because the synthesis procedures are complicated. NPEs containing charged ion groups can provide numerous benefits for renewable energy applications. Especially when implemented in polymer solar cells.