• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2018

본 연구는 조현병 입원환자를 대상으로 대사증후군 위험성 정도를 파악하고 관련요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 상관 관계연구이다. 연구대상자는 G 광역시에 위치한 G 정신병원 조현병 입원환자 127명이다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0을 이용하여 기술통계, ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과 대사증후군 유병율은 46.5%로 높게 나타났다. 대상자의 대사증후군은 신체질환 유무(${\chi}^2=11.51$, p<.001), 체질량 지수(${\chi}^2=13.59$, p<.001), 비만 인식(${\chi}^2=8.38$, p<.001), 올란자핀 복용(${\chi}^2=6.31$, p<.05)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 회귀분석 결과, 대사증후군 발생 위험도는 신체질환이 있는 경우 3.65배(95% CI=1.68~7.92), 체질량지수가 23이상인 경우 3.76배(95% CI=1.39~10.14), 올란자핀을 복용하는 경우 3.05배(95% CI=1.02~9.10) 더 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 모형의 설명력은 총 29.1%로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 확인된 조현병 입원환자의 대사증후군 관련요인을 토대로 체계적인 대사증후군 관리와 예방을 위한 간호중재의 개발 및 제공이 요구된다.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.199-218
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• 2005

이 연구는 우리나라 20세 이상 성인에서의 대사증후군 유병률을 파악하고 보건의식행태와 대사증후군간의 상관관계를 분석함으로써 대사증후군의 예방 및 치료를 위한 보건교육·건강증진 프로그램의 기초자료로 활용코자 시행되었다. 연구재료로 1998년 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 20세 이상 성인 24,469명 중 건강검진조사를 받았고 건강면접조사, 보건의식행태조사, 식생활조사에 응답한 7,854명의 조사결과를 활용하였으며, 2001년 미국에서 발포된 제 3차 콜레스테롤 관리지침(NCEP-ATP3)에서 제시된 대사증후군 진단기준 및 WH0 아시아/태평양지역 허리둘레를 기준으로 대사증후군 유병률을 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 우리나라 20세이상 성인의 대사증후군 유병률은, NCEP-ATP3 기준에서 13.3%(남자 10.1%, 여자 16.0%), 아시아/태평양지역기준에서 19.8%(남자 16.7%, 여자 22.4%)로 아시아/태평양지역 기준에서, 남자보다는 여자에서 더 높았다. 대사증후군 진단항목 중복부비만, 저 HDL-콜레스테롤의 유병를은 여자에서, 고중성지방혈증, 공복시고혈당 유병률은 남자에서 더 높았고, 연령이 증가할수록 대사증후군의 유병률이 증가하였다. 또 대사증후근 진단할목의 보유경향은 ATP3진단기준에서 남자는 복부비만을 제외한 4개항목을 70%이상에서, 특히 고중성지방혈증은 95.0%에서 보유하였다 여자는 저HDL-콜레스테롤과 고중성지방혈증을 70%이상에서 보유하였다. 아시아/태평양 진단기준에서는 남자의 경우 고중성지방혈증을 88.0%에서, 여자의 경우 복부비만 및 저 HDL-콜레스테롤을 80%이상에서 보유하고 있었다. 대사증후군과 보건의식행태 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 교육수준이 낮을수록, 결혼하지 않은 사람에 비해 결혼한 사람에서대사증후군 위험이 증가하였으며, BMI가 증가할수록 대사증후군 위험이 급격히 증가하였고, 고혈압·뇌졸중, 당뇨병 가족력이 있는 남자에서 대사증후군 위험이 증가하였다. 또 스스로 건강하지 않다고 생각하는 사람일수록 현재 흡연자의 PACK- YEAR가높을수록, 자주 술을 마실수록, )회 음주량이 많을수록, 과음빈도가 많을수록 대사증후근 위험이 증가하였으며, 알코올 의존 경향이 있는 경우에서도 유의한 결과를 보였다. 최근 1년간 체중이 감소 혹은 증가된 경우에서 유의한 결과를 보였으며, 체증감소정도가 클수록 대사증후군 위험이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 우리나라 성인의 대사증후군 유병률은 비교적 높으며 대사증후근의 발생에는 보건의식행태, 특히 음주 흡연비만 연령 교육수준 등이 밀접하게 관여한다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 앞으로 대사증후군의 예방을 위한 건강증진 프로그램의 기획 및 치료방침 수립을 위해서는 우리 나라대사증후군의 유병에 영향을 미치는 진단기준항목 및 관련요인의 상호 연관성, 우리나라에 적합한 진단기준 설정 등에 대한 지속적이고 깊이 있는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제44권4호통권316호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

현재, 우리나라 당뇨병의 유병률은 빠른 속도로 증가하고 있으며 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길수록 각종 합병증이 발생하여 더욱 심각한 증상을 나타내는데, 그 중 비만 및 고혈당, 당대사장애로 인한 당뇨병성 혈관합병증과 말초 혈관 경화증이 많이 발병하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 광혈류량 측정법(Photoplethysmography)으로 손가락 및 발가락에서 얻어진 맥파의 2차 미분분석을 통해 연령이 비슷한 정상인 50명과 당뇨병으로 확진된 50명의 말초 혈관 탄성도를 객관적으로 비교하고자 하였다. PPG 파형의 2차 미분 분석에 사용되는 평가 인자는 a, b, c, d, e 이고, b/a는 혈관의 탄성도를 의미하며 탄성도가 떨어질수록 b/a의 절대 값은 감소하게 된다. 정상인 50명의 PPG 2차 미분 b/a값은 $-1.09{\pm}0.14$, 당뇨병 환자 50명의 PPG 2차 미분 b/a값은 $-0.81{\pm}0.09$로 정상인에 비해 당뇨병 환장의 말초혈관 탄성도가 감소하였으며, Independent t-test 검정 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 본 연구에서는 PPG 파형의 2차 미분 분석을 통하여 정상인과 혈관합병증 발병율이 높은 당뇨병 환자의 말초혈관 탄성도를 비교하였으며, 향후 비침습적이고 간단한 방법으로 당뇨병 환자의 말초혈관 탄성도와 혈관 경화정도를 객관적으로 평가하고 진단함으로써 당뇨병 환자들의 심혈관계질환 사전예방과 치료효과 판정에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2008

Recently, the major viral diseases, Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bronchitis (IB), low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), avian pneumovirus infection (APV), Marek's disease (MD) and infectious bursal disease (IBD), have led to huge economic losses in chicken industry of Korea. To evaluate prevalence of the major viral disease infections in broiler breeder and broiler farms, epidemiological survey has been conducted in Jeonbuk province from 2005 to 2007 by serological ELISA test for APV, PCR for MD, and RT-PCR for ND, IB, LPAI and IBD, respectively. A total of 424 cases was submitted to our laboratory for diagnosis of the major viral disease from broiler breeder and broiler farms in the above period. The diagnosed results were analysed for the detection rate of infections on basis of years, seasons and ages, respectively. This study was showed that the detection rates of ND and APV were considerably high for every years regardless of seasons and ages in both broiler breeder and commercial broiler. In comparison with detection rates of ND and APV, IB and LPAI were lower but detected around 10% for every years. Especially, detection rate of IB was significantly high in commercial broiler than in broiler breeder. Therefore, to minimize economic losses for broiler breeder and broiler farms, it will need for effective countermeasures to decrease detection rate of the viral respiratory diseases. Although the detection rates of MD and IBD were gradually decreased from 2005 to 2007 in both broiler breeder and commercial broiler, it will continually make an effort about disease control for increasing productivity in chicken industry.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2002

This study was done to determine the factors associated with childhood overweight in 721 sixth grade elementary school students, in Busan. The students' heights, weights, waist circumferences and triceps-skinfold thicknesses were measured using standard techniques. Other data were collected using a questionnaire that included information about physical activity, television watching, and the amount of exorcise taken during leisure times, family history of diseases related to obesity: social data including family income, parents'education and occupations, eating behaviors; parental weights and heights; and parental activity levels. Childhood overweight was defined as a body mass index at or above the 85th percentile for age and sex. The prevalence of overweight revealed no significant difference between sexes, (24.2% in boys and 22.03% in girls). The risk of childhood overweight was significantly greater if either the mother or the father were overweight. The odds ratio for childhood overweight associated with maternal overweight was 5.045 (94% CI : 3.262-7.801), and 2.727 (95% CI : 1.764-4.218) was the case for parental overweight. Children having a history of hear diseases had higher odds ratios than those who did not. The odds ratios for overweight associated with income were not different. However, a higher odds ratio for overweight was observed in children whose fathers had only an elementary or middle school education than those whore fathers had a high school or college education. Children whose fathers' occupations were service workers or shopkeepers (OR : 3.314, 95% C = 1.851-5.934) or had no occupation (OR = 3.756, 95% CI : 1.898-7.430) had a treater risk of overweight than those whose fathers'were professionals or once workers. The risk of overweight increased in children having more irregular meal times and faster eating times, rather than those having an intake pattern of high energy and sugar containing floods. The amount of exercise taken during leisure times, and daily physical activity showed no difference between overweight and non-overweight children. However, television watching time, especially on weekends, was greater in overweight children than in non-overweight children. Television watching time was positively correlated with BMI, triceps-skin(31d thickness, waist circumference and waist/height ratio. Therefore, television watching was found to be a useful predictor of overweight in children. Television watching in children was negatively related to paternal activity levels, and positively related to parental television watching time. In fact, fathers whose children were overweight were physically less active than fathers whose children were non-overweight. Parents appeared to be a strong influence on their children's physical activity levels. In conclusion, a low family social class, defined on the basis of the father's occupation or education, parental overweight, increased television watching, and unhealthy physical activity levels in parents were all considered risk factors for childhood overweight. Among these, television watching time and lack of physical activity were considered to be the most important risk factors that could be easily modified for the prevention of and intervention in, overweight in children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the anthropometric data, serum profiles, and nutrient intakes of high school students who are living in Seoul. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 174.1 cm and 66.6 kg in 99 male and 161.4 cm and 54.0 kg in 116 female students. Mean BMl for male and female students were 21.9 and 22.3 kg/$m^2$, and subjects with BMI > 25 kg/$m^2$ were 14 and 7%, respectively. Total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol of subjects were 149.6$\pm 3.1,\; 46.4 \pm 1.3,\; 86.4 \pm 2.3$,/TEX> mg/dl for males and 169.2 $\pm 3.1,\;50.7 \pm 1.0,\; 100.9 \pm 2.7 mg/dl$ for females, respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were 12.8 $\pm 0.1 g/dl, \;437.3 \pm 7.2\mug/dl\; in\; male\; and\; 11.9 \pm 0.1 g/dl,\; 439.4 \pm 5.7\mug/dl$ in female, respectively. Based on Hb classification, 45.6% of male and 45.0% of female students fell into anemic condition. Intakes of energy, Ca, Fe, Zn, riboflavin, and folate were below the Korean RDA. In particular Ca (male and female, respectively, 64.6 and 64.3% RDA) and Fe (male and female, respectively, 78.6 and 64.3% RDA) intakes were extremely low. Serum triglyceride was positively significantly correlated with weight (r =0.22), BMI (r =0.279), waist circumference (WC, r =0.235), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF, r =0.197) and obesity index (OI, r =0.279). Hb concentration was positively correlated with height (r + 0.387), weight (r =0.349), BMI (r =0.191) and waistlhip ratio (WHR, r =0.380). As for the correlation between serum profiles and nutrient intakes, the Hb concentration was positively correlated with energy (r =0.163), protein (r =0.149), Na (r =0.153), vitamin A (r =0.165), thiamin (r =0.201) and niacin (r =0.192, p < 0.01). These result suggest that the prevalence of Ca and Fe deficiency of student is high and dietary guideline for prevent anemia in this age needs to contain the adequate intake of energy and its related vitamins.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.431-445
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• 2000

In general the prevalence of old people is high and frequently have multiple diseases and symtoms requiring treatment. The nature of illness in the elderly has to be faced, and drugs do have an important part in the treatment of that illness. The purpose of this study were to describe health status and medication, and to provide some basic data for elderly's health education, especially for the right medication. Body mass index, self perceived health status, activities of daily living, disease and experience of past operation were surveyed to recognize the 249 elderly's actual health status. The degree of the elderly's understanding the way of medication, experience of side effects, experience of drug combination and incidence of drug adverse reaction along with drug combination were examined for medication. The aged $women(BMI; 10.7\pm13.3\%)$ overweighed the aged $men(BMI; 4.0\pm10.4\%)$. $69.0\%$ of them recognized their health good. Their activities of daily living were diminished following by the age group(p=0.0068) and relationship with self perceived health status were very significant(p=0.0005). They(192 elderly) suffered from multiple disease such as $osteoarthritis(49.5\%)$, $hypertension(32.0\%)$, gastric $disorder(16.1%)$, $diabetes(14.6\%)$, $osteomalacia(10.9\%)$, cardiovascular $disease(9.9\%)$, senile $cataract(5.7\%)$, skin $rash(5.2\%)$, liver $disease(4.2\%)$, kidney $disease(3.6\%)$, spinal cord $problem(3.6\%)$, respiratory $disease(2.1\%)$ $tuberculosis(1.0\%)\;etc(1.0\%).$ $28.3\%$ of them replied that they had an operation for appendictis senile cataract, peptic ulcer, spinal cord problem, pleurisy, hemorrhoid and the rest. Most of $them(87.4\%)$ knew the way very well how to use drugs, and $21.6\%$ of the replied 171 elderly experienced adverse drug reaction. Drug compliance rate were $high(83.6\%)$. In our study 56.9% of the 167 elderly took several medicine together. And $18.9\%$ of the 95 elderly who did drug combination had an experience of drug interaction. One person kept average 5.5 kinds of drugs at home among 243 elderly. They kept $digestives(79.4\%)$, $ointments(68.7\%)$, $vitamins(59.7\%)$, $analgesics(59.7\%)$, cold $medicines(45.3\%)$ antiarthritic $drugs(33.3\%)$, health $foods(27.7\%)$, antihypertensive $drugs(25.1\%)$, anti peptic ulcer $drugs(24.7\%)$, $laxatives(19.8\%)$, $antacids(16.5\%),\;antibiotics(l6.5\%)$, hypoglycemic $agents(10.3\%)$, cardiac $stimulants(7.0\%)$, $diuretics(4.5\%)$, antiarrhythmic $drugs(4.9\%)$, anti anginal $drugs(4.1\%)$, $hypnotics(3.3\%)$, $etc(38.3\%)$. With this result, we ascertain that polypharmacy in the elderly caused by multiple disease is common, which lead to drug interaction. So our task is to educate elderly how to use drugs in order to maximize their efficiency and to minimize their adverse effects.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.402-411
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• 2006

측두하악장애 환자 중 하악과두의 퇴행성 골 변화를 보이는 환자의 분포와 임상적 특징을 규명하고자 측두하악장애로 진단받은 6,070명의 환자들을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 환자들의 초진 시 파노라마와 TMJ 파노라마 사진을 관찰하여 하악과두의 퇴행성 골 변화 유무를 기준으로 환자들을 퇴행성 골 변화를 보이는 군(DJD군)과 골 변화를 보이지 않는 군(non-DJD군)으로 나누고, 환자들의 초진 의무기록을 바탕으로 두 군 간의 특징을 비교, 분석하였으며, 각종 변수들이 DJD 발병에 미치는 상대적 위험성을 측정하기 위하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구결과 전체 환자 중 DJD군에 속한 환자는 31.7%였고, non-DJD군에 속하는 환자는 68.3%였다. DJD군은 성별에 따라 다른 분포를 보여 남자보다 여자의 이환율이 높았고, 10대와 20대에서 가장 높은 분포를 보였다. 환자의 내원 주소 중에서는 전치부 개방교합, 턱의 후퇴감, 안모 비대칭, 개구장애를 주소로 내원한 환자가 다른 주소로 내원한 환자들에 비해 DJD를 보일 위험성이 높았으며, 교정치료 경력이나 중심 위-중심교합위 변위 그리고 염발음을 보이는 환자도 DJD군에 속할 위험성이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 측두하악장애를 가진 환자 중 30세 이하의 여성이 위와 같은 임상적 특징을 보이는 경우, 교정치료를 계획할 때 DJD에 이환 되었을 가능성에 대하여 충분히 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2018

Purpose: Many researchers have established a connection between sleep disturbances and the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in adults, but there are a few studies targeted at adolescents with TMD. The aim of this study was to analyze the sleep pattern of adolescents with TMD and to determine the effect of poor sleep quality on their clinical symptoms. Methods: The subjects were composed of 47 adolescents with TMD. The sleep pattern and preliminary information of patients were measured by self-reported questionnaires; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Questionnaire for TMD analysis. TMD pain was scored using the Numerical Rating Scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The poor sleeping group had statistically more females (25.00% males, 75.00% females) than the good sleeping group. As compared with that of good sleepers, sleep quality of poor sleepers was significantly worse in the items of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction and global PSQI score. The sleep time of adolescents was much longer during vacation ($7.20{\pm}1.38hours$) than during school days ($6.10{\pm}1.26hours$). Poor sleep of patients was associated with the pain in the ear or in front of the ear, in the face, jaw, throat or temple and in neck or back. Adolescents with pain in those areas had significantly higher proportion of poor sleepers than adolescents with no pain in those areas. Conclusions: The high ratio of girls in poor sleeping group could reflect the greater prevalence of TMD in women than in men. Pain in peri-temporomandibular joint areas, neck or back could negatively influence sleep quality of adolescents with TMD.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

Objectives Osteoporosis is a common disease in adults with prevalence rate of more than 40%, and occurs more to female than to male. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of Bia-hwan ($F{\acute{e}}i{\acute{e}}r$-$w{\acute{a}}n$) on the osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats. Methods 24 female rats were randomly assigned to a SHAM group, a control group, and a BAH group. Ovaries of the control group and the BAH group were extracted. After than, general animal feed were given to the SHAM group and the control group, animal feed contained BAH were given to the BAH group through mouths of them. After 8 weeks, rats were sacrificed and their weight, calcium, phosphorus, estradiol, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, ALP, albumin, AST, ALT, the weight of femur and tibia ash per body ratio, both area and thickness of trabecular bone, the area of osteoblast and the number of osteoclast were measured. Results The level of calcium, phosphorus, AST in the serum of the BAH group increased significantly compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the control group and the BAH group in the level of estradiol, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, ALP, albumin, and ALT in the serum. There was no significant difference between the control group and the BAH group in the weight of femur and tibia ash per body ratio. The thickness of trabecular of the BAH group increased significantly compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference in the trabecular area. The area of osteoblast and the number of osteoclast of the BAH group decreased significantly compared to the control group. Conclusions From the results of the above study, oral intake of BAH can inhibit the decrease of calcium, phosphorus in blood and prevent the thinning process of the trabecular by suppressing activation of osteoclast. Thus, BAH may have effects on the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.