• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of expenditure on private education and stress caused by private education on the parental efficacy of mothers of junior and senior high school students. The subjects were 300 mothers of students who were enrolled in the junior and senior high school in Seoul and its suburbs. The results were as follows: First, the level of stress from private education was found to be higher than the degree of parental efficacy. Second, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed by using expenditure on private education and stress caused by private education as independent variables and the socio-demographic characteristics of mothers as control variables in order to identify their effect on the parental efficacy of mothers of junior and senior high school students. The results show that stress from private education and monthly income were significantly related to parental efficacy. That is, the lower the level of stress from private education and the higher the monthly income, the higher was the degree of parental efficacy. These findings suggest that expenditure on private education seems to be determined by the household income level; thus, income may affect psychological stress and parental efficacy of mothers with respect to the process of providing private education.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.135-157
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of household income, education needs, private education expenses and expenditures of preparation for old age for mothers of school-aged children and to discover the causal relationships among these variables. The subjects in this study were gathered from among 393 mothers living in Daegu with school-aged children from 8 to 19 years old and with wage-earner husbands. The research tool was a questionnaires which addressed the general characteristics of the subjects, household income, the scale of education needs, the scale of private education expenditures, the scale of perceived burden of private education, and the scale of expenditures of preparation for old age. In order to analyze the study data, factor analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS were used, and structural path analysis using AMOS was used. The main results of this study were as follow: First, the greater the household income, the greater the education needs. Second, household income and education needs had no significant influences on private education expenditures. Third, education needs and private education expenditures turned out to have significant effects on the perceived burden of private education expenditures. Fourth, expenditures of preparation for old age among mothers of school-aged children was influenced by the education needs, private education expenditures and perceived burden of private education expenditures. The household income of mothers of school-aged children had no significant influence on private education expenditures. Finally, education needs, private education expenditures and perceived burden of private education expenditures for mothers of school-aged children had a direct effect on the expenditures of preparations for old age. On the other hand, in mediating education needs, household income of these mothers had an indirect effect on expenditures of preparations for old age. The perceived burden of private education expenditures turned out to have the biggest total effect on the preparations for old age of mothers with school-aged children.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.53-72
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• 2002

The purpose of the research is to investigate the amount of private education expenditures for on-line education and the factors which affect on-line education expenditures and its decreasing effect of private education expenditures. The results of this study can provide basic materials to found policy to decrease private education market and private education expenditures. The sample of this study was 484 parents who had an experience using on-line education for their children being in mainly constituted by classes of pre-school over and less than high school student. The results was as follows. First, education expenditures for on-line education are 64,900won and the English and the Mathematics as main reasons using on-line education were that it is available for 24 hours and cheaper than off-line education. The parents got information for on-line education by internet, mass media and their next-door neighbors. Second, the significant variables which affect on-line education expenditures and its decreasing effect of education expenditures were the children's school level and financial related factors.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.193-206
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• 2011

자녀의 사교육비 지출은 정치, 경제, 사회 등 국민 생활 전반에 걸쳐 막대한 영향을 미치고 그 부작용이 심각하여 한국사회의 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 통계청에서 수집한 2008년도 사교육비 실태조사 자료 중 일반사교육비 지출과 방과후 프로그램 참가비의 두변수에 대하여 지역, 초 중 고 등 학교급 구분, 가구소득, 학생 성적, 별, 사교육 참가시간 등의 인구동태적 변수들의 영향을 알아보는 다중 선형 회귀분석을 수행 하였다. 분석결과 일반 사교육비 지출과 방과후 프로그램 참가비에 뚜렷한영향을 미치는 요소로는 지역과 학교급구분이고 나머지 변수들은 의미있는 영향력을 보여주지 못하였다. 일반 사교육비 지출에 대한 지역의 영향을 보면, 서울지역>광역시, 중소도시>읍면지역 순으로 지출에 상당한 차이가 있음을 보여주었다. 방과후 참가비에 대한 지역의 영향을 보면 서울지역, 광역시, 중소도시>읍면지역 의 순으로 지출이 많았는데 서울과 기타도시의 차이가 없다는 것이 일반 사교육비의 경우와 다른 특징이다. 학교급 구분에서는 일반사교육비의 경우 일반계 고교생에 대한 지출이 초 중생이나 전문계 고교생에 비하여 약 17% 지출이 더 많았다. 이는 대학입시 위주의 교육 풍토와 사교육 시장이 관련이 있음을 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 방과후 학교 참가비의 경우 일반계고, 초등학교> 전문계고> 중학교 의 순서이다. 초등학생은 사교육비의 부담을 덜기 위해서, 그리고 일반계 고등학생의 경우는 방과후 학교에서 내신에 도움을 주는 프로그램을 제공하기 때문으로 추측할 수 있다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

This study attempted to investigate household's private educational expenditure that aggravates a burden on households by using the data from the 2014 Private Education Survey published by Statistics Korea. The effects of purposes of private education and participation in an after school program that is pushed by the government on household's private educational expenditure were analyzed. The major findings were as follows. First, the major purposes of private education lean toward preparing to enroll in school and relieving parents'uneasiness rather than prior learning Second, according to the purposes of private education, the differences of the private educational expenditure were verified. Households spend the highest level of private educational expenditure for the purpose of preparing to enroll in school contrary to the lowest level, which was for the purpose of compensatory learning. Third, participation in an after school program that is regarded as a method of moderating households' private education burden, had a positive effect on reducing private educational expenditure. Forth, private educational expenditure was influenced by the purposes of private education and participation in an after school program. In 2014, the Korean government enforced a law that prohibits schools'education in advance (prior learning) and regulates private educational institutes'advertisement about prior learning. Regarding this regulation, this study aimed to investigate the purposes and expenditure of private education to provide an empirical reference to determine the improvement of related policies.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.461-472
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• 2018

Using a sample of third grade middle school students from the forth wave of Children and Youth Panel Survey in 2012, the mediation effects of private educational expenditure between parenting styles and children's academic performance were investigated by applying factor, cluster, tobit, and two stage regression analysis. The major results were as follows. First, four types of parenting style were identified. The most frequent parenting style was ambivalent parenting (tiger parenting) which was followed by authoritative parenting. Second, compared to permissive parenting style, ambivalent, authoritative, and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly associated with more private educational expenditures. Third, more private educational expenditures were significantly associated with higher academic performance of children. I found both a full mediation effect of private educational expenditure for ambivalent and authoritarian parenting styles, and a partial mediation effect for authoritative parents. Authoritative parenting style has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between household income and private educational expenditure, along with a positive direct effect on the academic performance of children. The results suggested that an authoritative parenting style was related with higher academic performance of children with less private educational expenditures compared to other parenting styles. The results also implied that the public policies to enhance authoritative parenting style among parents would be effective to reduce household's private educational expenditures.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.91-121
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• 2009

이 논문에서는 한국의 경우 개별 학군 내에서 사립학교와 공립학교 간에 학생 배분이 무작위로 이루어진다는 특수성을 이용하여, 사립학교가 공립학교에 비해 학생들의 성적향상 측면에서보다 효율적인지를 분석하기 위한 자연실험 분석을 실시하였다. 학군의 고정효과를 통제한 모델을 분석한 결과, 사립학교가 공립학교에 비해 학생들의 성적이 보다 향상된다는 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 확인할 수 없었다. 단 상위 성적 계층의 여학생들의 경우, 사립학교 학생이 0.13 표준편차만큼 성적이 더 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.159-182
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between household income, consumption wants for education, private education expenses, and old-age economic preparation behaviors in mothers with school-aged children. The participants in this study comprised 393 mothers living with children aged 8.19 in Daegu. All participants had wage-earning husbands. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Factor analysis was conducted using SPSS and structural regression analysis was performed using AMOS. The main results of this study were as follows: The participants' old-age economic preparation behaviors were influenced by their household income, the proportion of private education expenditures they paid, and the perceived burden the participants had of these private education expenditures. The consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children had no significant impact on the proportion of private education expenditures paid by the participants. Household income, proportion of private education expenditures, and perceived burden of the private education expenditures had a direct effect on the old-age economic preparation behaviors of the participants. When the perceived burden of the private education expenditures was mediated, the consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children had an indirect effect on their old-age economic preparation behaviors.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the expenditure on private education and stress from private education, and the role conflicts of the mothers of junior and senior high school students. The subjects were 300 mothers of students who are enrolled in junior and senior high school and receiving private education in Seoul and its suburbs. The results were as follows: First, the level of stress from private education was found to be higher than the scale range of the median, whereas the degree of role conflicts was slightly lower than the scale range of the median. Second, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed by using the expenditure on private education and stress from private education as independent variables and the socio-demographic variables of mothers as the control variables in order to identify their effect on the role conflicts of the mothers of the junior and senior high school students. The results show that the age of the mother, the household monthly income, the monthly expenditure on private education, and stress from private education were significantly related to the role conflicts of the mothers. That is, the older the age of the mother, the lower the level of monthly income, the lower the level of the monthly expenditure on private education, and the higher the level of stress from private education, the greater the degree of the role conflicts of the mother.

• 아동학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.255-272
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• 2010

This study explored pathways from mothers' beliefs to children's subjective well-being through children's private after-school activities and stress levels. A sample of 230 6th grade elementary school students (125 boys and 105 girls) in Seoul completed questionnaires on children's stress and subjective well-being. Their mothers responded to questionnaires on mothers' beliefs and children's private after-school activities. Data were analyzed by means of Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analyses. Our results demonstrated that mothers' beliefs indirectly influenced children's subjective well-being through both children's private after-school activities and stress levels. Neither children's private after-school activities nor children's stress mediated between mothers' beliefs and children's subjective well-being. Mothers' beliefs also had a direct effect on children's subjective well-being. Significantly, both mothers' beliefs and children's stress played crucial roles in improving children's subjective well-being.