• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2023

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is widely used as a construction material in road construction, concrete structures, embankments, etc. However, it has been reported that calcite (CaCO₃) precipitation from RCA can be a cause of clogging when used in drainage applications. An accelerated calcite precipitation (ACP) procedure has been devised to evaluate the long-term geochemical performance of RCA in subsurface drainage systems. While the ACP procedure was useful for the French Drain application, there remained opportunities for improvement. In this study, key factors that control the formation of calcite precipitation were quantitatively evaluated, and the results were used to improve the current prototype ACP method. A laboratory parametric study was carried out by investigating the effects of reaction temperature and time on the formation of calcite precipitation of RCA, with determining an optimum reaction temperature and time which maximizes calcite precipitation. The improved ACP procedure was then applied to RCA samples that were graded for Type I Underdrain application, to compare the calcite precipitation. Two key findings are (1) that calcite precipitation can be maximized with the optimum heating temperature (75℃) and time (17 hours), and (2) the potential for calcite precipitation from RCA is not as significant as for limestone. With the improved ACP procedure, the total amount of calcite precipitation from RCAs within the life cycle of a drain system can be determined when RCAs from different sources are used as pipe backfill materials in a drain system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2002

The liquid phase oxidation of p-xylene has been carried out with oxygen-enriched gas, and the manganese component was precipitated probably via over-oxidation to $Mn^{4+}$. The precipitation increased with rising oxygen concentration in the reaction gas and occurred mainly in the later part of the oxidation. The activity of the reaction decreased, and the blackening of the product and side reactions to carbon dioxide increased with the degree of precipitation. Precipitation can be decreased with the addition of metal ions, such as cerium, chromium and iron.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.255-269
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• 2016

The waste glass sludge is a waste produced in the glass industry. It is in a dust form and disposed with water. In the disposal process, various cohesive agents are incorporated in order to precipitate the glass particles efficiently. In this paper, we investigate the pozzolanic reaction of the waste glass sludge incorporating precipitation additives experimentally. The consumption of calcium hydroxide, the setting time and the compressive strength and the pore structure were tested for two different types of the waste glass sludge depending on whether precipitation additives were used. It was found that the waste glass sludge incorporating the precipitation additives had a higher pozzolanic potential than the reference waste glass sludge without precipitation additives.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.172-181
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• 1999

The effect of the DMAB concentration, temperature, deposition time, and stabilizer concentration on the precipitation reaction of the electroless nickel plating using dimethylamine borane (DMAB) as reducing agent was investigated to by the weight gain and electrochemical method. The deposition rate was dependent with DMAB concentration. The polarization resistance of the precipitation reaction was reduced with DMAB concentration. The precipitation reaction rate of Ni-B deposits was controlled by the oxidation rate of DMAB as the source of electron. The boron content of the deposit was constant at about 5.5wt%, even when DMAB concentration in the solution was increased. The effect of temperature and stabilizer ($Pb(NO_3)_2$) concentration on deposition rate was shown to have co-dependent behaviors.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.947-954
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• 2002

HCl concentration and reaction time are the decisive factors in determining the structure of precipitates in the process of synthesis of $TiO_2$ particles from aqueous $TiOCl_2$ solution by precipitation and the volumetric proportion of brookite phase in $TiO_2$ particles can be controlled by these two factors. As reaction rate increases with increase of reaction temperature, the reaction time, at which maximum volumetric proportion of brookite phase in $TiO_2$ particles was obtained, was reduced. The brookite was transformed directly to rutile phase with only increase of reaction time. And precipitation was delayed with increase of HCl concentration because the amount of $H_2$O, which is necessary source of oxygen for conversion of $Ti^{+4}$ to $TiO_2$, was relatively reduced with increase of that. Brookite in the mixture phase powder was finally transformed to rutile phase via anatase through heat-treatment.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 소듐바나데이트 수용액에 염화암모늄을 첨가하여 암모늄메타바나데이트를 침전시킬 때, 암모늄메타바나데이트의 용해도와 암모늄이온의 분해율이 침전반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 침전온도와 수용액 pH가 증가함에 따라 암모늄 이온의 분해율이 증가하였으며 45 ℃에서 수용액 pH 9.3일 때 분해율은 81% 이상으로 pH 8일 때와 비교하였을 때 약 4배 정도 증가하였다. 그러므로 침전 반응에 큰 영향을 미치는 침전온도와 수용액 pH 두 인자를 고려하여 침전반응을 수행한 결과, 침전온도가 증가함에 따라 침전속도가 증가하였으나 35 ℃ 이상에서는 침전온도의 영향이 크지 않았다. 침전반응 속도론적 고찰을 통하여 얻은 침전반응의 활성화 에너지는 42.3 kJ/mol이었다. 이와 같은 연구를 통하여 암모늄메타바나데이트의 용해도를 고려하였을 때 침전온도는 낮을수록 바나듐 회수율에 유리하였다. 또한 암모늄 이온의 분해를 고려하였을 때 수용액의 pH는 낮을수록 유리하나 pH 8 이하에서는 소듐폴리바나데이트가 침전되며 바나듐 산화물의 순도 저하가 야기될 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2008

The effects of catalyst preparation on the reaction route and the mechanism of biphenol (BP) hydrogenation, which consists of a long series-reaction, were studied. Pd/C catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness method and precipitation and deposition method. The reaction behaviors of the prepared catalysts and a commercial catalyst along with the final product distributions were very different. The choice of the catalyst preparation conditions during precipitation and deposition including the temperature, pH, precursor addition rate, and reducing agent also had significant effects. The reaction behaviors of the catalysts were interpreted in terms of catalyst particle size, metal distribution, and support acidities.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.207-210
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• 1990

Paper chromatography and (NH4)2SO4 precipitation method were used for refinement and separation of proteins Color reaction was tested by Biuret test, Million test, Xanthoprotein test, and Ninhydrin test. Precipitation reaction and coagulation of proteins were tested by heating method (Ethanol, HNO3).

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2021

철(III)과 란타넘(III)이 혼합된 황산용액에서 황산나트륨에 의한 란타넘 복염의 침전 및 분리를 조사했다. 복염 침전에 영향을 줄 수 있는 여러 요인 중 황산나트륨 및 란타넘(III)의 농도, 반응온도 및 시간, 그리고 철(III) 농도에 대해 조사했다. 용액 중 Na+, SO42- 이온 및 란타넘(III) 농도가 높을수록 희토류 복염의 침전률이 증가했고, 반응온도가 100℃까지 증가함에 따라 란타넘 황산염 이온의 형성을 촉진해 희토류 복염의 침전률이 증가했다. 또한 반응시간이 증가할수록 철(III)의 침전률이 감소해 3시간 이후에는 거의 침전되지 않았고, 철(III) 농도는 복염 침전에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 황산용액에 황산나트륨을 첨가하면 란타넘(III)을 선택적으로 침전시켜 철(III)과 분리할 수 있다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2008

Silver particles were synthesized from silver nitrate by homogeneous precipitation and chemical reduction methods involving the intermediate silver cyanate. The obtained silver particles were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and BET. Urea which could prevent the agglomeration of the reduced silver particles was used as a homogeneous precipitator. The spherical silver particles with average particle diameter of 100 nm were obtained under the optimum reaction conditions. The optimum synthetic conditions were found as follows: reaction temperature $100^{\circ}C$, reaction time 60 min, concentration of silver nitrate $1{\times}10^{-2}$ mol, urea $5{\times}10^{-3}$ mol, and sodium citrate $8.5{\times}10^{-4}$ mol. The phase of obtained silver particles was crystalline state and the silver particles were relatively dense, which had the surface area of $0.7571\;m^{2}/g$.