• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.287-307
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• 2012

We empirically examine the price discovery dynamics among the VKOSPI, the KOSPI200 spot, and the KOSPI200 futures markets. The analysis employs the vector-autoregression, Granger causality, impulse response function, and variance decomposition using both daily data from 2009. 04. 13 to 2011. 12. 30 and 1 minute data from the bull market, bear market, and the flat period. The main results are as follows; First, the lead lag relationships between KOSPI200 spot(futures) yield VKOSPI returns could not be found from the daily data analysis. But KOSPI200 spot(futures) have a predictive power for VKOSPI from 1 minute data. Especially KOSPI200 spot(futures) and VKOSPI show the bi-directional effects to each other during the return rising period Second, We chose the VAR(1) the model in daily data but adopt the VAR(3) model in the one minute data to determine the lead lag time. We know that there is predictability during the very short period Third, Spot returns and futures returns makes no difference in daily data results. According to the one minite data results, VKOSPI returns have a predictive power for KOSPI200 spot return, but have no predictive power for KOSPI200 futures return.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.211-222
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to derive a plan to improve the standard of survey cost, which is a system for estimating survey cost operated by the National Geographic Information Institute. The current standard has not been revised significantly since the initial enactment. However, in the situation where the survey industry is getting worse, the actualization of the standard is an urgent task for training engineers and industrial development. In this study, in order to break the problems of the standard and to derive improvement plan, we analyzed the outline, basic characteristics, and history of the standard and compared it with similar domestic ones. We collected opinions from the government and the industry through a survey, and verified labor cost and overhead rates. The conclusions are as follows. First, it is necessary to complement standard for production rate that directly affects direct cost, and to compensate for the missing items in the direct cost. Second, when compared with cost standards in foreign countries and cadastre field, the labor cost in survey field was found to be very low and improvement is needed. Third, the overhead rates were assessed to be appropriate, and the problem of improper overhead design should be coped with by strengthening education and promotion. Fourth, it is necessary to consider the introduction of deliberation committee or standard market price system for rapid response to new technologies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-104
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• 2018

In this paper, we compare the spread effects of the carbon tax imposition method using the real business cycle model considering the productivity and energy price shocks. Scenario 1 sets the carbon tax rate that encourages the representative firm to maintain a constant $CO_2$ reduction ratio in accordance with its green house gas reduction targets for each period. Scenario 2 sets the method of imposing the steady state value of the carbon tax rate of Scenario 1 during the analysis period. The impulse response analysis shows that the responses of $CO_2$ emissions to external shocks are relatively sensitive in scenario 2. And simulation results show that the cost of $CO_2$ abatement is more volatile in scenario 1, and $CO_2$ emissions and $CO_2$ stock are more volatile in scenario 2. In particular, the percentage changes in volatility between the two scenarios of $CO_2$ emissions and $CO_2$ stock increase as the green house gas reduction target is harder. When the green house gas reduction target is 60% and over, the percentage changes(absolute value) between the two scenarios exceed the percentage change(absolute value) of the $CO_2$ reduction cost between them.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-34
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• 2001

This paper is to analyze how firms in a large firm-led industrial city have carried out the restructuring in the face of radical shifts, with focus on the strategy and the restructuring of firms in Ulsan, a typical industrial district in Korea that is specialized in heavy & chemical industry. It has been well known that the local economy has been led by a small number of large firms, including affiliates of chaebol, and its industrial structure has also been characterised as a clear dichotomy between large firms as a customer and small and medium-size firms as a supplier, which can be called not horizontal but vertical relations. It can identify some tendencies, however, that local companies have been rather dynamically changing in response to increasingly turbulent environment since the Asian crisis. Some are radical, but some incremental. These can be summarized in four distinctive but interlinked ways. First, more than half of local companies surveyed have attempted to change their production systems, mainly from the fordist mass production towards the flexible mass production, seeking both economies of scale and scope. Second, local firms have vigorously continued to reorganize the boundary of the production and the organization, by specializing products and focusing on the core competence in order to save costs and cope with radically changing customer demands in a flexible way. Third, there have been various strategies for the organizational innovation such as the introduction of team organization, the boundary blurring between the managerial and production workers and the intra-firm spin-offs, so as to improve managerial efficiency and competence in the use of internal labour market. Finally, they have tried to be more sensitive to the market and customers. These tendencies seem to be increasingly critical to sustain their competitiveness. To do so, they tend to focus increasingly not only on the competing via the product quality rather than through price, but also to seek to diversify the market and customer firms beyond national boundary.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.55-62
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• 2005

Recently, the opening of the world economy and regional ization of national demand endless endeavors and investments to upbring design-industry for regional economic development. Our domestic commodities, declined in price competitiveness against China and Southeast Asian nations, need construction of brand image of commodities and consumers' response through expanded concernments in marketing spheres. The design-industry is a important means to strengthen competitiveness of the domestic industry through discrimination of commodities and creativity of high added value. Design-industry has some problems in circumstances; commodity development and marketing are below the level in the sphere of manufacture industry yet and businessmen are unwilling to invest demanded for development of new design. Establishment of the personal foundation, useful for accumulating competent designers' experiences and technologies, can not pass limit. In addition, a system and a policy to protect design-industry have a problem in effectiveness. Concrete strategies to activate design industry which meets social and cultural circumstances of Daegu and Gyeongbuk region are to establish policy for construction of specialists' infra, systematization of study & development of design, common ownership of information on design, and expansion of design company. The business to upbring design in the region should be operated to develop competitive commodities which is helpful to the regional economy and to increase value of the regional enterprises' brand. In addition, foundation of design should be expanded personal, material, and informational infra through design-centered so that they are helpful to activate economy of Daegu and Gyeongbuk through making design reformational cluster.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.42-54
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• 2019

The solar and wind power is spreading as a means to $CO_2$ reduction, but it has the characteristics of the volatility depending on the weather changes. This article aims to estimate the additional integration costs in Korea electric system in response to such volatility of increasing solar and wind power generation, using Korea electric power trading analyzer(KEPTA). The analysis utilizes the statistics of "8th Basic Plan for Long-term Electricity Supply and Demand" and "Renewable Energy Plan 3020". As the results, integration costs will be estimated 13.94Won/kWh~32.55Won/kWh, consisting of 8.94Won/kWh as back-up costs, 1.03Won/kWh~4.45Won/kWh as balancing costs, and 3.97Won/kWh~19.16Won/kWh as grid-costs. These results suggest that when the integration costs are secured, Korea electric system will be expected in the stable situation. This article leaves the further studies with taking the technological development of solar and wind power generation, the introduction of energy storage system, and wholesale price of electricity into consideration.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.255-264
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• 2013

This research was conducted to analyze parents' attitudes on the issues related to the Smart Education Initiative Korea. The questions included the usefulness of major digital tools for educational purposes, knowledge on the Smart Education, necessity for better educational methods, and Bring Your Own Devices (BYOD) policy. A total of 432 response cases from the parents were analyzed considering the parents' age, academic level, and income. As a result, parents regarded desktop PCs as more effective tools for learning when compared to tablet PCs. Meanwhile, mobile devices and SNSs were hardly considered as instructional tools. Second, familarity and understanding of the Smart Education were proportional to household income and mothers' education levels. Third, parents needed for the change in educational methods and agreed with the importance of students' self-regulated learning, collaboration, inquiry ability and creativity. Fourth, regarding BYOD, parents were willing to buy devices with a reasonable price. In conclusion, it is required to reflect the results of the study when implementing the Smart Education throughout the nation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.887-894
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• 2018

An electric vehicle is emerging as an alternative to the response of global climate change and sustainability. However, an Electric vehicle has not been popular due to the constraints such as its price or technical limitations. In order to analyze the effect of purchasing electric vehicles, this study conducted a binary logistic regression model that demonstrates the relation between purchasing and influencing variables. Variables which have high correlation were excluded from the model through the correlation analysis to prevent multicollinearity. Socio-economic variables such as the number of owned vehicles, sex, ages are not significant. On the other hand, Variables related to prices, charging and policy are found to have a significant to effect on the purchase of electric vehicles. In accordance with the model estimated result, it seems to be necessary to improve the charging incentives, or to provide electric car information and to expand opportunities for experience electric vehicles. The result is also expected to be helpful for spreading electric vehicles and formulating policies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.175-181
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• 2019

In the case of a conventional single stage decompression regulator used for large depressurization in the hydrogen fuel cell system of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), problems can arise, such as pulsation, slow response, hydrogen brittleness, leakage, high weight, and high cost due to high decompression. Most of these problems can be overcome easily using two decompression mechanisms (two-stage structures). In addition, a wide outlet-pressure control range can be secured if an electronic solenoid is applied to the second decompression. Accordingly, it is necessary to improve the precision of the outlet pressure of a two-stage pressure-reducing regulator and develop techniques, such as leakage prevention, durability, light weight, and price reduction. Therefore, to improve the outlet pressure accuracy and prevent leakage, the structural part before and after decompression to improve the air tightness were divided and the analysis was carried out assuming that the valve part was closed (open ratio: 0%) after each initial internal pressure application.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.51-57
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• 2021

If a company's actions to save or avoid taxes are judged to be tax evasion rather than legal tax action by the tax authorities, the company will not only pay tax but also non-tax costs such as damage to corporate image and stock price decline due to a series of tax evasion-related news articles. Therefore, this study measures the frequency of occurrence of tax evasion controversial keywords in internet news portal as a factor to measure the severity of the case, and analyzes the effect of the frequency of occurrence on corporate value. In the Korean stock market, we crawl related articles from internet news portal by using keywords that are controversial for tax evasion targeting top companies based on market capitalization, and generate a time series of the frequency of occurrence of keywords about tax evasion by company and analyze the effect of frequency of appearance on book value versus market capitalization. Through panel regression and impulse response analysis, it is analyzed that the frequency of appearance has a negative effect on the market capitalization and the effect gradually decreases until 12 months. This study examines whether the tax evasion issue affects the corporate value of Korean companies and suggests that it is necessary to take these influences into account when entrepreneurs set up tax-planning schemes.