• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제60권3호
• /
• pp.321-329
• /
• 2006

연구 배경: 폐암은 2000년에 들어와 우리나라 암 사망 원인 질환 중 1위가 되었으며, 아직 뚜렷한 생존기간의 향상이 없는 예후가 불량한 암이다. 최근 표적 치료제 개발에 따른 후속 연구 및 흡연이 폐암 발병에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구들에서 인종 간 유전적 특성의 차이, 생활환경이 미치는 영향 등이 부각되기도 하였다. 우리나라 폐암 환자의 임상적 특성에 대한 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 저자 등은 단일 3차 의료기관에서 지난 9년간 확진된 폐암 환자의 임상적 특성을 알아보고자 한다. 방 법: 1996년 9월부터 2005년 8월까지 9년간 본원에 입원하여 폐암으로 진단을 받았던 1655예의 환자를 대상으로 연구하였다. 모든 대상 환자에 있어서 연령, 성별, 세포형, 임상적 병기를 분석하였다. 폐암 진단 당시 설문에 응답하였던 941예의 환자를 대상으로 폐암 가족력, 직업, 흡연력, 임상 증상, 체중감소, 수행상태 등을 조사하였다. 진단 당시 동반 질환으로 당뇨, 고혈압을 포함한 심장혈관질환, 만성폐쇄성폐질환, 특발성 폐섬유화증 및 활동성 폐결핵 등을 조사하였다. 결 과:전체 연구대상 폐암 환자의 남여 성비는 3.6:1 이었다. 세포형은 편평상피세포암이 제일 흔하였고, 여자에서는 선암이 흔한 세포형이었다. 흡연력이 있었던 경우가 80.1%이었고 비흡연자는 19.9%이었다. 여자 72.3%가 비흡연자 이었다. 비흡연자에서는 남여 모두 선암이 제일 흔한 세포형이었고, 흡연력이 있는 환자에서는 편평상피세포암이 흔하였다. 1996년부터 2000년까지와 2001년부터 2005년까지 두 단위 기간으로 나누어 보았을 때, 비소세포폐암 중 선암이 차지하는 빈도의 증가(29.5%에서 33.7%로)추세와 편평상피세포암의 감소(49.9%에서 41.8%로) 추세를 확인할 수 있었다. 환자 중 무증상은 6.2%에서 관찰되었고 흔한 증상으로는 기침, 객담, 호흡곤란 등 순 이었다. 동반 질환으로 만성폐쇄성폐질환, 심장 혈관 질환, 당뇨, 결핵, 특발성 폐섬유화증은 각각 44.1%, 22.2%, 10.7%, 3.9%, 1.6%에서 관찰되었다. 부모, 형제, 자매 중 폐암 가족력이 있었던 환자는 4.4% 이었고, 환자 직업력이 폐암 발병과 관련성이 있을 것으로 추정된 경우는 12.2%이었다. 결 론: 우리나라 폐암 환자에서 높은 흡연율이 관찰되었고 아직 편평상피세포암이 제일 흔한 세포형 이었다. 향후 우리나라 폐암 환자의 임상적 특성에 대한 보다 세밀한 조사가 필요하겠다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2015

와편모류는 해양의 주요 일차 생산자로서, 독립영양성, 종속영양성 및 혼합영양성 등의 다양한 영양방식을 가지는 생물군으로서 해양 미소먹이망에서 중요한 생태학적 역할을 담당하고 있다. 그러나 와편모류에 대한 대부분의 연구가 연안이나 외해의 표영생태계에 국한되어 수행되었으며, 사질조간대에 서식하는 저서성 와편모류에 대한 연구는 매우 미흡하며, 국내에서는 제주연안을 제외하고는 거의 전무하다. 본 연구는 전라북도 서해안에 위치한 동호의 사질조간대에서 2012년 11월부터 2014년 2월까지 매월 간조기에 저서성 와편모류의 출현양상을 조사하고 주요 출현종의 28S rDNA 염기서열을 획득하여 분자계통학적 분석을 실시하였다. 연구기간동안 Gymnodiniales, Gonyaulacales, Peridiniales, Prorocentrales의 4개 목에 속하는 총 13속 27종의 저서성 와편모류가 출현하였고, Amphidinium 속이 9종으로 가장 다양한 종이 출현하였다. 동호를 비롯하여 서해안에 위치한 모항, 송호, 가마미와 제주 협재에서 분리한 저서성 와편모류 총 16종, 34개 종주에서 28S rDNA 염기서열 정보를 성공적으로 확보하였으며, 분자계통학적 분석에 이용하였다. Amphidinium에 속하는 종들은 Gymodiniales 목의 4개의 분기군 가운데 3개의 분기군에 걸쳐서 분지하여, 다계통학적(polyphyletic) 특성을 나타내었다. 28S rDNA염기서열을 이용한 유전적 거리를 비교한 결과 국내에서 출현한 Amphidinium mootonorum 종주들은 캐나다에서 분리한 종주와 19.2%의 유전적 차이를 보여 종내 변이가 출현 종들 가운데 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 해역에서 독성 와편모류인 Amphidinium carterae와 A. operculatum이 간헐적으로 출현하여 이들의 독성과 정량적인 모니터링이 추후에 필요하다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2005

부들종자는 종간에 차이가 없이 $20^{circ}$C에 비해 $25^{circ}$C와 $30^{circ}$C에서 더 높은 발아율을 보였고, 약광하에서 보다 강 광하에서 높은 발아율을 보였다. 발아 온도 20, 25, $30^{circ}$C에서 무처리 종자의 발아율은 가장 낮은 광도인 $7.5{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 에서 좀부들이 각각 4.3, 13.0, $7.3\%$였고, 애기부들 10.7, 22.7, $50.7\%$였다. 이에 비해 가장 높은 광도인 79.5${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$에서는 발아온도가 $30^{circ}$C일 경우에 좀부들은 $78.3\%$, 애기부들은 $88.7\%$의 높은 발아율을 보였다. NaOC1용액($4\%$ available chlorine) 처리는 낮은 온도 및 약 광에서의 발아를 크게 촉진시켰으며 발아시간을 단축시켰다. 무처리 종자의 경우 온도가 높아질수록 낮은 광도에서 발아율이 더 높아졌고 온도가 높아질수록 짧은 시간의 NaOC1 처리로 높은 발아율을 얻을 수 있었다. NaOC1 처리된 종자는 좀부들과 애기부들 모두 흙 표면 위에서 $100\%$의 발아율을 보였으나 무처리 종자는 각각 $40\%$와 $50\%$의 발아율 보였다. 복토깊이가 1cm 이상이 되면 1개월 이상 발아가 진행되지 않았다. 종자발아 과정은 중경이 먼저 길게 나온 다음, 중경 끝에서 초엽과 주근이 발생하고 다음으로 측근이 발생되는 양상을 보였다. 부들류의 종자에 있어서 NaOC1 처리에 의한 발아촉진 효과는 종피의 탈색과 부식으로 인한 광흡수의 증대에서 기인되는 것으로 추측된다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.578-592
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 수도권 지역 OC와 EC의 지역적, 계절적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 서울 은평구 불광동에 위치한 수도권 대기오염집중측정소에서 2014년 1월부터 12월까지 1년간 Semi-Continuous OC/EC Analyzer (Sunset Laboratory INC., USA)를 사용하여 $PM_{2.5}$ 중 OC와 EC를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 수도권 지역의 OC와 EC의 연평균 농도(${\mu}g/m^3$)는 각각 $4.1{\pm}2.7$, $1.6{\pm}1.0$으로 나타났다. 계절별로 살펴보면 봄: $4.0{\pm}2.2$, $1.8{\pm}0.8$; 여름: $3.6{\pm}2.7$, $1.4{\pm}0.9$; 가을: $3.6{\pm}2.4$, $1.3{\pm}0.9$; 겨울: $5.2{\pm}3.3$, $2.0{\pm}1.3$으로 나타나 겨울 > 봄 > 여름 > 가을 순으로 높은 농도를 나타냈으며, OC/EC 비는 2.4 ~ 3.4 수준으로 여름이 가장 높고 봄이 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다. 시간별 OC, EC 농도 변화를 살펴보면, 출 퇴근시간인 아침과 저녁에 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, OC/EC 비 역시 출 퇴근시간대의 교통량 증가로 인한 EC농도 증가로 인해 급격히 낮아지는 현상을 보여 수도권 지역의 탄소성 입자 농도에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것은 자동차와 같은 교통수단인 것으로 판단된다. 이번 연구를 통해 수도권 지역 탄소성분의 배출특성 및 계절별 특징, 농도 수준을 파악하고, 대기질 개선 정책의 효과적인 수립을 위한 과학적인 기초자료의 제공이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.51-63
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to be of use for getting rid of job stress from dental technicians, by examining how much they were stressed out at work place as one of the professional medical personnels. The subjects in this study were 255 selected dental technicians who were working in the region of Taegu. The one-on-one interview was conducted from March 1 to 30, 2001, with structured questionnaire. The questionnaire sued in this study included 19 question items about the general characteristics and 29 items regarding job stress. The job stress was categorized into seven subareas based on earlier studies and considering the job situations of dental technicians: heavy workload, job conflicts, improper treatment, role and job knowledge, human relations, physical environment and personal matters. The job stress extent was measured on five-point Likert scale that is widely used in social science: one point for no stress, two for little stress, three for so-so, four for a little stress, and five for severe stress. Therefore, a higher point means a severer job stress. The reliability of the questionnaire turned out very good with Cronbach a = 0.9272. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The general characteristics of the dental technicians investigated could be described as below: (1) By gender, 80.4% of the dental technicians were male, and 50.2%, the largest percentage, were in their 20s, followed by those in their 30s, those in their 40s, and those in their 50s in the order named. (2) The most common work place was dental technician shop(92.5%), followed by dental technology room in dental hospital or clinic and in general hospital in the order named. The primary duties were coating materials work(30.6%), followed by sculpture, grinding, partial and full denture and orthodontics in the order named. 2. The most larges (1) The most largest motivation to be a dental technician was its being a professional(33.7%), followed by the advice from others, their own aptitude, and good economic treatment in the order named. 3. Their job stress could be explained as below: (1) Their collective job stress average was 3.96$^{\circ}{\ae}$0.50 on the basis of 5 point, which showed that they were exposed to a fairly severe job stress. (2) By area, they were most stressed out from heavy workload (4.12), and they also were severely stressed from role and job knowledge(4.02) and personal matters(4.00). (3) By situation, they were most stressed when the disagreement of prosthesis that results from a specific error is unconditionally attributed to them(4.43). And they were also stressed a lot when their workload increases due to the rework(4.38), when a dentist asks something difficult for them to resolve(4.20), when heavy workload makes their working hours irregular and it's impossible to lead a personal life or have leisure time(4.16), and when they are o work for an excessively short time(4.16). This fact indicated that most of the dental technicians were exposed to a lot of stress in conjunction with job performance. 4. The main duties they took charge of didn't make any significant difference to their job stress, but yielded a significant difference to the extent of job stress in individual areas and the order of the most stressful one. Those who were engaged in grinding were most stressed from their own matters, whereas heavy workload was most stressful for those who were engaged in the other types of works. 5. As a result of seeing if their personal characteristics yielded any differences to job stress, the personal characteristics that made their job stress vary significantly were working hours, motivation of being a dental technician, job satisfaction and willingness to continue doing dental technology works. There was a tendency that longer working hours led to severer job stress, and those who chose to be a dental technician according to their own aptitude were less stressed than the others who became a dental technician because of economic reason or advices from others. And the people who were satisfied with their job were exposed to less job stress than the others who weren't, and those who had an intention to keep that job as much as possible were less stressed, compared to the others who hadn't.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.1-30
• /
• 2007

The study carried out a survey with employees of hospitals located in Daejeon, Chungnam, and Chungbuk from Sep. 12 to Sep. 30, 2005 in order to derive primary elements that affect the improvement of hospital's competitiveness. The study investigated and analyzed the employees' recognition on the change of competitive environment caused by the change of medical environment. The study also analyzed the elements that affect the hospital's competitiveness and the competitive strategies of the hospitals. The conclusion of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Summary 1) Most of the employees responded that there is a rival in the competitive environment and the competitive is intense. Especially when the employees are married, live in urban areas, have an education level of university graduate or are managers, they tend to think the competitive is very intense. Also, they said that the competitive is based upon the quality of medical service. They mentioned the element that has the biggest effect on the competitiveness is the element of medical consumer and they recognized that the medical services in university and general hospitals have more competitiveness than the one-department hospitals. 2) It was investigated that the medical technique service has the most effect on the hospital's competitiveness. Also, the external service of medical techniques also has a large effect on the hospital's competitiveness. 3) When they were asked for the factors that affect the patients' decision on selecting a hospital, most of them responded "capability and technique of the medical staffs." Also, they said that "sufficient explanation from doctors" and "special center and clinic" are the factors that have big effects on the patients' decision. 4) In the SWOT analysis, most of them responded that the strength is the hospital's characteristics and the weakness is insufficient and obsolete equipment. They said the opportunity is the demands for professional medical service and the risk is the intense competitive among the hospitals. 5) In the SWOT strategy, they emphasized the strategy that uses the opportunity and the strength and the strategy that uses the opportunity while overcoming the weakness. 6) As for the basic competition strategy, most of them thought of the strategy of professionalizing the medical service most importantly. Next, they focused on the strategy of distinct service and the strategy of lower prime cost. 2. Conclusion 1) Because service competition between hospitals is happening seriously, need competitiveness security through right awareness transfer and satisfaction upgrade about medical consumer. 2) For medical technique service upgrade that equip Hospital's competitiveness but affects most, must solidify the countermeasure because professionalizing the medical service and newest medical technique induction should be achieved first, and compose task force for the external service of medical techniques improvement. 3) To improve SWOT of hospital, opportunity and the strength strategy choice that rescue hospital's characteristics heightening professionalizing the medical service level is fancied. 4) As for the basic competition strategy, will have to try in phase triangular position of hospital which is trusted medical level upgrade and excellent manpower security and finance independence through upgrade. The study was only done with hospitals in Daejeon, Chungnam and Chungbuk. Also, it is a study from the side of suppliers of medical service so there are limitations. However, the significance of the study is to present the basic data for improvement of hospital's competitiveness by examining the importance of medical techniques and external service of medical techniques that are the main effects on the improvement of hospital's competitiveness.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제3권
• /
• pp.99-116
• /
• 1997

In response of the increasing demand for professional degree in nursing, some university in Korea offers RN-BSN program for R. N. from diploma in nursing. However, RN-BSN program in Korea is in formative period. Therefore, the purpose of this survey study is for the comparative analysis of RN-BSN curriculum in Korea and U.S.A. In this study, subjects consisted of 18 department of nursing in university and 5 RN-BSN programs in Korea and 18 department of nursing in university and 12 RN-BSN programs in U.S.A. For earn the degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, the student earns 134 of mean credits in U.S.A., whereas 150.3 of mean credits in Korea. The mean credit for clinical pratice is 30.1 in U.S.A., whereas 23.9 in Korea. Students are assigned to individually planned clinical experiences under the direction of a preceptor in U.S.A. In RN-BSN program, total mean credits through lecture and clinical practice for earn the degree of BSN is 35.5(lecture : 27.7, practice ; 7.8)in U.S.A., whereas,48.1 (lecture;42.1, practice;6.0) in Korea. RN-BSN program can be taken on a full-or-part time basis in U.S.A., whereas didn't in Korea. Especially, emphasis is place on the advanced nursing practicum that focus on the role of the professional nurse in providing health care to individuals, families, and groups in community setting in U.S.A. 27.7 of mean credits was earned through lecture in U.S.A., whereas 42.1 of mean credits in Korea. It means that RN-BSN program in Korea is the lesser development in teaching method and appraisal method than in U.S.A. Students of RN-BSN program in U.S.A. can earns credit through CLEP, NLN achievement test, portfolio review session etc as well as lecture. Therefore, the authors suggests some recommendations for the development of curriculum of RN-BSN program in Korea based on comparative analysis of RN-BSN curricula in U.S.A. and Korea. 1. The curriculum of RN-BSN Program in nursing was required to do some alterations. Nursing care, today, is complex and ever changing. According to change of public need, RN-BSN curriculum intensified primary care program in community setting, geriatric nursing, marketing skill, computer language. 2. The various and new methods of earning credit should be developed. That is, the students will earn credits through the transfer of previous nursing college credits, accredited examination of university, advanced placement examination, portfolio review session, case study, report, self-directed learning and so on. Flexible teaching place should ile offered. 3. Flexible teaching place should be offered. The RN-BSN curriculum should accommodate each RN student's geographical needs and school/work schedule. Therefore, the university should search a variety of teaching places and the RN students can obtain their degrees comfortably throughout the teaching place such as lecture room inside the health care agency and establishment of the branch school in each student's residence area. 4. The RN-BSN program should offer a long distance education to place-bound RN student in many parts of Korea. That is, from the main office of university, the RN-BSN courses are delivered to many areas by Internet, EdNet (satellite telecommunication) and other non-traditional methods. 5. For allowing RN student to take nursing courses, program length should be various, depending upon the student's study/work schedule. That is, the various term systems such as semester, three terms, quarter systems and the student's status like full time or part time should be considered. Therefore, the student can take advantage of the many other educational and professional opportunities, making them available during the school year.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.929-935
• /
• 2014

Two types of nanosized titanium dioxide, anatase ($anTiO_2$) and rutile ($rnTiO_2$), are widely used in industry, commercial products and biosystems. $TiO_2$ has been evaluated as a Group 2B carcinogen. Previous reports indicated that $anTiO_2$ is less toxic than $rnTiO_2$, however, under ultraviolet irradiation $anTiO_2$ is more toxic than $rnTiO_2$ in vitro because of differences in their crystal structures. In the present study, we compared the in vivo and in vitro toxic effects induced by $anTiO_2$ and $rnTiO_2$. Female SD rats were treated with $500{\mu}g/ml$ of $anTiO_2$ or $rnTiO_2$ suspensions by intra-pulmonary spraying 8 times over a two week period. In the lung, treatment with $anTiO_2$ or $rnTiO_2$ increased alveolar macrophage numbers and levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); these increases tended to be lower in the $anTiO_2$ treated group compared to the $rnTiO_2$ treated group. Expression of $MIP1{\alpha}$ mRNA and protein in lung tissues treated with $anTiO_2$ and $rnTiO_2$ was also significantly up-regulated, with $MIP1{\alpha}$ mRNA and protein expression significantly lower in the $anTiO_2$ group than in the $rnTiO_2$ group. In cell culture of primary alveolar macrophages (PAM) treated with $anTiO_2$ and $rnTiO_2$, expression of $MIP1{\alpha}$ mRNA in the PAM and protein in the culture media was significantly higher than in control cultures. Similarly to the in vivo results, $MIP1{\alpha}$ mRNA and protein expression was significantly lower in the $anTiO_2$ treated cultures compared to the $rnTiO_2$ treated cultures. Furthermore, conditioned cell culture media from PAM cultures treated with $anTiO_2$ had less effect on A549 cell proliferation compared to conditioned media from cultures treated with $rnTiO_2$. However, no significant difference was found in the toxicological effects on cell viability of ultra violet irradiated $anTiO_2$ and $rnTiO_2$. In conclusion, our results indicate that $anTiO_2$ is less potent in induction of alveolar macrophage infiltration, 8-OHdG and $MIP1{\alpha}$ expression in the lung, and growth stimulation of A549 cells in vitro than $rnTiO_2$.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.207-226
• /
• 1992

This study was designed to develop a conceptual framework for the curriculum and develop the details of the learning content for the education of Community Health Practitioners (CHPs). Since education programs for CHPs started 10 years ago, concepts related to CHP services have changed because of changes in society. The objectives of the study were as follows : 1) to analyse the usefulness of the present education program for CHPs, 2) to analyse the Job performance and self -confidence of the CHPs, 3) to identify the health needs of the clients served by the CHPs and the community problems related to health. 4) to develop a conceptual framework for the curriculum, for the education of CHPs, 5) to develops details for the learning content of the education program for CHPs. Phase I of the study was conducted by questionnaires to 150 CHPs who have worked in remote rural areas for more than 2 years. Among them, 147 responded. Data was collected from August 16, to August 25, 1990. In order to identify the health needs of the community people, research within the last five years was reviewed and analyzed. The data on 1, 842 communities gathered by the WHO Nursing Collaborations Center of the College of Nursing, Yonsei University was utilized to identify community problems related to health and the self - confidence in job performance of the CHPs. Psase II of the study consisted of a workshop with 13 professionals including Community Health Practitioners to evaluate the existing education program and a conceptual framework of the curriculum for the job education of CHPs. The results of the study are Summariged below : 1. The only 26 among 45 content items of the education program related to job skills was used by 80% of the responding CHPs. The knowledge of $\ulcorner$Networking community organization$\lrcorner$ was used by only 53.7% of the respondents. Educational content about $\ulcorner$Mental disease$\lrcorner$ was used by less than 50% of CHPs because of a knowledge deficit. 2. The CHPs reported that their activities concentrated on clinical services during the last six months. The survey showed that they seemed to neglect the activities for health promotion and disease prevention. Thus, $\ulcorner$Education for community loaders$\lrcorner$(15.9%), $\ulcorner$Activity for eavironmental health$\lrcorner$(16.3%) and $\ulcorner$Social work for needey people$\lrcorner$(23.3%) were done by less than 30% of CHPs. 3. More than 90% of CHPs reported being self - confident for the activities of $\ulcorner$Health education and counselling$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$Medicine prescription$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Immunization$\lrcorner$. But 50% of CHPs reported that they were not have self - confident in $\ulcorner$Management of water and environmental health$\lrcorner$ and only 25.6% of CHPs could insert an IUD independently. 4. It was identified that respiratory diseases and the gastrointestinal diseases were most common problems for the community people, followed by musculoskeletal and skin problems. 5. The community problems were classified into eight categories : physical environmental problems, environmental hygiene, health problems, health behavior, social problem, lack of resources, financial problem and the problems of the cultural and value system. 6. The conceptual framework consisted of the target population and their health status, nursing process working site and primary health care services such as health promotion, disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. 7. The contents of curriculum of education program for CHPs were formulated from the results of this study.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.527-536
• /
• 1996

동물플랑크톤이 쇄파대에서 어떻게 적응하여 살아가고 있는가를 연구하면서, 부유성 요각류 일곱 종의 주야 수평이동 양상을 조사하여 비교했다. 동해 영일만 쇄파대에서 수심 1m 되는 곳의 표층과 저층과 해변가 세 곳을 썰매형 네트로 채집했다(총시료수=108개). 쇄파대 요각류 집단은 일곱 종 (Acartia hudsonica, Fseudodiaptomus marinu, Paracalanus indicus, Calanus sinicus, Oithena similis, Sinocalanus tenellus, Labidocera bipinnata)이 우점했다. 쇄파대 요각류의 주${\cdot}$야간 생물량 차는 약 세 배였다. 표층에서 채집한 전체 요각류와 우점하는 일곱 종의 생물량은 주간보다 야간에 모두 유의하게 많았다. 하지만, 저층에서 주${\cdot}$야간 생물량의 차는 모두 유의하지 않았다. 이 연구에서 쇄파대 요각류의 약 $90\%$가 주야 수평이동하는 것을 밝혔다. 조금때 바람이 육지에서 바다쪽으로 불었지만, 표층에서 야간에 요각류 밀도가 높게 나타났다. 요각류가 해류에 따라 수동적으로 운반되지 않더라도 능동적으로 수평 방향을 유지하여 헤엄칠 수 있는 능력을 갖고 있기 때문인 듯하다. 요각류는 상대 조도의 변화에 따라 광반응 행동을 하고, 그래서 야간에 쇄파대에 모였다가 주간에 흩어지게 하는 주야 수평이동이 나타난 것 같다. 주야 수평이동은 요각류가 시각 포식자와 마주칠 기회를 줄일 것이다. A. hudsonica가 개체발생 단계별로 이동시각을 달리한 것은 발생단계에 따라 광반응 행동이 다르기 때문에 나타난 현상인 듯하다. 결과적으로 이것이 먹이를 둘러싼 종내 경쟁을 줄일 것 같다. 요각류 이동 자료에서 A. hudsonica, P. indicus, O. similis, S. tenellus 네종은 한 시간 이상 유영속도를 $20m\;h^{-1}$으로 유지할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 쇄파대에서 요각류가 차지하는 중요도를 바로 알려면, 주야 생물량이 매우 다르므로 주간과 야간 채집을 함께 해야 한다.