• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.297-307
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to estimate salt preference and sodium intake of pregnant women, and identify the relationship between salt preference and sodium intake. Methods: Research design was a cross sectional correlational survey with 197 pregnant women who visited outpatient clinics for antenatal care. The sodium intake levels were estimated by the amounts of sodium intake using the 24-hour recall method and sodium concentration in spot urine. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Results: Sodium intake using 24-hour recall method was $3,504{\pm}1,359mg$. Sodium intake levels had statistically significant differences depending on income. The average amount of sodium in spot urine was $2,882{\pm}878mg/day$. Sodium excretion levels had statistically significant differences depending on whether participants had preexisting hypertension in their family history and Body Mass Index (BMI) pre-conception. Salt preference was $62.61{\pm}20.96$ out of 180 points. Salt preference had significant differences depending on income, parity, gestational age, BMI pre-conception and showed negative correlation with sodium quantity in spot urine. Conclusion: Sodium intake in pregnant women recommended by World Health Organization recommended is 175%. Salt preference was not significantly different between sodium intake levels, however it was negatively correlated with sodium quantity in spot urine among pregnant women.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the change of perception and preference of color according to time passage. The subjects were university students and for the survey 257 questionnaires in 1998 and 522 questionnaires in 2005 were effectively used to compare the perception and preference of color between the both period. The statistics was performed with frequency analysis and independent t-test in SPSS 10.0. The results were as follows. 1) Color perception according to time passage showed significant differences in red, yellow, green, and blue color. 2) Color preference according to time passage showed significant differences in red, green, and blue color. 3) Color perception among three regions according to time passage showed significant differences in red color in Seoul, yellow color in Seoul, Mokpo and Jeju, green color in Seoul and Mokpo, blue color in Seoul, Mokpo and Jeju, and purple color in Seoul. 4) Color preference among three regions according to time passage showed significant differences in yellow color in Mokpo, green and blue color in Seoul, Mokpo and Jeju.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2002

Food preference of children may be determined by various lifestyle and environmental factors. This study evaluated the effect of rural or urban inhabitance, cooking methods, and frequency of exposure to vegetable dishes on the acceptance of vegetables by 452 fifth grade children. The subjects were students utilizing meal service in public elementary schools in Boryeoung-city, Chungcheong-nam-do (urban); Cheolwon-gun, Gangwondo (rural); or Pocheon-gun, Kyeonggi-do (suburban). A survey was used to determine the preference of students for 59 foods containing vegetables as a primary ingredient, and categorized by fat content (high, low, or intermediate). Children with working mothers and those living in urban areas tended to have less preference for vegetables than their counterparts in rural areas or with mothers who remained at home. Preference for vegetable foods was correlated with the frequency that vegetable foods were prepared by mothers. Vegetable dishes with a high fat content were preferred over those with low or intermediate fat content, except far soup. This study suggests that children who live in urban areas and whose mothers work outside of the home may be predisposed to nutritional deficiencies due to poor acceptance of vegetable foods, and that all children may be at risk for over-consumption of dietary fat, due to a preference for high fat foods.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.226-236
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• 2016

Single-person household is estimated to be about 26.5% of the total household in 2015, which counts as 5060000 in numbers. We opt to acknowledge the various requests of these single residents, and in order to raise their satisfaction, we investigated on how personal taste, psychological interest, and personality attribute affects the user's preference of space organization and furniture in one room housing. Using the qualified psychology program, Enneagram Personality Type Indicator, we surveyed young people under 30 years old (majority of single-person households), regarding space organization and furniture preference. With the help of a specialist, the survey was constructed with appropriate evaluation items (space organization in one room households, bed, sofa, furniture material, etc), and analyzed the relationship between the evaluated items and personality types. Results showed there is a relationship between personality types and spatial structure. First, preference of spatial structure differed for different personality types. Second, the shape and size of furniture was dependent more on the ease of usability and design rather than on the personality types. One thing to consider is that type 1 and 9 accounted for about 50% of the total surveys. This emphasizes that the preferred spatial structure of a dominant specific personality type should not be overlooked.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.346-355
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was designed to analyze the food preference and behavior on food away from home between Korean, Japanese and Chinese. The sample was selected each 200 people who were waiting departure in duty free zone, Incheon International Airport. The survey was developed by researcher and it consist of four parts that demographic characteristic, preference food material, preference cooking method and behavior on food away from home. As a result of the study, korean preferred soup, pork and raw vegetable and dine out with their family. Japanese preferred soup, beef, salad and dine out by themselves. Chinese preferred meat, fish, sauteed vegetable, and dine out with their family. When they were dine-out, Korean frequently ate Korean food, Fast food, Japanese food and Chinese, however Japanese frequently ate Japanese food, Chinese food and Italian food. Chinese frequently ate Chinese food and Fast food. Korean were sensitive of food price, but Japanese were sensitive of food taste and Chinese were sensitive of new experience and taste.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1240-1251
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between weight of fabrics and texture and sensibility and preference of consumers for F/W women's jacket fabrics. Structural Equation Model(SEM) using AMOS program was conducted to analyze the relationships. Then, this study aimed to provide useful information in planning designing fabrics through predicting the subjective characteristics analyzed. The main survey was developed the 7-point semantic differential scale of subjective texture, sensibility and preference. Fifty trained female panelists of 20-30 years old were participated and questionnaire method was used with 20 kind of fabric. The evaluation methods such as by the sense of sight & touch were used when fabrics were estimated subjectively. When evaluated by the sense of sight & touch, fabric's weight did not have effect directly on preference, but had effect indirectly on preference through the texture and the sensibility..

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2018

This study examined the potential of export items in Malaysia by investigating the awareness and preference for Korean food products. A high potential product list developed from the literature, included reports about the food export status in Korea and Malaysian food trends. An online survey was carried out with 600 consumers in Malaysia. With 435 valid responses, the average awareness of the Korean food products was 3.13, and the preference was 3.48 on a 5-point scale. The awareness and preference of Korean food products were higher in the 20s-30s group than in the older groups. In particular, the Muslim group had a higher awareness for 'ramyon' than the other groups, and the Buddhist group had a higher preference for 'ginseng beverage' than the other groups. The most well-known and preferred products were ramyon, hot noodles, kimchi, biscuits, fruits & vegetable beverage, and sauce (with Korean traditional sauce)'. Based on these results, the marketing implications of the study findings are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2007

Automobile manufacturing companies should provide the products and service that can satisfy consumers who usually want various kinds of automobiles. This paper studied the relations among several demographic characteristics(gender, age, occupation, income) of consumers and automobile's attributes(engine performance, engine displacement, price, maintenance expenses, color, etc.) and preferred automobile(kind, size, company, price). For the relation research we established a model and related hypotheses and used a questionnaire survey, where 350 subjects were questioned. After the analysis, many statistically significant results are obtained : consumer's gender has relations with the preference for engine performance, engine displacement, price, color, and design; age has relations with the preference for engine displacement, maintenance expenses, free checking during A/S period, etc., occupation has relations with the preference for engine performance, engine displacement, price, maintenance expenses, fuel efficiency, etc. : income has relations with the preference for engine performance, engine displacement, price, maintenance expenses, mileage, reputation of car manufacturing companies, etc.; price and fuel efficiency has relations with the preference for car manufacturing companies. These results suggest the consumer-oriented sales of automobiles and are expected to be helpful for the effective strategy development of automobile marketing.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2019

Various room acoustic parameters and their optimal values were proposed and verified as proper interpretations to the listeners' preference of concert hall sounds. However the listening environment has been changed since they were developed, and the listeners' preference may not be the same among countries of different cultural backgrounds. Actual listeners' preference should be applied to the design of a new concert hall. A survey on the listening preference was carried out for 22 music experts. A room acoustical design process was proposed which made the acoustical environment of a concert hall as close to the listeners' preferences.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2011

The research is a survey and analysis of female apparel preferences, and recognition of the KS sizing system for adult female garments. The practical surveys in this research are examined by total number of subjects, 200 women who are living in Seoul, South Korea. The homogeneity test using Chi-square statistics, and the analysis of frequencies and ratios of contingency tables were performed with the data which are classified by age, education level, income level and housing modalities. The findings in this study are as follows: 1. Women's preferences for purchasing female garments indicate significant differences between subjects, such as age, education level, income level and housing modalities. Moreover, the following five types of adult female garments were analyzed in this study: upper garment, lower garment, one-piece apparel, sportswear and sleepwear. The results of the preference study show an indirect understanding of the KSK 0051 classification system for subjects of the survey. Therefore the preference study can be used as a pilot study for the sizing recognition survey. 2. Women's recognition of the KSK 0051 sizing system for adult female adult garments do not indicate significant differences based on the characteristics of age, education level, income level and housing modalities. The low recognition of the KS sizing system is due to too many details and complex numbers of application for users. Therefore, the sizing system should be simplified and rearranged to be more effective and have more recognizable categories.