Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
권호 표지

Television Watering, Family Social Class, Parental Overweight, and Parental Physical Activity Levels in Relation to Childhood Overweight

아동기 과체중 위험 인자로서의 TV시청시간, 사회계층요인, 부모의 과체중 및 부모의 활동수준

  • 윤군애 (동의대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2002.04.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was done to determine the factors associated with childhood overweight in 721 sixth grade elementary school students, in Busan. The students' heights, weights, waist circumferences and triceps-skinfold thicknesses were measured using standard techniques. Other data were collected using a questionnaire that included information about physical activity, television watching, and the amount of exorcise taken during leisure times, family history of diseases related to obesity: social data including family income, parents'education and occupations, eating behaviors; parental weights and heights; and parental activity levels. Childhood overweight was defined as a body mass index at or above the 85th percentile for age and sex. The prevalence of overweight revealed no significant difference between sexes, (24.2% in boys and 22.03% in girls). The risk of childhood overweight was significantly greater if either the mother or the father were overweight. The odds ratio for childhood overweight associated with maternal overweight was 5.045 (94% CI : 3.262-7.801), and 2.727 (95% CI : 1.764-4.218) was the case for parental overweight. Children having a history of hear diseases had higher odds ratios than those who did not. The odds ratios for overweight associated with income were not different. However, a higher odds ratio for overweight was observed in children whose fathers had only an elementary or middle school education than those whore fathers had a high school or college education. Children whose fathers' occupations were service workers or shopkeepers (OR : 3.314, 95% C = 1.851-5.934) or had no occupation (OR = 3.756, 95% CI : 1.898-7.430) had a treater risk of overweight than those whose fathers'were professionals or once workers. The risk of overweight increased in children having more irregular meal times and faster eating times, rather than those having an intake pattern of high energy and sugar containing floods. The amount of exercise taken during leisure times, and daily physical activity showed no difference between overweight and non-overweight children. However, television watching time, especially on weekends, was greater in overweight children than in non-overweight children. Television watching time was positively correlated with BMI, triceps-skin(31d thickness, waist circumference and waist/height ratio. Therefore, television watching was found to be a useful predictor of overweight in children. Television watching in children was negatively related to paternal activity levels, and positively related to parental television watching time. In fact, fathers whose children were overweight were physically less active than fathers whose children were non-overweight. Parents appeared to be a strong influence on their children's physical activity levels. In conclusion, a low family social class, defined on the basis of the father's occupation or education, parental overweight, increased television watching, and unhealthy physical activity levels in parents were all considered risk factors for childhood overweight. Among these, television watching time and lack of physical activity were considered to be the most important risk factors that could be easily modified for the prevention of and intervention in, overweight in children.

Keywords

References

  1. Bouchard C, Perusse L, Leblanc C, Tremblay A, Thierault G (1988): Inheritance of the amount and distribution of human body fat. Int J Obesity 12: 205-215
  2. Bouchard C (1990): The response to long-term overfeeding in identical twins. N Engl J Med 322: 1477-1482
  3. Bouchard C, Tremblay A (1990): Genetic effects in human energy expenditure components. Int J Obesity 14(Suppl 1): 49-55
  4. Braddon FE, Wadsworth ME, Davies JM, Cripps HA (1988): Social and regional differences in food and alcohol consumption and their measurement in a national birth cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 42: 341-349
  5. Bray GA (1996): Obesity In: Ziegler EE, Filer LS, ed., Present Knowledge in Nutrition, pp.23-38, International Life Sciences Institute, Washington DC
  6. Coakley EH, Rimm EB, Colditz G, Kawachi I, Willett W (1998): Predictors of weight change in men: results from the Health Professionals Follow-up Stuty. Int J Obesity 22: 89-96
  7. Dietz WH, Gortmaker SL (1985): Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 75: 807-812
  8. Dietz WH (1991): Physical activity and childhood obesity. Nutrition 7: 295-296
  9. Dietz WH (1996): The role of lifestyle in health: the epidemiology and consequences of inactivity. Proc Nutr Soc 20: 236-244
  10. Freedman DS, Serdula MK, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS (1999): Relation of circumferences and skinfold thicknesses to lipid and insulin concentrations in children and adolescents: the Bogalu-sa Heart study. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 308-317
  11. Goran MI, Hunter G, Nagy TR, Johnson (1997): Physical activity related energy expenditure and fat mass in young children. Int J Obesity 21: 171-178
  12. Gormaker SL, Must A, Sobol AM, Peterson K, Colditz GA, Dietz WH (1996): Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 150: 356-362
  13. Gottlieb NH, Chen M (1985): Sociocultural correlates of childhood sporting activities: their implications for heart health. Soc Sci Med 21: 533-539
  14. Guo S, Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Gardner JD, Siervogel RM (1994): The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35y. Am J Clin Nutr 59: 810-819
  15. Hardy R, Wadsworth M, Kuh D (2000): The influence of childhood weight and socioeconomic status on change in adult body mass index in a British national birth cohort. Int J Obesity 24: 725-734
  16. Hernndez B, Gortmaker SL, Colitz GA, Peterson KE, Laird NM, Parra-Cabrera S (1998): Association of obesity with physical activity, television programs and other forms of video viewing among children in Mexico City. Int J Obesity 23: 845-854 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800962
  17. Hsieh SD, Yoshinaga H (1995): Abdominal fat distribution and coronary heart disease risk factors in men-waist/height ratio as a simple and useful predictor. Int J Obesity 19: 585-589
  18. Jaana L, Chris P, Marjo-Riitta J (2001): Family social class, maternal body mass index, childhood body mass index, and age at menarche as predictors of adult obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 74: 287-294
  19. Jeffery RW, French SA (1998): Epidemic obesity in the United States: are fast foods and television viewing contributing? Am J Public Health 88: 277-280
  20. Kohl HW, Hobbs KE (1998): Development of physical activity behaviors among children and adolescents. Pediatrics 101: 549-554
  21. Korean Pediatricts Society (1999): Standard growth charts of Korean children and adolescents in 1998
  22. Moore LL, Lombardi DA, White MJ, Campbell JL, Oliveria SA, Ellison RC (1991): Influence of parents' physical activity levels on activity level of young children. Pediatr 118: 215-219
  23. Mo-suwan L, Geater AF (1996): Risk factors for childhood obesity in a transitional society in Thailand. Int J Obesity 20: 697-703
  24. Mo-suwan L, Tongkumchum P, Puetpaiboon A (2000): Determinants of overweight tracking from childhood to adolescence: a 5y follow-up study of Hat Yai schoolchildren. Int J Obesity 24: 1642-1647
  25. Must A, Jacques P, Dallal F, Bajema C, Dietz W (1992): Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: a follow up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. New Engl J Med 327: 1350-1355
  26. Perusse L, Tremblay A, Leblanc C, Bouchard C (1989): Genetic and familial environmental influences on level of habitual physical activity. Am J Epidemiol 129: 1012-1022
  27. Pietrobelli A, Faith MS, Allison DB, Gallagher D, Chiumello G, Heymsfield SB (1998): Body mass index as measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: a validation study. J Pediatr 132: 204-210
  28. Pouliot SC, Despres JP, Lemieux S, Moorjani S, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, Nadeau A, Lupien PJ (1998): Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 67: 44-49
  29. Power C, Moynihan C (1988): Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood. Int J Obesity 12: 445-453
  30. Power C, Matthews S (1997): Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample. Lancet 350: 1584-1589
  31. Ravelli GP, Belmont L (1979): Obesity in nineteen-year-old men: family size and birth order associations. Am J Epidemiol 109: 66-70
  32. Savva SC, Tornaritis M, Savva ME, Kourides Y, Panagi A, Silikiotou N, Georgou C, Kafatos A (2000): Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio are better predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children than body mass index. Int J Obesity 24: 1453-1458
  33. Sobal J, Stunkard AJ (1989): Socioeconomic status and obesity: a review of the literature. Psychol Bull 105: 260-275
  34. Stunkard AJ (1986): An adoption study of human obesity. N Engl J Med 314: 193-198
  35. Stunkard AJ, Garris JR, Pedersen NL, McClearn GE (1990): The body mass index of twins who have reared apart. N Engl J Med 322: 1483-1487
  36. Yuille JC, Mellbin T (1979): Obesity in 10-year-olds: an epidemiologic study. Pediatrics 64: 564-572
  37. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Siedel KD, Dietz WH (1997): Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and pubertal obesity. New Engl J Med 337: 869-873
  38. Wilkinson PW (1977): Obesity in childhood: a community study in Newcastle upon Tyne. Lancet 1: 350-352