• 소음진동
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2001

It is essential to analyze structural vibrations due to turbulent wall pressure fluctuations over a body surface which moves through a fluid, because the vibrations can be a severe source of noise affecting to passengers in airplanes and SONAR performance. Generally, this kind of problems have been solved for very simplified models, e.g. plates, which can be applied to the wavenumber domain analysis. In this paper, a finite element modeling of the walt pressure fluctuations is investigated, which can be applied to those over arbitrary smooth surfaces. It is found that the modeled wall pressure fluctuation at nodes becomes uncorrelated at higher frequencies and at lower flow speeds, and the response is over-estimated due to the aliased power. Then the frequency range available for uncorrelated loading model and two power correction schemes are presented.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.817-824
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• 2000

It is essential to analyze structural vibrations due to turbulent wall pressure fluctuations over a body surface which moves through a fluid, because the vibrations can be a severe source of noise affecting to passengers in airplanes and SONAR performance. Generally, this kind of problems have been solved for very simplified models, e.g. plates, which can be applied to the wavenumber domain analysis. In this paper, a finite element modeling of the wall pressure fluctuations over arbitrary smooth surfaces is investigated. It is found that the modeled wall pressure fluctuation at nodes becomes uncorrelated at higher frequencies and at lower flow speeds, and the response is over-estimated due to the aliased power. Finally, the frequency range available for uncorrelated loading model and two power correction schemes are presented.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

The soot yield has been studied by a premixed propane-oxygen-inert gas combustion in a specially designed disk-type constant-volume combustion chamber to investigate the effects of pressure, temperature and turbulence on soot formation. Premixtures are simultaneously ignited by eight spark plugs located on the circumference of chamber at 45 degree intervals in order to observe the soot formation under high pressures. The eight flames converged compress the end gases to a high pressure. The laser schlieren and direct flame photographs for observation field with 10 mm in diameter are taken to examine into the behaviors of flame front and gas flow in laminar and turbulent combustion. The soot volume fraction in the chamber center during the final stage of combustion at the highest pressure is measured by the in situ laser extinction technique and simultaneously the corresponding burnt gas temperature by the two-color pyrometry method. The pressure and temperature during soot formation are changed by varying the initial charge pressure and the volume fraction of inert gas compositions, respectively. It is found that the soot yield increases with dropping temperature and rising pressure at constant equivalence ratio, and that the soot yield of turbulent combustion decreases in comparison with that of laminar combustion because the burnt gas temperature increases with the drop of heat loss.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1171-1179
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• 2008

난류고리와 스플래쉬 판에 의한 난류 혼합과 난류 생성에 관한 연구를 위하여 LES 해석이 가능한 CFD 코드를 개발하였으며 이를 사용하여 LES 해석을 수행하였다. 계산 결과에 의하면 난류고리는 유동장에 매우 강한 난류를 생성하여 후류에서 난류 혼합을 촉진하는 역할을 담당하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 난류고리 후류 방향으로 스플래쉬 판을 설치하면 난류고리만을 설치한 경우와 매우 다른 형태의 난류 에너지와 엔스트로피 생성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이 경우의 난류혼합은 판 뒤에 생성되는 매우 강하며 집중적인 난류의 생성에 의하여 이루어지며 압력강하는 초기 압력의 1% 수준으로 매우 낮았다. 또한 계산결과에 의하면 난류고리의 형상이나 돌출 길이 변화는 생성되는 난류의 특성에 매우 커다란 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 난류 혼합을 가장 효과적으로 이룰 수 있는 판의 위치에 관한 연구 는 진행하지 못하였으나 지금까지 계산결과에 의하면 스플래쉬 판이 설치되었을 때 압력 강하도 낮은 수준이며 난류 혼합이 가장 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2011

본 연구는 난류현상의 모형화를 위해 널리 이용되는 k-$\varepsilon$과 k-$\omega$ 난류모형을 비교하는 것이 목적으로, 횡방향 흐름이 무시될 수 있는 U-튜브 모양의 터널형 수로 내 높은 레이놀즈수를 가진 진동 경계층 흐름에 두 난류해석방법을 적용하였다. 난류모형의 적용은 1차원 연직 모형을 통해 이루어지며, 수치 모의 결과, 유속의 분포와 난류운동에너지 (turbulent kinetic energy) 모두에서 두 모형이 매우 유사한 결과를 나타낸다. 이를 통하여, 횡방향 압력경사가 무시될 수 있는 조건에서는 k-$\varepsilon$과 k-$\omega$ 난류모형이 큰 차이를 보이지 않고, 우수한 결과를 나타냄을 알 수 있다. 따라서 직선형 하천 및 하구부, 해안에서의 파랑 흐름 등과 같이 횡방향의 압력경사가 미미한 지역에서의 난류를 수치적으로 해석할 경우, 기존의 풍부한 연구를 통해 매개변수의 검보증이 장기간 이루어진 k-$\varepsilon$ 모형을 이용하는 것이 추천된다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.260-274
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• 2005

An experimental investigation was performed to study the characteristics of turbulent swirling flow in the cylindrical annuli. The swirl angle measurements were performed by flow visualization technique using smoke and dye liquid. By using the particle image velocimetry method. this study has found the time-mean velocity distribution and turbulent intensity with swirl for Re=20,000. 30.000. 50.000. and 70,000 along longitudinal sections. The results appear to be physically reasonable. Other experimental study was performed to investigate heat transfer characteristics of turbulent swirling air flow in axisymmetric annuli. The static pressure. the local air flow temperature, and the wall temperature with decaying swirl were measured by using thermocouples and the friction factor and the local Nusselt number were calculated for Re=30,000. 50,000 and 70000. The local Nusselt number was compared with that obtained from the Dittus-Boelter equation with swirl and without swirl, respectively. The results showed that the swirl enhances the heat transfer at the inlet and the outlet of the test tube.

• 소음진동
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.671-677
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• 1996

This paper presents the analytical method for predicting turbulence- induced noise in the multilayered cylinder composed of an outer hose, an inner fluid and an internal core. It is assumed that an infinite axisymmetric cylinder is located horizontally in water with free stream velocity and the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) surrounding the outer hose is fully developed and homogeneous. The transfer function at the core surface due to the propagation of the pressure fluctuation within the TBL is formulated using the linearized Navier-Stockes equation for solid and fluid. In the estimation of the energy spectrum of wall pressure fluctuation, the empirical formula proposed by Strawderman based on the Corcos model is used. A general algorithm for the calculation of the pressure level at the surface of a core, that is, turbulence- induced noise, is presented. Through the detailed numerical simulation, it is found that the major noise mechanism is the propagation of the bulge wave along hose.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.441-447
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• 2000

Direct numerical simulation has been used to study turbulent boundary layers with convex curvature. A direct numerical simulation program has been developed to solve incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in generalized coordinates with the finite volume method. We considered two boundary layer thicknesses. When the curvature effect is small, mean velocity statistics show little difference with those of a plane channel flow. Turbulent intensity decreases as curvature increases. Contours suggest that streamwise vorticities are strong where large pressure fluctuations exist.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.346-352
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• 2009

The objective of the present work is to improve numerical predictions of unsteady turbulent swirling flows in the draft tubes of hydraulic power plants. We present Large Eddy Simulation (LES) results on a simplified draft tube consisting of a straight conical diffuser. The basis of LES is to solve the large scales of motion, which contain most of the energy, while the small scales are modeled. LES strategy is here preferred to the average equations strategies (RANS models) because it resolves directly the most energetic part of the turbulent flow. LES is now recognized as a powerful tool to simulate real applications in several engineering fields which are more and more frequently found. However, the cost of large-eddy simulations of wall bounded flows is still expensive. Bypass methods are investigated to perform high-Reynolds-number LES at a reasonable cost. In this study, computations at a Reynolds number about 2 $10^5$ are presented. This study presents the result of a new near-wall model for turbulent boundary layer taking into account the streamwise pressure gradient (adverse or favorable). Validations are made based on simple channel flow, without any pressure gradient and on the data base ERCOFTAC. The experiments carried out by Clausen et al. [1] reproduce the essential features of the complex flow and are used to develop and test closure models for such flows.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.274-284
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• 1995

The effect of turbulence and ignition energy on flame kernel growth in mathanol-air mixtures has been studied in a constant volume vessel. Experiments were made under different turbulent intensity conditions, ignition energy and over a range of equivalence ratio. Characteristics of turbulent flow were grasped by measurments of gas pressure and visualization of flame propagation. Flow velocity was measured by use of hot wire anemometer. A comparison of the effect of turbulence on ignition probability and flame kernel volume variation ratio is also presented.