• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2020

Background: The poultry industry in Pakistan has flourished since the 1960s; however, there are scarce data regarding the impact of occupational exposure on the pulmonary health of farm workers in terms of years working in the industry. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of poultry environment on the health of occupationally exposed poultry farmers in countries of warm climatic regions, such as Pakistan. This study will also show the effect of exposure to poultry facilities on the health of poultry farmers in the context of low-income countries with a relatively inadequate occupational exposure risk management. Materials and methods: The lung function capacity of 79 poultry workers was measured using a spirometer. Along with spirometry, a structured questionnaire was also administrated to obtain information about age, height, weight, smokers/nonsmokers, years of working experience, and pulmonary health of farm workers. The workers who were directly involved in the care and handling of birds in these intensive facilities were considered and divided into four groups based on their years of working experience: Group I (3-10 months), Group II (1-5 years), Group III (6-10 years), and Group IV (more than 11 years). The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were considered to identify lung function abnormalities. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent sample t test, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results: Based on the performed spirometry, 68 (86 %) of workers were found normal and healthy, whereas 11 (14 %) had a mild obstruction. Of the 11 workers with mild obstruction, the highest number with respect to the total was in Group IV (more than 11 years of working experience) followed by Group III and Group II. Most of the workers were found healthy, which seems to be because of the healthy survivor effect. For the independent sample t test, a significant difference was noticed between healthy and nonhealthy farmers, whereas Chi-square test showed a significant association with height, drugs, and working experience. Linear regression that was stratified by respiratory symptoms showed for workers with symptoms, regression models for all spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC) have better predictive power or R square value than those of workers without symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lung function capacity was directly related to years of working experience. With increasing number of working years, symptoms of various respiratory problems enhanced in the poultry workers. It should be noted that most of the poultry workers were healthy and young, the rationale being that there is a high turnover rate in this profession. The mobility in this job and our finding of 86% of the healthy workers in the present study also proposed healthy worker survivor effect.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.408-414
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 소셜 네트워크 서비스 환경에서 구매의도에 관한 문헌적 고찰을 통해 선행연구를 살펴보고 개념 모델에서 제시된 요인에 대한 실증 분석된 연구들을 메타분석하기 위해 2005년-2015년 국내 학술지에 게재된 논문을 연구대상으로 하였다. 국내 학술지에 게재된 논문만 여과하여 조건에 부합한 총 29편의 논문을 연구에 대상으로 선정하였다. 메타분석의 결과 만족과 구매의도 경로가 가장 큰 효과 크기로 나타났으며, 효과크기는(r = .455)이었다. 두번째 효과크기는 구전과 구매의도 경로에서 효과(r = .398), 다음으로 신뢰와 구매의도 경로에서(r = .386)로 나타났다. 그런데 상호 작용성과 구매의도 경로에서는 가장 낮은 효과크기(r = .342)로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 개념 모델에서 제시된 예측변수는 약 22%-12% 설명력을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 학문적 실무적 의의를 논의하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 스마트폰 헬스케어 어플리케이션의 수용의도와 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 시행된 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구에서는 2015년 4월 자가보고식 설문지를 이용하여 20~70대 300명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 최종적으로 285명의 자료가 기술통계, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, hierarchical multiple regression를 이용하여 분석되었다. 연구 결과, 헬스케어 어플리케이션의 수용의도는 점수가능범위 1~5점 중 3.28점이었으며, 연령, 교육 및 경제 수준, 직업 및 질병 여부, 스마트폰 사용 기간 등에 따라 차이가 있었고, 운동실천 정도, 식이 및 스트레스 관리 정도, 스마트폰 및 헬스케어 어플리케이션 사용 만족 정도에 따라 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 그리고 연구대상자의 일반적 및 건강관련 특성, 스마트폰 및 헬스케어 어플리케이션 사용 관련요인은 헬스케어 어플리케이션에 대한 수용의도를 45.5% 설명하였으며, 특히 경제수준, 헬스케어 어플리케이션에 대한 인지 만족도와 관심 여부가 수용의도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 확인되었다. 이 연구 결과를 바탕으로 스마트폰 헬스케어 어플리케이션 개발 시 스마트폰 어플리케이션에 대한 사용자의 인지 수준을 높이고 흥미를 이끌어 낼 수 있는 다양한 전략들을 함께 개발 및 적용할 것을 제언하는 바이다.

• 대한안과학회지
• /
• 제59권12호
• /
• pp.1173-1180
• /
• 2018

목적: 원발개방각녹내장 환자에서 섬유주절제술과 백내장수술을 동시에 시행하는 경우 술 후 예측 굴절력의 정확성을 분석하고, 굴절력 오차에 영향을 미치는 요소에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 섬유주절제술과 백내장수술을 동시에 시행한 원발개방각녹내장 환자 27명을 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 술 후 예측 굴절력과 실제 굴절력을 비교하였으며 평균예측오차와 평균절대예측오차를 계산하였다. 같은 시기에 백내장수술만 단독 시행한 나이와 성별이 짝지어지는 대조군과 굴절력 오차를 비교하였다. 또한 굴절력 오차에 영향을 미치는 환자의 수술 전 인자들에 대하여 통계학적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 술 후 평균예측오차는 섬유주절제술과 백내장수술의 병합수술군에서 $+0.02{\pm}0.92$디옵터, 대조군에서 $-0.01{\pm}0.45$디옵터로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 평균절대예측오차는 병합수술군에서 $0.65{\pm}0.64$디옵터, 대조군에서 $0.35{\pm}0.28$디옵터로, 술 후 난시는 병합수술군에서 $-1.07{\pm}0.65$디옵터, 대조군에서 $-0.66{\pm}0.48$디옵터로 병합수술군에서 유의하게 높았다(p=0.035, p=0.020). 술 전 앞방깊이, 술 후 안압 변화가 부정확한 평균절대예측오차와 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 결론: 원발개방각녹내장 환자에서 섬유주절제술과 백내장수술을 동시에 시행하는 경우 술 후 예측 굴절력의 정확성이 떨어지고, 더 큰 난시를 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 술 전 얕은 앞방깊이, 술 후 큰 안압 변화가 굴절력 오차를 증가시키므로 이를 고려하여야 하겠다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.944-958
• /
• 2011

Soil hydraulic properties such as hydraulic conductivity or water retention which are costly to measure can be indirectly generated by soil pedotransfer function (PTF) using easily obtainable soil data. The field soil structure description which is routinely recorded could also be used in PTF as an input to reduce the uncertainty. The purposes of this study were to use qualitative morphological soil structure descriptions and soil structural index into PTF and to evaluate their contribution in the prediction of soil hydraulic properties. We transformed categorical morphological descriptions of soil structure into quantitative values using categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA). This approach was tested with a large data set from the US National Pedon Characterization database with the aid of a categorical regression tree analysis. Six different PTFs were used to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity and those results were averaged to quantify the uncertainty. Quantified morphological description was successively used in multiple linear regression approach to predict the averaged ensemble saturated conductivity. The selected stepwise regression model with only the transformed morphological variables and structural index as predictors predicted the $K_{sat}$ with $r^2$ = 0.48 (p = 0.018), indicating the feasibility of CATPCA approach. In a regression tree analysis, soil structure index and soil texture turned out to be important factors in the prediction of the hydraulic properties. Among structural descriptions size class turned out to be an important grouping parameter in the regression tree. Bulk density, clay content, W33 and structural index explained clusters selected by a two step clustering technique, implying the morphologically described soil structural features are closely related to soil physical as well as hydraulic properties. Although this study provided relatively new method which related soil structure description to soil structure index, the same approach should be tested using a datasets containing the actual measurement of hydraulic properties. More insight on the predictive power of soil structure index to estimate hydraulic properties would be achieved by considering measured the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the soil water retention.

• 정보교육학회논문지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.591-601
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 고등학교 교사의 ICT 활용 리터러시 수준을 파악하고 ICT 활용의도와 관련된 요인을 파악하여 고등학교의 ICT 활용 수업 활성화 방안을 제안하는데 의의가 있다. 총 3,942명의 고등학교 교사들을 대상으로 ICT 활용 리터러시와 ICT 활용 수업 의도에 대한 설문조사를 진행하여 자료를 수집하였다. ICT 활용 리터러시의 요인은 어떻게 구성되어 있는지 확인하고, ICT 리터러시 수준과 ICT 활용 가치 인식, ICT 활용 환경 인식이 ICT 활용 의도에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 분석 결과, ICT 활용 의도에 영향을 미치는 변인은 ICT 활용 가치 인식, ICT 활용 리터러시의 정의적 영역, ICT 활용 리터러시의 심동적 영역, ICT 활용 리터러시의 인지적 영역, ICT 활용 환경 인식의 순으로 나타났다. 다만, ICT 활용 환경이 ICT 활용에 영향을 미친다는 선행연구의 결과와는 달리 본 연구에서는 ICT 활용 환경에 대한 인식이 ICT 활용에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 지속적으로 실시된 교육정보화 사업으로 인해 시설이 갖추어졌다고 해석할 수 있으며 이를 유지하기 위해 ICT 활용 환경에 대한 지원이 지속되어야 한다. 더불어 교사들의 가치와 전반적인 ICT 활용 수업에 대한 인식을 향상시킬 수 있는 지원이 필요하다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.378-388
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 중년여성의 자아탄력성, 부부의사소통, 정신건강이 행복감에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구에 참여한 연구대상자는 239명으로, 평균연령은 54.15±6.38세 이었다. 연구분석 방법은 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 일반적 특성에 따른 제 변수간의 차이, 자아탄력성, 부부의사소통, 정신건강, 행복감의 상관관계를 확인하였고, 중년여성의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 자아탄력성 평균 3.46점((1-5점), 부부의사소통 평균 2.44점(1-5점), 정신건강 평균 1.82점(0-4점), 행복감 3,21점(1-5점)으로 나타났다. 일반적 특성에서 행복감의 차이는 교육수준(F=3.406, p=.035), 주관적 건강상태(F=7.385, p=.001)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 제 변수들간 상관관계를 확인한 결과 행복감은 자아탄력성(r=.393, p=<.001)은 정적상관관계를 보였고 신체화(r=-.134, p=.039), 우울(r=-.356, p<.001), 불안(r=-.269, p<.001)과는 부적상관 관계를 보였다. 중년여성의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 예측요인은 우울(β=-.437, p<.001)자아탄력성(β=.350, p<.001), 신체화(β=.239 p=.009), 건강상태: 보통(β=-.150, p=.009), 나쁨(β=-.147, p=.015)로 30.4%의 설명력을 보였고, 회귀모형은 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(F=14.02, p<.001). 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 중년여성의 행복감을 증진시키기 위해 자아탄력성을 증진시키고 정신건강을 강화하는 교육 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
• /
• 제95권6호
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2018

Purpose: OncoHepa test is a multigene expression profile test developed for assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. Multiplication of ${\alpha}$-FP, des-${\gamma}$-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and tumor volume (TV) gives the ${\alpha}$-FP-DCP-volume (ADV) score, which is also developed for assessment of HCC prognosis. Methods: The predictive powers of OncoHepa test and ADV score were validated in 35 patients who underwent curative hepatic resection for naïve solitary HCCs ${\leq}5cm$. Results: Median tumor diameter was 3.0 cm. Tumor recurrence and patient survival rates were 28.6% and 100% at 1 year, 48.6% and 82.9% at 3 years, and 54.3% and 71.4% at 5 years, respectively. The site of first tumor recurrence was the remnant liver in 18, lung in 1, and the peritoneum in 1. All patients with HCC recurrence received locoregional treatment. OncoHepa test showed marginal prognostic significance for tumor recurrence and patient survival. ADV score at 4log also showed marginal prognostic difference with respect to tumor recurrence and patient survival. Combination of these 2 tests resulted in greater prognostic significance for both tumor recurrence (P = 0.046) and patient survival (P = 0.048). Conclusion: Both OncoHepa test and ADV score have considerably strong prognostic power, thus individual and combined findings of OncoHepa test and ADV score will be helpful to guide postresection surveillance in patients with solitary HCCs ${\leq}5cm$.

• 임상이비인후과
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.212-222
• /
• 2018

Background and Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare the measured values of acoustic and auditory perceptual assessments between normal and functional dysphonia (FD) groups. Materials and Methods : 102 subjects with FD and 59 normal voice groups were participated in this study. Mid-vowel portion of the sustained vowel /a/ and two sentences of 'Sanchaek' were edited, concatenated, and analyzed by Praat script. And then auditory-perceptual (AP) rating was completed by three listeners. Results : The FD group showed higher acoustic voice quality index version 2.02 and version 3.01 (AVQIv2 and AVQIv3), slope, Hammarberg index (HAM), grade (G) and overall severity (OS), values than normal group. Additionally, smoothed cepstral peak prominence in Praat (PraatCPPS), tilt, low-to high spectral band energies (L/H ratio), long-term average spectrum (LTAS) in FD group were lower than normal voice group. And the correlation among measured values ranged from -0.250 to 0.960. In ROC curve analysis, cutoff values of AVQIv2, AVQIv3, PraatCPPS, slope, tilt, L/H ratio, HAM, and LTAS were 3.270, 2.013, 13.838, -22.286, -9.754, 369.043, 27.912, and 34.523, respectively, and the AUC of each analysis was over .890 in AVQIv2, AVQIv3, and PraatCPPS, over 0.731 in HAM, tilt, and slope, over 0.605 in LTAS and L/H ratio. Conclusions : In conclusion, AVQI and CPPS showed the highest predictive power for distinguishing between normal and FD groups. Acoustic analyses and AP rating as noninvasive examination can reinforce the screening capability of FD and help to establish efficient diagnosis and treatment process plan for FD.

• Journal of Breast Disease
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether clinicopathological factors are potentially associated with successful breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and develop a nomogram for predicting successful BCS candidates, focusing on those who are diagnosed with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors during the pre-NAC period. Methods: The training cohort included 239 patients with an HR-positive, HER2-negative tumor (${\geq}3cm$), and all of these patients had received NAC. Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: diffuse, suspicious, malignant microcalcification (extent >4 cm); multicentric or multifocal breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; distant metastases at the time of diagnosis; excisional biopsy prior to NAC; and bilateral breast cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the possible predictors of BCS eligibility after NAC, and the regression model was used to develop the predicting nomogram. This nomogram was built using the training cohort (n=239) and was later validated with an independent validation cohort (n=123). Results: Small tumor size (p<0.001) at initial diagnosis, long distance from the nipple (p=0.002), high body mass index (p=0.001), and weak positivity for progesterone receptor (p=0.037) were found to be four independent predictors of an increased probability of BCS after NAC; further, these variables were used as covariates in developing the nomogram. For the training and validation cohorts, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.833 and 0.786, respectively; these values demonstrate the potential predictive power of this nomogram. Conclusion: This study established a new nomogram to predict successful BCS in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Given that chemotherapy is an option with unreliable outcomes for this subtype, this nomogram may be used to select patients for NAC followed by successful BCS.