• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-40
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• 1969

Lung homotransplantation was performed in 15 pairs of dog. Methotrexate and R.E.S. blocking were used to prolong the survival time. Details of handling the transplant, operative technique and management of the recipient were discussed and following results were obtained: 1]. 7 dogs out of 15 dogs of homotransplantation of lung were survived beyond 3 days. In the group of dogs treated with methotrexate, the average survival was 8.5 days, and in the group of dogs treated with R.E.S. blocking, the average survial was 9.7 days with longest survival of 17 days. 2]. The causes of immediate postoperative death in homotransplantation of dogs were lung edema and disruption of bronchial anastomosis. 3]. The main causes of death in successful homotransplantation dogs which were survived beyond 3 days were infection of lung parenchyma and bronchial necrosis rather than the occurence of graft rejection. 4]. Graft rejection was not revealed even after 7 days of operation in the group treated with methotrexate as well as in the group treated with R. E.S. blocking. This finding made it suggest that the R. E.S. blocking may be effective to control the rejection reaction. 5]. Even though the pulmonary function of transplanted lung was revealed the evidence of severe impairment immediate after operation by bronchospirometry, it was increased gradually and 10 days after operation the minute ventilation and oxygen uptake were decreased 8%, 13% respectively less than pre-operative one.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a robust clutter pre-thresholding method using background adaptive Threshold Map for the clutter rejection in the complex coastal environment. The proposed algorithm is composed of the use of Threshold Map's and method of its calculation. Additionally we also suggest an automatic decision method of Thresold Map's update. Experimental results on some sets of real infrared image sequence show that the proposed method could remove clutters effectively without any loss of detection rate for the aim target and reduce processing time dramatically.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.177-193
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop a program which aims at providing a better understanding of parenthood, establishing a desirable value of being a parent and preparing for being a good father positively affecting children, and determine effects of the program on unmarried men who are in the so-called stage of 'not belonged youth'. The program consisted of 5 sessions titled 'My father, 'I will be a father, too', 'Being a good father I', 'Being a good father II' and 'I will be a respectable father'. 7 unmarried men surveyed here were asked to participate in the program held at B church located in Busan from Oct. 3 to Nov. 7, 2004, with 1 session a week and 120 minutes per session based. Before and after the program, tests were carried out with the father acceptance-rejection scale and the scale of confidence in father's role'. For each of the sessions, a process evaluation was performed. Results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, the pre- and post-tests with the father acceptance-rejection scale showed some changed recognition that father's attitude of child raising would be more acceptable and unrejectable. This indicates that the program made some achievements in relation to understanding and reestablishing relations with father. Second, significant differences were found in confidence in father's role between before and after the program. Especially, anxiety about father's role as a sub-area of such confidence was most considerably reduced. In conclusion, such objectives of the program as removing vague anxiety about father's role, establishing a desirable view of fatherhood and improving confidence about being a father proved to be achievable through getting skills of child understanding with the concept of developmental perspective and narrative therapy based.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2001

연구목적 : 본 연구는 정신분열병 환자의 가족이 겪는 각종 스트레스(불안, 우울, 거부감, 걱정 등)와 함께 가족의 대처 전략의 정도를 평가하고 단기가족교육 후 정신분열병에 대한 지식과 스트레스, 대처전략의 변화 정도를 대조군과 비교해 단기가족교육의 효과를 평가 하고자 하였다. 방법 : DSM-IV 진단기준에 따라서 분류된 정신분열병 환자의 가족 중에서 가족교육을 받은 24 명을 교육군으로 하고 동 질환으로 본과에 입원한 환자의 가족 중에서 22명을 선정하여 대조군으로 하였다. 교육군에게는 가족교육 전후에, 대조군에게는 환자 입원 시와 4주 이후에 두 번 설문지를 작성하도록 하였다. 사용된 설문지는 Family Coping Questionnaire(FCQ), Patient Rejection Scale(PRS), 걱정설문지, 지식설문지, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) 등이다. 결과 : 1) 교육군에서 걱정설문지, BDI, STAI-S는 사후평가 점수가 사전평가 점수보다 유의하게 낮았고 FCQ의 사회적 관심항목과 지식설문지는 사후평가 점수가 사전평가 점수보다 유의하게 높았다. FCQ요인에서는 회피와 관련된 사회적 관심의 전략이 사후평가 점수가 사전평가 점수보다 유의하게 높았다. 반면에 대조군에서는 모든 설문지에서 사전평가 점수와 사후평가 점수 사이에 유의한 차이가 보이지 않았다. 2) 교육군에서 걱정설문지의 점수 차와 STAI-S의 점수 차 사이, 걱정설문지의 점수 차와 STAI-T의 점수 차 사이에 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있었고 FCQ의 긍정적 상호작용항목의 점수 차와 PRS의 점수 차 사이, 지식설문지의 점수 차와 STAI-S의 점수 차 사이에는 유의한 부적 상관관계가 있었다. 반면에 대조군에서는 FCQ의 정보항목의 점수 차와 PRS의 점수 차 사이, 긍정적 상호작용항목의 점수 차와 PRS의 점수 차 사이에만 유의한 부적 상관관계가 있었다. 3) 교육군에서는 걱정설문지의 점수 차와 환자의 나이 사이에 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있었고 지식설문지의 점수 차와 환자의 유병기간 사이에 유의한 부적 상관관계가 있었지만 대조군에서는 유의한 상관관계가 존재하지 않았다. 결론 : 단기가족교육 후에 가족들의 지식이 증가하고 걱정과 불안감이 감소하였으며 환자에게서 벗어나 사회적 관심이 높아지게 되었다. 한편, 교육군에서는 지식의 증가에 따라 불안감이 감소했지만 대조군에서는 상관 관계가 없었다. 또한 교육군과 대조군 모두에서 지식의 변화와는 상관없이 거부감이 적어질수록 긍정적 의사소통의 대처전략을 많이 사용했고 대조군에서 거부감의 영향을 더 많이 받았다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2005

In this work, a practical separation performance was investigated on aqueous alcohol solutions, especially for iso-propyl alcohol (IPA), which is usually used during the semi- conductor rinsing process. The removal of various substances from waste aqueous IPA solutions was carried out by microfiltration with $0.1\~1{\mu}$m pore size of mean diameter as a pre-filter. Permeability and molecular weight cut-off of the functional polysulfone(PSf) ultrafiltration membrane to purify waste aqueous IPA solutions were measured through the ultrafiltration test. The solute rejection of PSf membrane had $92\%$ in 1,000ppm aqueous PEG solution with PEG molecular weight 10,000, the molecular weight cut-off had 10,000. The IPA concentration on the $CMPA-K^+$ membrane performance using pervaporation module system could be increased from $95.04 wt\%$ to more than $98.50wt\%$ in about 9hr at operation temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ using the pervaporation module system.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.36-52
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• 2017

In this study, we tried to understand preschooler clothing trends and identify the purchase behaviors of various consumers, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and parents, who are the main consumers of the preschooler clothing market. We conducted in-depth interviews with consumers who were interested in preschooler clothing, purchased it frequently, and bought preschooler clothing within the last three months. Their purchase motivations and purchase behaviors were analyzed through exploratory and inductive analysis. The analysis was conducted by integrating categories into one process centered on core categories through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of this study included that 1) a variety of clothing purchase behaviors appeared as a central phenomenon, 2) the causal conditions that contributed to this phenomenon were the buyers' childcare experiences, purchase experiences, the personal consumption values of individuals, and income levels, 3) in response to the central phenomenon, the parents' action/interaction strategies were acceptance and rejection of purchased clothing, 4) contextual and Intervening conditions affecting action/interaction strategy were family environment changes, the VIB (Very Important Baby) phenomenon, parents' clothing involvement, and the relationship with the buyers, and acceptance by the users, and 5) as a result of the strategy expressed as acceptance and rejection, various clothing behaviors emerged. In this study, we identified that there are various influencers, apart from parents, involved in children's clothing consumption. Therefore, we need to keep in mind that various purchase behaviors and clothing trends that appear during one's childhood may affect the individual's clothing behavior in the future.

• 아동학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.58-71
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mother-child interactions in terms of maternal child- rearing behavior, maternal self-esteem, and their school-age children's self-esteem. The subjects were, all living in the Seoul area. A pre-test was conducted twice on 98 subjects. Each time the values of Chronbach's ${\alpha}$ were obtained on maternal behavior, maternal self-esteem and children's self-esteem. Data analysis was by ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlation. multiple regression analysis. Chronbach's ${\alpha}$, and factor analysis. Children's self-esteem was positively related (1) to family background factors:educational level, employment status of mothers, social economic status, and number of siblings (2) to maternal self-esteem and (3) to maternal child-rearing behavior in the dimensions of affection, acceptance, and encouragement of independency. Children's self-esteem was negatively related to maternal child-rearing behavior in the dimensions of hostility, rejection and encouragement of dependency. The relative importance of independent variables on children's self-esteem was found to be in the following order:mother's educational level. social economic status, and number of siblings (${\beta}=0.5935$, p< .001), maternal child-rearing behavior in the affection-hostility dimension (${\beta}=0.0849$, p< .001), and in the acceptance-rejection dimension(${\beta}=0.0365$, p< .05). The regression model showed that 25 percent of the children's self-esteem could be accounted for by family background factors. and maternal child-rearing behavior in the affection-hostility dimension and the acceptance-rejection dimension ($R^2=0.25$).

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to estimate the applicability of a stable anaerobic digester using a separator membrane to the preprocessing thickening process. The results of the experiments showed about a 47.16% weight loss rate for the sludge under anaerobic condition, and about 41.17% under intermittent aeration condition. The concentrations of rejection water were $SCOD_{Cr}$ 25 mg/L, T-N 16.6 mg/L, and T-P 1.4 mg/L on the average under the intermittent aeration condition, which were lower than the concentrations of rejection water under an anaerobic condition. As for the factors affecting the reduction of the flux, correlation analyses of TTF, MLSS, $SCOD_{Cr}$, and $EPS_{Protein}$, $EPS_{Polysacchride}$ resulted in -0.97, -0.95, -0.84 and -0.86, -0.95, respectively, which showed that TTF had the highest correlation to the reduction of the flux. In addition, it was concluded that MLSS, $SCOD_{Cr}$ and $EPS_{Protein}$, $EPS_{Polysacchride}$ also have close correlations. The results are considered to show that, in the case of the process using a tubular membrane in the preprocessing process of an anaerobic digester, an intermittent aeration condition of the thickener considering the contamination of the membrane and load of rejection water is appropriate for the stable preprocessing process.

• 대한이식학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2018

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major complication after ABO-incompatible liver transplantation. According to the 2016 Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Criteria for the diagnosis of acute AMR, a positive serum donor specific antibody (DSA) is needed. On the other hand, the clinical significance of the histological findings of AMR in the absence of DSA is unclear. This paper describes a 57-year-old man (blood type, O+) who suffered from hepatitis B virus cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. Pre-operative DSA and cross-matching were negative. After transplantation, despite the improvement of the liver function, acute AMR was observed in the protocol biopsy on postoperative day 7; the cluster of differentiation 19+ (CD19+) count was 0% and anti-ABO antibody titers were 1:2. This paper presents the allograft injury like AMR in the absence of DSA after ABOi living donor liver transplantation with low titers of anti-ABO antibody and depleted serum CD19+ B cells.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 한외여과막과 역삼투압막으로 이루어진 해수담수화장치를 구성하였다. 해수를 취수하여 디스크필터와 한외여과막을 이용한 전처리설비를 통과시켜 생산한 전처리수의 $SDI_{15}$와 탁도를 측정하여 역삼투압해수담수설비에 적합함을 밝혔다. 역삼투압해수담수설비의 부산물인 브라인을 전처리수와 혼합하여 역삼투압해수담수설비의 입구농도를 변화시켰다. 농도 변화실험에서, 해수농도가 역삼투압해수담수설비의 성능에 끼치는 영향을 실험으로 구하였다. 염배제율, 회수율, 생산수의 수질은 입구농도에 따라 많은 변화가 있었으며, 에너지소비량도 입구농도에 거의 선형적으로 상승하는 것을 실험으로 구하였다.