• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.464-469
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• 2007

본 연구는 쑥 추출물의 항염 활성이 prostaglandins 합성의 저해 및 pro-inflammatory cytokine의 억제기전과 관련이 있을 것으로 예상되어짐에 따라, 큰비쑥(A. fukudo)을 대상으로 80% EtOH로 추출하고 추출물을 극성에 따라 용매분획을 실시하여, 큰비쑥 에탄올 추출물 및 용매분획물들이 염증반응의 주체가 되는 대식 세포 계열인 RAW 264.7 세포에서 LPS 로 유도된 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ 그리고 IL-6와 같은 pro-inflammatory cytokine과 NO의 생성억제효과, 그리고 iNOS와 COX-2의 단백질 발현 억제효과 및 $PGE_{2}$ 생성 억제효과 등을 통해 알아보았다. 대식세포 계열인 RAW 264.7 세포에 LPS로 자극을 주고 큰비쑥 추출물을 처리하여 확인해본 결과, 추출물 및 분획물들이 다소 차이는 있었지만 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ 그리고 IL-6에서 생성억제 효과를 나타났다. 또한 헥산, 디클로로메탄 및 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 NO의 생성억제 효과가 강하게 나타났으며, 헥산과 디클로로메탄 분획물에서는 iNOS, COX-2 및 $PGE_{2}$ 생성 억제 효과가 다른 분획물에 비해 강하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 큰비쑥에서 유효성분 추출을 통한 항염증 물질의 연구 또는 예방하거나 치료할 수 있는 염증 억제 성분의 분리 및 그 작용기전 연구에 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것이라 사료된다. 또한 큰비쑥 추출물로부터 염증억제 성분을 도출하고자 활성분획인 헥산과 디클로로메탄 분획물에 대하여 활성성분의 분리가 진행 중이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as tomato, is widely used in raw, cooked, or liquid forms because it contains nutritional compounds that are beneficial for human health, including carotenoids, lycopene, ascorbic acid, vitamins, and minerals. The tomato is perhaps the most widely studied fruit, especially with respect to its cardioprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to identify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms by which the tomato elicits its anti-inflammatory properties. We treated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with a tomato ethanol extract and performed various biochemical assays including nitric oxide inhibition, cell viability, RNA extraction, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and immunoblotting, as well we assessed cell survival rates. Our results have shown for the first time that a tomato ethanol extract treatment can suppress nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Moreover, it inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines and elicits its anti-inflammatory effects via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In addition, administration of tomato syrup potently rescued mice from septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide injection. Collectively, our results elucidate details regarding the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of tomato.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1323-1329
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• 2005

This study was carried out to know the immunity responses of Sogyughwalhyel-tanggami(SGHHT) to on Rheumatoid Arthritis in Collagen-induced Arthritis(CIA) Mice. Various experimental were peformed to analyse the immunity effects of SGHHT. The cytotoxicity against mLFCs was not measured. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-\alpha$ were reduced in hFLSs. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines $IFN-\gamma$, IgG3, IgG2b, IgM were reduced. Comparison of the results for this study showed that SGHHT had immunomodulatory effects of suppressing or enhancing. So we expect that SGHHT should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease. Therefore we have to survey continuously in looking for the effective substance and mechanism in the future.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2006

Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is a mixture of protopanaxadiol type saponins with a dammarane skeleton, from Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Araliaceae). Korean ginseng is well-known herb to treat almost all kinds of diseases in Oriental medicine. This herb was particularly prescribed for treatment various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus, for centuries. To understand the efficacy of ginseng against inflammatory diseases, we aimed to show anti-inflammatory activities of the PPD in murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7 cells using nitric oxide (NO) production assay and the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), and IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). We found that PPD saponin significantly blocked LPS ($1{\mu}g/ml$)-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PPD abrogated the expressions of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-$1{\beta}$ and MCP-1. Moreover, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a critical enzyme to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), was significantly inhibited by PPD in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that anti-inflammatory efficacy of Korean red ginseng on inflammatory diseases is, at least, due to the NO inhibitory activity and the inhibition of the expressional level of inflammatory cytokines and/or mediators.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 인간 단핵구 세포인 THP-1 세포를 이용하여 berberine의 항염증 활성을 조사 하였다. Propionibacterium acnes의 감염은 THP-1 세포에서 산화질소(NO)와 $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-8 및 $IL-1{\beta}$와 같은 전 염증성 사이토카인의 생산을 유도했다. 그러나, P. acnes에 의해 유도된 THP-1 세포에 berberine을 처리했을 때, 전 염증성 사이토카인 및 NO의 생성이 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한 우리는 berberine의 항 염증 기능의 신호 전달 경로를 분석하여 berberine이 P. acnes 유도 세포에서 ERK1/2, JNK 및 p38의 인산화를 억제하고 $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65의 발현 및 핵이동을 억제한다는 것을 발견했다. 이러한 결과로부터 berberine은 인간 단핵구 세포에서 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 및 MAPK 신호 전달 경로를 억제함으로써 항 염증 활성을 효과적으로 발휘할 수 있다고 결론지었다. 또한, 이러한 결과는 P. acnes에 의해 유발된 염증성 질환의 치료를 위해 천연물 소재에서 유래한 알칼로이드 화합물인 berberine을 사용하여 천연 치료제를 개발할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2020

본 연구는 와송에 유기용매를 활용하여 순차적으로 추출하여 항염증 활성에 대한 가능성을 평가하기 하기 위해 수행되었다. 대식세포에 와송 hexane 추출물을 전처리하고 LPS로 염증을 자극하여 염증과 관련한 세포내 신호전달 경로에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 대식세포에 와송 hexane 추출물은 LPS 자극에 의해 세포 독성이 나타나지 않았고, ROS의 생성을 억제하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IP-10과 같은 전염증성 사이토카인의 분비를 mRNA 수준에서 확인한 결과 탁월하게 억제하였다. 이러한 전염증성 사이토카인의 생성 억제는 상위 전사인자인 AP-1과 IRF3의 조절을 통해 이루어지므로 이들을 단백질 수준에서 발현량을 확인하였다. 그 결과 c-Jun, c-Fos, IRF-3의 인산화 억제로 핵 내 전사활성이 제한되었을 것으로 생각된다. 이들 결과를 종합해볼 때, 와송 hexane 추출물은 염증 반응을 저해하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 다양한 염증성 질환의 예방 및 개선에 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1244-1250
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• 2005

The anti-inflammatory activity of Eurya emarginata (Thumb) Makino, of which leaves have been traditionally used to treat ulcers or diuretic in Jeju Island, has been investigated in the present study. Through the phytochemical study from the methanol extract of E. emaginiata, eutigosides Band C were isolated as the active components. Sseveral inflammatory markers including TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, NO, iNOS, and COX-2 were examined. Eutigosides Band C potentially inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the intracellular contents of iNOS protein were markedly decreased after treatment with eutigosides Band C. The inhibition of iNOS activity was correlated with the decrease in nitrite levels. These results suggest that eutigoside Band C from E. emarginata may have anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6), iNOS and COX-2.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2020

This study investigated therapeutic candidates with anti-inflammatory potential among traditional dietary ingredients targeting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both Avena sativa and traditional fermented products, such as Korean soy paste, are popular health foods. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of soy paste combined with A. sativa (KDA), compared with soy paste without A. sativa (KD) by evaluating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages and HT-29 human colon epithelial cells. KDA significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. In another in vitro experiment involving LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells, KDA suppressed the levels of IL-8, which is the chemokine elevated in IBD. In addition, KDA exhibited anti-oxidative properties, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Our findings revealed that A. sativa combined with soy paste exhibits a synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect following fermentation. These results suggest that KDA may be used as a potential anti-inflammatory therapy against IBD.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.685-696
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a heme precursor, on inflammatory and oxidative stress activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages by estimating nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also evaluated the molecular mechanisms through analysis of the expression of their regulatory genes, and further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of ALA against LPS in the zebrafish model. Our results indicated that ALA treatment significantly attenuated the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO and PGE2, which was associated with decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. ALA also inhibited the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, reducing their extracellular secretion. Additionally, ALA abolished ROS generation, improved the mitochondrial mass, and enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the activation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, zinc protoporphyrin, a specific inhibitor of HO-1, reversed the ALA-mediated inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines production and activation of mitochondrial function in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, ALA significantly abolished the expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ALA exerts LPS-induced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and that ALA can be a potential functional agent to prevent inflammatory and oxidative damage.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2017

본 연구는 프랑킨센스를 이용하여 전염증성 사이토카인의 분비 억제 효과를 입증하고자한다. 이에 LPS를 처리한 마우스의 대식세포를 이용하여 $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$와 같은 전염증성 사이토카인의 분비 변화를 살펴보기 위해 다자인하였다. 세포에 대한 독성 실험은 MTS인 CellTiter 96 AQueous One solution cell proliferation 시약을 이용하여 실시하였으며 전염증성 사이토카인의 분비는 ELISA kit을 사용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 프랑킨센스는 10ug/ml-1000ug/ml에서 세포독성이 없었으며 전염증성 사이토카인인 $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$생성을 유의성있게 억제시켰다. 전염증성 사이토카인의 분비 억제효과는 프랑킨센스의 항 염성을 입증하기 위한 기초적인 생리 활성 자료와 기능성 소재로 다양한 융합적인 활용이 가능하다고 사료된다.