• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.203-207
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• 2008

The production process of the 3D-animation roughly consists of the pre-production, the main-production and the post-production. The pre-production, which is not only the outset of whole procedure among them but also the process to predict and design overall plan collectively is the most important step. A much more specific and perfect pre-production structure is needed to produce a high quality 3D-animation. Moreover, the standard 3D efficient lighting model is gathering strength as 2D and 3D artworks which are completed in this step maintain colors and looks in the main as well as post-production consistently. This study will make up for the weak points and help both to predict the color range of the overall 3D-animation product and to promote the application range of the 3D lighting system on the pre-production stage by developing the standard 3D lighting model applicable on the early step and calculating its lighting parameter properties.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.43 no.1 s.145
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• pp.87-95
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• 2006

There are hundreds of ship blocks which are under the block assembly, painting, and outfitting assembly works in the pre-erection shops of shipyard. Generally, each block is planned to be processed in a pre-erection shop according to the block type by the long-term production-scheduling before six months. However, many blocks can't be processed in the planned time and the planned shop since the before and after block-processing changes or delays the planned sequential works in pre-erection shops. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the current location of each block and work in process to cope with the changed situation of pre-erection shops. Present study integrates PDA, GPS, and CDMA not only to chase the location of each block but also to exchange the pre-erection work order and the work report between the production-scheduling server and the production managers in the pre-erection shops. This study shows a prototype for the block tracing and process monitoring in the pre-erection shops.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2005

New post plasma nitriding can achieve a high uniformity that have been difficult in DC nitriding and have a high productivity comparable to gas nitriding. However, it has not a enough high nitriding potential for a rapid nitriding, because surface activation or ion etching in the general plasma nitriding cannot be expected. Thus, in this study, the effects of pre-treatments with oxidation and reduction gas have been investigated to improve the nitriding kinetics of post plasma nitriding. An effective pre-treatment consisting of oxidation and reduction resulted in the increase of surface energy of STD 11. This induced the surface hardness and the effective nitriding depth of STD 11. It is thought that the increase of the surface energy and the surface area with pre-treatment promote the nucleation of nitriding layer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.64-73
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• 2018

Pre-production has become one of the more noticeable new trends in the Korean drama industry. The trend is being led both by the outsourcing producers and the incumbent broadcasting companies. In particular, the broadcasting companies seem to favor the mode of pre-production more and more, and that is happening not only when they are working on their own but also when collaborating with outsourcing producers. It has been generally proven and believed that the recruitment of A-list production factors is one sure way to produce better commercial results in the Korean drama industry. Then, the recent phenomenon of the pre-production is happening with the lack of the of A-list factors' participation. Especially, A-list writers have been showing a high degree of reluctance to take part in the pre-production, mentioning the inability to reflect the audience's responses on their stories. While the pre-prodction is being adopted in various genres, it is observed that the pre-produced dramas with multi-genre features have a higher chance to succeed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.588-595
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• 2016

This paper is a study on head bolts that are used in A/C compressors to reduce production cost and solve leak problems on the head bolt seat area that causes massive intermittent malfunctioning during production. In this study, the pre-heat treated steel, which was used as a material in the head bolt, eliminated the heat treatment process after forging. The pre-heat treated steel head bolts, which have 10 % lower tensile strength than the conventional SCM 435 head bolts, were selected after considering the results of creeping rupture properties, axial force, and stress concentration per tensile strength variation. Then, the performance test and the durability test with the A/C compressor that was assembled with the pre-heat treated steel head bolts were performed and verified. Based on the results, the pre-heat treated steel head bolts developed in this study saved 7.3 % in production cost by eliminating the heat treatment process and the logistics process. Furthermore, the leak problem on the head bolt seat area in the A/C compressor was addressed significantly on the mass production assembly line.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

This study was conducted to increase the amount of bio-hydrogen production from microalgae(Chlorella vulgaris) in batch reactors by thermal pre-treatment. The optimization of thermal pre-treatment was conducted using statistic experimental design of response surface methodology. Two experimental parameters of temperature and reaction time were considered. The optimization condition was founded at the coded variables of <0.52, -0.07> corresponding to the experimental of heating temperature of $95.6^{\circ}C$ and reaction time of 57.9 min, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the maximum hydrogen production was predicted to 25.3mL $H_2/g$ dry cell weight (dcw), which was 9.1 times higher value of control(2.8mL $H_2/g$ dcw).

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2019

Smart Farming has been regarded as an important application in information and communications technology (ICT) fields. Selecting crops for cultivation at the pre-production stage is critical for agricultural producers' final profits because over-production and under-production may result in uncountable losses, and it is necessary to predict crop production to prevent these losses. The ITU-T Recommendation for Smart Farming (Y.4450/Y.2238) defines plan/production consultation service at the pre-production stage; this type of service must trace crop production in a predictive way. Several research papers present that machine learning technology can be applied to predict crop production after related data are learned, but these technologies have little to do with standardized ICT services. This paper clarifies the relationship between agricultural consultation services and predicting crop production. A prediction scheme is proposed, and the results confirm the usability and superiority of machine learning for predicting crop production.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.613-619
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• 2018

In this study, various influent sludge pre-treatment methods and the internal recirculation of thickened sludge from effluents using a liquid/solid separation unit were adopted to investigate their effects on the sludge digestion and methane production in a combined mesophilic anaerobic and thermophilic aerobic sludge digestion process. A lab-scale combined sludge digestion process was operated during 5 phases using different feed sludge pre-treatment strategies. In phase 1, the feed sludge was pre-treated with a thermal-alkaline method. In contrast, in phases 2, 3 and 4, the internal recirculation of thickened sludge from the effluent and thermal-alkaline, thermal, and alkaline pre-treatment (7 days) were applied to the combined process. In phase 5, the raw sludge without any pre-treatment was used to the combined process. With the feed sludge pre-treatment and internal recirculation, the experimental results indicated that the volatile suspended solid (VSS) removal was drastically increased from phases 1 to 4. Also, the methane production rate with the thermal-alkaline pre-treatment and internal recirculation was significantly improved, showing an increment to 285 mL/L/day in phase 2. Meanwhile, the VSS removal and methane production in phase 5 were greatly decreased when the raw sludge without any pre-treatment was applied to the combined process. Considering all together, it was concluded that the combined process with the thickened sludge recirculation and thermal-alkaline pre-treatment can be successfully employed for the highly efficient sewage sludge reduction and methane gas production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.231-231
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• 2017

Drought limits rice production under upland condition. This study quantified the effect of rhizobacteria inoculation on rice root system developmental response to drought and its role in maintaining high soil water use, and dry matter production under drought using NSIC Rc192 (rainfed lowland rice variety). The source of inoculant was Streptomyces mutabilis, a recently isolated rhizobacteria containing plant growth promoting compounds such as ACC deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid and phosphatase (Cruz et al., 2014, 2015). In the first experiment, pre-germination inoculation of seeds with S. mutabilis significantly increased the shoot and root (radicle) length as well as root hair lengths, relative to the non-inoculated control. In the second experiment, rice plants inoculated with S. mutabilis and grown in rootbox with soil generally had greater total root length under drought regardless of the timing of inoculations, relative to the non-inoculated control. Consequently, improved root system development contributed to the increase in soil water uptake under drought and thus, dry matter production. Among inoculation treatments, one-time inoculation of S. mutabilis either at pre-germination or pre-drought stress at 14 days after sowing (DAS), had significantly greater shoot dry matter production than three-time inoculation at pre-germination, at thinning (3 DAS) and at pre-drought (14 DAS). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of rhizobacteria (S. mutabilis) containing growth promoting compounds for enhancing drought dehydration avoidance root traits and improving the growth of rice plants under drought condition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.499-503
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• 1994

One thousand and eighty eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were set into the incubator maintaining 36 treatment groups (3 egg weight groups ${\times}3$ seasons ${\times}4$ preincubation holding periods) to evaluate their hatchability performances. Holding periods had significant (p<0.05) effect on hatchability and the seasons showed significant (p<0.05) effect on chick weight. All the parameters (except fertility) were significantly (p<0.01) influenced by the egg weight. None of the parameters maintained regular trend with egg weight and pre-incubation holding periods. Significant interactions were not observed on any of the parameters (except fertility) studied. The egg weight maintained significant (p<0.05) negative correlation with fertility and positive correlation with chick weight. Eggs of medium weight (9.10 to 10.00 cm) could be hatched satisfactorily between 4 and 7 days of pre-incubation holding periods in any season of the year.